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- Reconstruction (12035 bytes)
1: ...nstruction''' was the period after the [[American Civil War]] when the southern states of the breakaway [...
6: ...th President [[Andrew Johnson]], who vetoed the [[Civil Rights Act of 1866]]; however, his veto was overr...
12: ... all state governments and began to pass numerous civil rights laws legalizing interracial marriage and e...
18: ...States Constitution|Fourteenth]], which granted [[civil rights]] to [[Negroes]]; and the [[United States ...
36: ...n neighbors. The initial flurry of Reconstruction civil rights measures was eroded and converted into law... - San Francisco, California (55022 bytes)
75: ... double-decker freeways, but the crude state of [[civil engineering]] at that time resulted in constructi...
97: ...n of the assistant chief) allegedly assaulted two civilians over a bag of steak [[fajita]]s. The resultin...
375: ...l engineering landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in the 1970's. - Ronald Reagan (52721 bytes)
89: ...e Internal Revenue Code in 1986, as well as the [[Civil Liberties Act of 1988]] which compensated victims...
106: ... [[1982]] massacre of hundreds of [[Palestinian]] civilians in Beirut (see [[Sabra and Shatila Massacre]]...
110: ...ired for agriculture, medical research, and other civilian purposes, but which were diverted to use in Sa... - Gerald Ford (28942 bytes)
168: ...rt of reproductive rights. Ford has also endorsed civil unions for [[gay]] couples, and urged Republicans... - John F. Kennedy (36524 bytes)
24: ...ncomplete at his death — with most of his [[civil rights]] policies coming to fruition through his ...
57: ...r to the 1960 campaign, was his handling of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]]. He voted for final passage,...
96: ...eft|200px|JFK in the [[Oval Office]] with various civil rights activists including [[Martin Luther King J...
101: ...d he distanced himself from it. As a result, many civil rights leaders viewed President Kennedy as unsupp...
196: ...ng his presidency. The [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil Rights Act]] which he sent to Congress in 1963 wa... - Lyndon B. Johnson (32801 bytes)
81: ...50px|right|President Johnson signs the historic [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] bill.]]
100: ...am War]]. As more and more American soldiers and civilians were killed in Vietnam, Johnson's popularity ...
195: ...onal approval. After delivering a major speech on civil rights, he called 32 people, all of whom he knew ... - Richard Nixon (32863 bytes)
66: ...isliked the "[[hippie]]" [[counterculture]] and [[civil rights]] and [[anti-war]] demonstrators. Nixon a... - Dwight D. Eisenhower (37513 bytes)
177: ...n foreign affairs. With respect to the emerging [[civil rights movement]], he has been criticized by [[le...
274: ...dy, but also due to his reluctance to support the civil rights movement or to stop [[McCarthyism]]. Suc...
281: ...he legality of holding a military rank while in a civilian office, Dwight Eisenhower resigned his permane... - Harry S. Truman (30022 bytes)
86: ...vocating universal [[health insurance]], modest [[civil rights]] legislation, and the repeal of the [[Taf...
246: ...arrozzo on Michael R. Gardner, ''Harry Truman and Civil Rights: Moral Courage and Political Risks'']. - Herbert Hoover (27123 bytes)
146: The President expanded civil service protection, cancelled private oil leases ... - Franklin D. Roosevelt (74009 bytes)
22: ...ing [[World War II]] and his failure to advance [[civil rights]] for [[African Americans]]. Some conserva...
89: ...; the [[Works Progress Administration]] and the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] to hire millions of unemp...
148: ...sidential election. A fight for Japanese-American civil rights would have meant a fight with influential ...
150: ==Civil rights and refugees==
154: ... good-natured, children. He did little to advance civil rights, despite prodding from Eleanor and liberal... - National Football League (30340 bytes)
122: ...sed to sign black players until threatened with [[civil rights]] legal action by the [[John F. Kennedy|Ke... - Aaron Burr (20716 bytes)
51: ...ited States could have fallen into a full-scale [[civil war]]. - Benedict Arnold (11750 bytes)
25: ...on [[June 1]], [[1779]], because of disputes with civil authorities. He was cleared of all except minor c... - USS Monitor (7466 bytes)
33: ...]] on [[March 9]], [[1862]] during the [[American Civil War]], in which ''Monitor'' fought the ironclad [...
49: ...d deep-sea monitors, and they played key roles in Civil War battles on the Mississippi and James rivers. ...
77: * [http://www.multied.com/Navy/cwnavalhistory/ Civil War Naval History] - James K. Polk (27988 bytes)
86: ...vents of the 1850s, contributed to the [[American Civil War]], which began in 1861. - Bahrain (16123 bytes)
65: ...ization of Delmon that was linked to the Sumerian Civilization in the third millennium BC. Bahrain also b...
84: The new king has worked to improve civil rights and increase democratic reforms. Municipa... - History of India (31279 bytes)
5: ...0 years ago and developed into the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], which peaked between the [[26th century...
32: ...gery and oceanographic studies, suggests that the civilisation flourished even as far back as the [[9000 ...
34: ==Indus Valley Civilisation==
36: ...], [[Gujarat]], and northern [[Afghanistan]]. The civilization is noted for its cities built of brick. Th...
38: ...throughout India's history, and were vital to the civilizations throughout the Indus. - Julius Caesar (50670 bytes)
4: ...s of March]] was the catalyst for a second set of civil wars, which marked the end of the [[Roman Republi...
13: ...faction against [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla]] led to civil war and eventually opened the way to Sulla's dict...
15: Thus, when Sulla emerged as the winner of this civil war and began his program of proscriptions, Caesa...
78: ==Civil War==
86: ...r from his province into Italy, thus starting the civil war. Despite having two legions to Caesar’s... - Pompey (25785 bytes)
3: ...[[Roman Republic]], was defeated in the ensuing [[civil war]] and ultimately was murdered by [[Ptolemy XI...
8: ...first with [[Marius]], then with [[Sulla]] in the civil wars of 88-87 BC. At age 17, Pompey was fully inv...
57: ...lius Clodius and other factions were building and civil unrest was becoming endemic.
66: ==Civil War== - Caesar Augustus (50559 bytes)
3: ...tion on the [[Ides of March]]. After the years of civil war that followed, Octavian would defeat such ene...
5: ...t]] for more than 40 years. He ended a century of civil wars and gave Rome an era of peace, prosperity, a...
21: ...oundation, and plunge it into another devastating civil war. But no Roman was as profoundly effected as h...
46: ==Civil War==
96: The civil war between Antony and Octavian seemed assured of... - Architectural history (13369 bytes)
33: ...over human affairs, the living rituals of ancient civilizations had become inscribed in space, in the pat...
43: ...ger [[hospital|hospitals]] and academies. General civil construction such as roads and bridges began to b...
57: ...ous values that made up the space of all previous civilisations. The ramifications of this can be seen in... - Aviator (3951 bytes)
8: ...vil Aviation Authority]] controls the issuance of civilian pilot licenses/certificates in the [[United Ki... - Aircraft (13315 bytes)
79: ..., reconnaissance, transport, and training), and [[civil aviation]], which includes all uses of airplanes ...
82: ...s were used for observation during the [[American Civil War]] and [[World War I]], and gliders were used ...
92: =====Civil aviation=====
93: ...gory, ranging from recreational balloon flying to civilian flight training to business trips to firefight... - Helicopter (20080 bytes)
9: ...rescue|air/sea/mountain rescue]]), [[police]] and civilian surveillance, carrying goods (some helicopters...
55: ...estland Scout|Scout]] AH.1 (XV134), now on the UK Civil Register.]] - History of rail transport (7056 bytes)
9: ...[plateways]]. In the late 18th century, English [[civil engineer]] [[William Jessop]] designed edged rail... - African American (19830 bytes)
15: ... States of America]] which lead to the [[American Civil War]] ([[1861]] - [[1865]]).
17: ... hold public office, as well as a number of other civil rights they previously had been denied. However, ...
21: ... was the major, opening salvo of the modern-day [[Civil Rights Movement]]. It was part of a long-term st...
26: ...oved their social and economic standing since the Civil Rights Movement, and recent [[decade]]s have witn... - Adolf Hitler (51456 bytes)
47: ...ike many other German nationalists, Hitler blamed civilian politicians (the "[[November criminals]]") for...
86: ... for it), the [[Reichstag Fire Decree]] suspended civil liberties. Subsequently, in the [[March]] [[1933]...
96: ... greatest expansions of industrial production and civil improvement Germany had ever seen, mostly based o...
98: ...ozens of dams, [[autobahn]]s, railroads and other civil works. Hitler's policies emphasised the importanc...
117: ...g, he grew bolder. In July [[1936]] the [[Spanish Civil War]] began when the military, led by General [[F... - Pirate Ship (44502 bytes)
10: ...f the [[Sea Peoples]] who threatened the [[Aegean civilization|Aegean]] and [[Mediterranean]] in the 13th...
47: ... as [[California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/aborig/haida/havwa01e.html|title=Haida ...
170: ...ssdate=2007-02-18}}</ref> Throughout the American Civil War, [[Confederate privateer]]s successfully hara...
205: ...example is the hijacking of the [[Italy|Italian]] civilian passenger ship ''[[Achille Lauro]]'', which is... - Jean Lafitte (3700 bytes)
17: ...d the final resting place for soldiers from the [[Civil War]], [[Spanish-American War]], [[World War I|Wo... - Francis Drake (14963 bytes)
2: ... [[politics|politician]], and [[Civil engineering|civil engineer]] of the [[Elizabethan period]]. He was ... - American Revolutionary War (40738 bytes)
108: ...roquois]] Confederacy was eventually plunged into civil war, while other groups, such as the [[Cherokee]]...
129: ...est surrender of U.S. troops until the [[American Civil War]]. With relatively few casualties, Clinton ha...
137: ...riots. The Revolutionary War was in many ways a [[civil war]]; this was especially true in the South.
198: ... American Indians, French and Spanish troops, and civilians. - Battle of the Wilderness (11082 bytes)
1: ...ut the Battle of the Wilderness in the [[American Civil War]]. For the [[French and Indian War]] battle, ...
9: |conflict=[[American Civil War]]
24: ...eld along the Brock Road on the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] army's left flank.
45: ...w his force, which is normally how the loser in a Civil War battle is determined. However, unlike his pre...
113: | Foote, ''Civil War'' - Jefferson Davis (14427 bytes)
3: ...il War]] (also known as the [[Naming the American Civil War|War Between the States]]). - Stonewall Jackson (15247 bytes)
3: ...erica|Confederate]] general during the [[American Civil War]], and was killed during the conflict. Jackso...
34: == American Civil War ==
36: In [[1861]], as the [[American Civil War]] broke out, the [[Confederate Army]] had a l...
57: ... is considered one of the great characters of the Civil War. He was profoundly religious, a deacon in th... - James Longstreet (9732 bytes)
4: ...ne of the foremost [[general]]s of the [[American Civil War]], and later enjoyed a successful post-war ca...
8: ...onfederate States of America|Confederacy]] in the Civil War. - Belle Boyd (1031 bytes)
2: ...vil War spies|Confederate spy]] in the [[American Civil War]]. She operated from her father's hotel in [...
6: *[http://www.civilwarhome.com/boydbio.htm Civil War Home: Belle Boyd]
9: *[http://www.bchs.org/civilwar.html Civil War Discovery Trail Belle Boyd] - Henry Morton Stanley (3669 bytes)
7: ...ilitary service with both sides in the [[American Civil War]], Stanley became a journalist, arriving on t... - Hernan Cortes (17441 bytes)
44: ...s ever saw it), bringing stability and surprising civil rights to the country. He kept his explorations a... - March 17 (9666 bytes)
53: *[[1912]] - [[Bayard Rustin]], civil rights activist (d. [[1987]])
62: *1933 - [[Myrlie Evers-Williams]], civil rights activist - March 18 (10594 bytes)
13: *[[1865]] - [[American Civil War]]: The Congress of the [[Confederate States o...
20: ...i]] is sentenced to six years in [[prison]] for [[civil disobedience]]. He would serve only 2 years.
23: *[[1937]] - [[Spanish Civil War]]: [[Spain|Spanish]] Republican forces hand t... - March 19 (9902 bytes)
10: *[[1865]] - [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Bentonville]] begins. By t...
94: *[[1939]] - [[Lloyd L. Gaines]], civil rights activist (b. ca. [[1913]])
107: *[[1989]] - [[Alan Civil]], English [[French horn]] player (b. [[1929]]) - March 21 (10586 bytes)
9: ...ode Napol鯮]] was adopted as [[France|French]] [[civil law]].
23: ... on the start of the 3rd and finally successful [[Civil Rights]] March from [[Selma]] to [[Montgomery]] [... - Richmond, Virginia (20197 bytes)
48: ... [[Virginia]] in [[1780]]. During the [[American Civil War]], Richmond was the capital of the [[Confeder... - Montgomery, Alabama (5329 bytes)
31: ...[[December 1]], [[1955]], [[Rosa Parks]] became a civil rights heroine in the city by refusing to give up... - Little Rock, Arkansas (9366 bytes)
62: ...ock historically was involved with the [[American Civil Rights Movement]], when [[Little Rock Central Hig... - Atlanta, Georgia (39442 bytes)
24: ...entury]], Atlanta was a center for the [[American Civil Rights Movement]] and served as the host city for...
26: ..."The Phoenix City", relates to its rise after the Civil War. The [[phoenix]] appears in many of Atlanta'...
36: ... The fall of Atlanta was a critical point in the Civil War, giving the North more confidence, and leadin...
45: ...ng center of the [[American civil rights movement|civil rights movement]], with Dr. [[Martin Luther King]...
131: ...r. National Historic Site]]. Meetings with other civil rights leaders, including Hosea Williams and curr... - Honolulu, Hawaii (19495 bytes)
55: ... of governance overseeing all municipal services: civil defense, emergency medical, fire, parks and recre... - Indianapolis, Indiana (25903 bytes)
39: ...napolis would witness an historic moment in the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. On April 4, [[1968]], while o... - Topeka, Kansas (10234 bytes)
39: ...nd the ensuing period of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] slowed the growth of Topeka and the state, ... - Baton Rouge, Louisiana (4998 bytes)
37: ...s moved back to New Orleans during the [[American Civil War]], and then returned to Baton Rouge in [[1882... - Annapolis, Maryland (7226 bytes)
38: ...rmerly a Maryland lawyer who won many important [[civil rights]] cases. - Jackson, Mississippi (21073 bytes)
33: ...h of the city in the decades after the [[American Civil War]].
49: On [[May 24]], [[1961]] during the [[American civil rights movement]], a large group of [[Freedom Rid...
51: ... shortly after midnight on [[June 12]], [[1963]], civil rights activist and leader of the Mississippi cha...
65: ...ntil the [[1970s]], after the turbulence of the [[Civil Rights Movement]].
231: ...Airport in honor of slain [[Civil Rights Movement|civil rights]] leader and field secretary for the Missi... - Helena, Montana (6927 bytes)
61: * [[William F. Wheeler]], [[U.S. Marshal]], Civil War officer, Minnesota territorial Librarian and ... - Lincoln, Nebraska (9126 bytes)
43: ...s named after the leader of the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] cause. The ploy did not work, as La...
60: ...Nebraskans who served in the [[American Civil War|Civil]] and [[Spanish-American War]]s; the 751 Nebraska... - Salt Lake City, Utah (41550 bytes)
20: ...intain [[Union]] allegiance during the [[American Civil War]]. Many area leaders were imprisoned at the t... - Politics of Russia (78325 bytes)
34: ...e legislature, Russia came the closest to serious civil conflict since the revolution of 1917.]]
97: ... ensure the rule of law and respect for human and civil rights; protect property; and take measures again...
116: ...sions was passage of the first two parts of a new civil code, desperately needed to update antiquated Sov...
158: ...f significant laws, and he noted with relief the "civil" resolution of the June 1995 no-confidence confli...
164: ...t against crime and corruption, the protection of civil and human rights, and the general ascendancy of t... - Sweden (27111 bytes)
98: ...onstitution of 1809|the latter]] granting several civil liberties. The monarch remains as the formal, but... - Malta (18511 bytes)
69: ...rehistoric civilization existed on the islands, a civilization which predated the Pyramids of Giza by a m...
86: ...hat it led the country to an escalating spiral of civil strife, which peaked in 1981 – Due to these... - Politics of Malta (9667 bytes)
8: ...urt of appeal hears appeals from decisions of the civil court and of the commercial court. The court of c...
54: ...ws of Malta based on English common law and Roman civil law; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, wi... - History of Slovakia (43199 bytes)
19: ...fter the disappearance of the Cakany and Velatice civilizations, it was the [[Lusatian]] people who expan...
182: ...rella group championing bureaucratic reform and [[civil liberties]]. Its leader was the dissident playwri... - Vatican City (21873 bytes)
83: ...y See through the [[Roman Curia]] and the [[Papal Civil Service]]. The Roman Curia consists of the [[Secr...
133: ...ative Committee]] (AALCC) and the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO). - List of hobbies (5016 bytes)
128: * [[Model aircraft]] -- civil and military
137: * [[Ship model|Model ships]] -- civil and military - Mahatma Gandhi (35350 bytes)
15: By means of non-violent [[civil disobedience]], Gandhi helped bring about India's...
20: ...and of philosophers and poets, the very centre of civilization."
27: ==Civil rights movement in South Africa==
35: ...tivist were when the concepts and techniques of [[civil disobedience]] and non-violent resistance were de...
42: ... his work, Gandhi called off the campaign of mass civil disobedience. Now vulnerable, Gandhi was arreste... - Thomas Hobbes (26163 bytes)
22: ...olitical doctrine was not shaped by the [[English Civil War]].
28: ==Civil war in England==
30: The [[English Civil War]] broke out in [[1642]], and when the Royalis...
34: ...ressure of human needs to its dissolution through civil strife proceeding from human passions. The work w...
36: ...m and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil]]'', with a famous frontpiece in which, from behi... - Rail transport (15539 bytes)
49: ...h century]] iron rails began to appear: British [[civil engineer]] [[William Jessop]] designed edge rails... - History of Christianity (35391 bytes)
29: ...]s was appointed to proselytize the [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] Jews. In Acts 10:44ff Peter ...
275: *The [[English Civil War]] - July 24 (8660 bytes)
10: *[[1864]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Kernstown]] - [[Confederate St...
11: ... [[United States|Union]] following the [[American Civil War]]. - Yellowstone National Park (23738 bytes)
39: ...er due to heavy snows. The intervening [[American Civil War]] stopped all attempts to explore the region ...
51: ... steward of the park until control was given to a civilian corps of rangers under the newly-created [[Nat... - New Deal (82408 bytes)
7: ...ion]] (FERA) work relief program, and added the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC), [[Public Works Adm...
46: ...e fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization."
71: ... the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC), the [[Civil Works Administration]] (CWA), the [[Federal Emerg...
148: ... many African American historians insist that the Civil Rights movement owed everything to black activist...
163: ... conscription and removal of soldiers, meant that civilian unemployment plummeted—from 14% in 1940 ... - United States House of Representatives (41197 bytes)
11: ...r issues persisted until the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] ([[1861]]–[[1865]]), which began soon...
13: ...ricans associated with the Union's victory in the Civil War. Reconstruction ended in about [[1877]]; the ...
29: ...rate]] [[secession]], which led to the [[American Civil War]]. In [[1980]], [[Michael Myers (politician)|...
36: ...e into force soon after the end of the [[American Civil War]], was intended to prevent those who sided wi... - Republican Party (United States) (31573 bytes)
20: ...834 but was defunct by the time of the [[American Civil War]].
48: With the end of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] came the upheavals of [[Reconstruction]] un...
60: ... to national Democratic Party's support for the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. The remaining pockets of libe...
70: ...Iraq]]. This marked just the third time since the Civil War that the party in control of the White House ... - List of national anthems (17969 bytes)
155: |[[Denmark]]||Civil: [[Der er et Yndigt Land]] (There is a Lovely Lan...
500: |[[Sweden]]||Civil: [[Du gamla, Du fria]] (Thou ancient, Thou free, ...
518: |[[Thailand]]||Civil: [[Phleng Chat]] — Royal: [[Phleng Sansasoe... - Inca Empire (25571 bytes)
11: ... emperor, but can also refer to the people or the civilization, and is used as an adjective when referrin...
76: ...leadership at all levels the Inca established a [[civil service]] system. Boys at age of 13 and girls at ...
78: ...n might pass the exam as adolescents to enter the civil service. Although workers were considered the low...
94: ... terraced agriculture that the previous [[Huari]] civilization had popularized. But they did not use the ...
143: ...ough [[El Ni years in style while neighboring civilizations suffered. - Literature (25676 bytes)
78: ...man civil law]] as codified in the [[Corpus Juris Civilis]] during the reign of [[Justinian I]] of the [[... - Law (13360 bytes)
9: ...l disputes, whether with another private party ([[civil law]]) or with the government (often involving [[...
17: ...of legal rules; within [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]] jurisdictions, rulings do not constitute ''...
36: ...ike. This is sometimes seen as a subcategory of [[civil law]] and sometimes called [[public law]] as it d...
42: *[[Civil law]], not to be confused with the civil legal system, has several meanings:
43: **[[civil law|Secular law]] is the legal system of a [[non-... - Jury (14851 bytes)
26: ... whereby both the prosecution (or plaintiff, in a civil case) and defense can object to a juror. In [[com...
65: ...., juries are used in both [[criminal law]] and [[civil law]] trials, though they are quite different.
71: ... explicitly protects the right to a jury trial in civil cases tried in the [[United States District Court... - Jury trial (20452 bytes)
3: ...ction]]s. However some [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] jurisdictions also involve juries or [[lay ...
21: ...ry trial at the state level for both criminal and civil matters and a grand jury for serious cases.
27: ...nited States]], jury trials are available in both civil and criminal cases.
70: ===Civil trial procedure===
72: ...-criminal actions and should not be confused with Civil law jurisdictions.'' - Politics of Iran (8863 bytes)
10: ... 1999 as part of President Khatami's concept of a civil society at the grassroots level. 905 [[City and V... - Persian Empire (26229 bytes)
23: ...ersia united people and kingdoms from every major civilization of a vast region. For the first time, peo...
65: ... Kavadh II. After a defeat at Nineveh in [[642]], civil war broke out and the king was assassinated. The ...
77: ...y. Their rule ushered in a golden age of Islamic civilization. By that time, Iranians had come to domina...
79: ...s, carried the torch of the world's most advanced civilizations for hundreds of years. [[List of Iranian ... - Pergamon (4084 bytes)
11: ... the second best [[library]] in the ancient Greek civilisation, after [[Alexandria, Egypt|Alexandria]]. ...
13: ...equeathed Pergamum to Rome, in order to prevent a civil war. - Martin Luther (43050 bytes)
19: ... father was determined to see his son ascend to [[civil service]] and bring further honor to the family. ...
110: ...it man ihr Gehorsam schuldig sei</cite>, that the civil authority could enact no laws for the soul, herei... - Cherokee (38956 bytes)
22: ... were one of the tribes referred to as the [[Five Civilized Tribes]].
97: ... Civil War]]. The Cherokees were one of the five "civilized tribes" that concluded treaties with, and wer...
101: ...es to capitulate in both theaters of the American Civil War.
128: ...ion and who were adopted into the tribe after the Civil War, are now eligible for membership as Cherokee ... - Navajo Nation (14007 bytes)
36: ...States. The Navajo government employs hundreds in civil service and administrative jobs. Other Navajo mem... - Time (15299 bytes)
11: ...ted Universal Time]] (UTC) which is the basis for civil time. - Day (6866 bytes)
16: ==Civil Day==
17: For civil purposes, since the middle of the 19th century wh...
19: The present common convention has the civil day start at midnight, which is near the time of ...
22: In order to keep the civil day aligned with the apparent movement of the sun...
24: A civil clock day is typically 86400 [[SI]] [[second]]s l... - Buffalo soldier (5141 bytes)
10: During the Civil War, the US government formed regiments known as ...
17: ...judice from both other members of the US Army and civilians in the areas in which they were stationed and... - Timeline of the French Revolution (9550 bytes)
67: ...13]]: Papal bull, ''[[Cavitas]]'', condemning the Civil Constitution and the [[Declaration of the Rights ... - History of Germany (53864 bytes)
3: ...19th century, they exerted influence upon Western civilization from its very beginnings.
178: ...rough various measures - like the introduction of civil marriage -, but without much success.
233: ...p d'鴡t collapsed, due to lack of support by the civil servants and the officers. Other cities were shak...
289: ... millions of people had been killed, most of them civilians, as the six million Jews murdered in the Holo... - Leone Battista Alberti (5967 bytes)
16: ...ture, painting, music, poetry, drama, philosophy, civil and canon law..." - Cappadocia (7924 bytes)
27: ...that his rule was established ([[63 BC]]). In the civil wars Cappadocia was now for [[Pompey]], now for [... - Mexican-American War (9503 bytes)
39: ...South|American South]] to refer to the [[American Civil War]]).
62: ...ment. [[Henry David Thoreau]] wrote his essay ''[[Civil Disobedience]]'' and refused to pay taxes because...
70: ...the war to be one of the causes of the [[American Civil War]]: "The occupation, separation and annexation... - Livia (5714 bytes)
8: ...ro, her cousin of [[patrician]] status. After the civil war that followed the assassination of [[Julius C... - Christmas (35108 bytes)
19: ...heir ecclesiastic December 25 thus falling on the civil ([[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]) date of [[Janu... - Kenya (15142 bytes)
99: ...9 to revitalize the reform effort, strengthen the civil service, and curb corruption, but wary donors con... - Daniel Webster (10835 bytes)
43: ...rong and perfect body of the first ages, with the civility and thought of the last.
50: * [[Origins of the American Civil War (2/4)]] - Urban planning (12224 bytes)
6: ...son, the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley civilization]] is recognized as having first developed ...
8: ...city planning, developed for military defense and civil convenience. Effectively, many European towns sti... - Democracy (24363 bytes)
32: ...beralism]], where certain culturally subjective [[civil rights|individual rights]] are protected from a s...
33: ...the authority of the government and protects many civil rights
41: *A broadly and deeply entrenched [[civil society]]
68: ...rules of the society must encourage tolerance and civility in public debate. In such a society, the loser...
134: *[[Freedom House]] — scores all nations on civil liberties and political rights - Election (15836 bytes)
23: ...ng rights in the southern United States until the civil rights movement of the [[1960s]]. And finally, in... - Timeline of railway history (5902 bytes)
6: *[[1789]] [[England|English]] [[civil engineer|engineer]] [[William Jessop]] uses flang... - Zachary Taylor (11484 bytes)
54: ...eral in the Grand Army of the Republic during the Civil War. - Slavery (26455 bytes)
73: ...as part of an ongoing [[Second Sudanese Civil War|civil war]].
115: ...nerations which would culminate in the [[American Civil War]]. The fiercest combatants were abolitionists...
130: ... demanded to secede from the Union, launching the Civil War.
136: ...sation of hostilities in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. Practically, the slaves in many parts of ... - History of Greek and Roman Egypt (25856 bytes)
61: ... There was a series of revolts, both military and civilian, through the 3rd century. Under [[Decius]], in...
72: ... prolonged conflict which at times descended into civil war. Alexandria became the centre of the first gr...
79: ...Another schism in the Church produced a prolonged civil war and alienated Egypt from the Empire. - Stamp Act 1765 (7443 bytes)
11: ...all. To be admitted to the bar or enrolled as a [[Civil law notary|notary]] one would pay a tax of �10 ... - Voltaire (48640 bytes)
183: ...ageous polemicist, who indefatigably fought for [[civil rights]] — the [[right to a fair trial]] an... - Franz Xaver von Baader (10383 bytes)
7: ...dash;1836. In 1838 he opposed the interference in civil matters of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], to whic...
15: ..., are equally objectionable. The ideal state is a civil community ruled by a universal or Catholic church... - Martha Washington (3111 bytes)
8: ...[[Robert E. Lee]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], later becoming [[Arlington National Cemete... - Domitian (8530 bytes)
19: ...fects of the [[great fire of Rome]] in 64 and the civil war of 69. Around fifty new buildings were erecte... - Roman law (15349 bytes)
2: ... tables]] (from [[449 BC]]) to the [[Corpus Iuris Civilis | codification]] of Emperor [[Justinian I]] (a...
8: ...s to have been dedicated to [[private law]] and [[civil procedure]].
27: ...actments like the French [[Napoleonic Code | Code civil]].
46: ...ive name of ''Corpus Iuris Civilis'' (body of the civil law).
64: ...sually refered to as [[civil law (legal system) | civil law]] in English-speaking countries. - Woodrow Wilson (31322 bytes)
23: ...United States|South]] in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. They cared for wounded [[Confederate Stat...
28: ...age in the decades after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], when [[Congress of the United States|Cong...
75: ...torious for its flagrant violations of American [[civil liberties]].
79: ... "[[White_Movement|White]]" side of the [[Russian civil war]], first monetarily, but later with a naval b... - Rutherford B. Hayes (9651 bytes)
30: ...r honesty dating back to his [[American Civil War|Civil War]] years, when as a major general he had refus... - James A. Garfield (15070 bytes)
35: With the start of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Garfield enlisted in the [[Union Army]], a...
41: ...ears up through [[1878]]. In the House during the Civil War and the following [[Reconstruction]] Era, he ...
52: ... leader of the "[[Half-Breeds]]," who supported [[civil service]] reform and Hayes's relatively lenient t...
93: ...as instrumental to the passage of the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] on [[January 16]], [[1883]]. - Benjamin Harrison (11469 bytes)
28: ...he [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], [[brevet (military)|brevet]]ting as a [[br... - William McKinley (11746 bytes)
27: ...Union Army]], as a private in the [http://www.ohiocivilwar.com/cw23.html Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volu... - Theodore Roosevelt (35706 bytes)
50: .... In his term he vigorously sought enforcement of civil service laws and the number of jobs that fell und...
231: ...er pair was [[Douglas MacArthur]] and his father, Civil War hero [[Arthur MacArthur, Jr.|Arthur MacArthur... - William Howard Taft (15237 bytes)
20: ...[Interstate Commerce Commission]], expanded the [[civil service]], and established a better [[United Stat...
27: ...om [[1901]] to [[1903]], Taft served as the first civilian [[Governor-General of the Philippines]]. In [[...
37: ...vings bank and a parcel post system, expanded the civil service and sponsored the enactment of two amendm... - John C. Breckinridge (5870 bytes)
2: ...d a [[Confederate]] [[general]] in the [[American Civil War]].
8: ... America|Confederate]] Army during the [[American Civil War]] as a [[brigadier general]] and soon became ... - Hannibal Hamlin (5219 bytes)
21: ... the Union forces during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. Charles and sister Sarah were present at [... - First Crusade (34670 bytes)
12: ... Great Seljuk, but this empire was split apart by civil war after the death of [[Malik Shah I]] in [[1092... - Ancient Civilizations (5780 bytes)
6: ==Civilizations==
7: The most prominent civilizations of the Ancient Era:
19: *[[Hellenic civilization]] (Greeks)
21: *[[Indus Valley civilization]], unified from 2600 BC - 1900 BC.
33: ==Clipart and Pictures of Ancient Civilizations== - Ancient China (39554 bytes)
1: ...2nd century BC|200 BC]]) strengthened the Chinese civilization. Politically, China alternated between per...
6: ...pecialist craftsmen and administrators: in short, civilization as we know it. In late [[Neolithic]] times...
11: ...d [[Erlitou]] show evidence of a [[Bronze Age]] [[Civilization]] in [[China]].
42: ...mperial China. Under the Han Dynasty, the Chinese civilization made great advances in historiography, art...
141: ....e. stereotyped essay] as the format for imperial civil service exams. - Tobacco (28162 bytes)
80: Prior to the [[American Civil War]], the tobacco grown in the US was almost ent... - Ancient India (31279 bytes)
5: ...0 years ago and developed into the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], which peaked between the [[26th century...
32: ...gery and oceanographic studies, suggests that the civilisation flourished even as far back as the [[9000 ...
34: ==Indus Valley Civilisation==
36: ...], [[Gujarat]], and northern [[Afghanistan]]. The civilization is noted for its cities built of brick. Th...
38: ...throughout India's history, and were vital to the civilizations throughout the Indus. - Ancient Indian science and technology (21581 bytes)
1: ...mechanical]] and [[production]] [[technology]], [[civil engineering]] and [[architecture]], [[shipbuildin...
16: ...], which blossomed to a highly precise science of civil engineering and architecture and found expression...
59: ...[[Bronze Age]] and the [[Iron Age]], to all other civilizations that followed. It is believed that the ba...
87: == Civil engineering & architecture ==
89: ...uring regions. In ancient India, architecture and civil engineering was known as '''sthapatya-kala''', li... - Britain in the Middle Ages (12239 bytes)
48: ...y himself. The conflict escalated to the level of civil war in [[1455]], in what to posterity has been kn... - Germany in the Middle Ages (53864 bytes)
3: ...19th century, they exerted influence upon Western civilization from its very beginnings.
178: ...rough various measures - like the introduction of civil marriage -, but without much success.
233: ...p d'鴡t collapsed, due to lack of support by the civil servants and the officers. Other cities were shak...
289: ... millions of people had been killed, most of them civilians, as the six million Jews murdered in the Holo... - History of Italy during Roman times (5004 bytes)
17: ==Civil Wars (1st century BC)==
19: ...ering the [[Gaul]] (present day [[France]]) won a civil war against [[Pompey]] but was assassinated by se...
29: ...ury]] Roman legions were mostly employed in brief civil wars (e.g. in [[68]], the ''year of the four empe...
33: ...n economic problems, [[barbarian]] incursions and civil wars led to an almost complete disintegration of ... - Massachusetts (31663 bytes)
67: ... each other; and of forming a new Constitution of Civil Government, for Ourselves and Posterity, and devo...
237: ... most data products considers towns to be [[minor civil division]]s, equivalent to townships in other sta... - New York (25691 bytes)
169: ...ew York]] served between the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] and [[World War II]] as a transmitting inte... - United States Declaration of Independence (23184 bytes)
44: ... Concerning the true original, extent, and end of Civil Government." - Culture of Ireland (27885 bytes)
12: ...ip|townsland]] system. In general, a parish was a civil and religious unit with a manor, a village and a ... - Culture of Spain (17671 bytes)
46: ...een almost entirely repressed since the [[Spanish Civil War]]. Spain joined the [[European Union]] in [[1... - Culture of Scotland (11420 bytes)
7: ...d advocates, and the judges of the high court for civil cases are also the judges for the high court for ... - List of U.S. military history events (12126 bytes)
15: *'''[[American Civil War]]''' (1861–1865)
19: *[[Samoan Civil War]] (1898–1899)
28: **[[Polar Bear Expedition]] ([[Russian Civil War]]) (1918–1919)
29: *[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade|Spanish Civil War]] (1936–1938) - Music history of the United States (35788 bytes)
24: ...e freed from [[slavery]] following the [[American Civil War]]. The music of these slaves was primarily A...
26: ...easingly popular, especially after the [[American Civil War]], when black and white soldiers worked toget...
54: ...ephen Foster]] and [[Daniel Emmett]]. During the Civil War, popular ballads were common, some used liber...
113: ...iated with [[hippie]]s and the anti-war movement, civil rights, feminism and environmentalism, parallelin...
122: ...l and funk, influenced by [[Black Power]] and the civil rights movement, that African Americans in [[Harl... - Music of the United States (1940s and 50s) (18910 bytes)
4: ...s]], with the [[Cold War]], [[Vietnam War]] and [[Civil Rights]] causing massive public unrest. Music be...
10: ...which opposed the [[Vietnam War]] and supported [[civil rights]] and other generally leftist causes. Whi... - Theater in the United States (12545 bytes)
26: ...2 people. Then, at the end of the [[United States Civil War]], [[Abraham Lincoln]] [[Abraham_Lincoln#Assa...
30: The Civil War ended much of the prosperity of the South, an... - Architecture (13950 bytes)
10: ...y of buildings and their types increased. General civil construction such as roads and bridges began to b... - History of Ancient Egypt (27975 bytes)
29: ...e views of scholars about the origins of Egyptian civilization. In the late 20th century archaeologists d...
31: ...ants of these people may well have begun Egyptian civilization in the Nile Valley. A recent [[gene|geneti...
84: ... back. Also, trade was established with [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] [[Crete]].
125: ...he disastrous defeat of this army brought about a civil war which resulted in Apries being replaced by [[...
131: ...tionship between Minoan civilization and Egyptian civilization is debated. The [[Battle of Kadesh]] is am... - United States Republican Party (30737 bytes)
19: ...834 but was defunct by the time of the [[American Civil War]].
47: With the end of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] came the upheavals of [[Reconstruction]] un...
59: ... to national Democratic Party's support for the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. The remaining pockets of libe...
69: ...Iraq]]. This marked just the third time since the Civil War that the party in control of the White House ... - George W. Bush (64926 bytes)
144: ...es]. Several organizations such as the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] have criticized Bush's faith-ba...
148: ... opposed civil unions, and said that the issue of civil unions should be left up to individual [[U.S. sta...
324: ...d midterm election since the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] that the party in control of the White Hous... - Franklin Delano Roosevelt (74009 bytes)
22: ...ing [[World War II]] and his failure to advance [[civil rights]] for [[African Americans]]. Some conserva...
89: ...; the [[Works Progress Administration]] and the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] to hire millions of unemp...
148: ...sidential election. A fight for Japanese-American civil rights would have meant a fight with influential ...
150: ==Civil rights and refugees==
154: ... good-natured, children. He did little to advance civil rights, despite prodding from Eleanor and liberal... - Holocaust (53541 bytes)
126: * 3.5–6 million other Slavic civilians
133: In [[Italy]] a law from [[1938]] restricted civil liberties of Jews, but after the fall of [[Mussol...
135: ...the roundups of 75,000 Jews. The [[Netherlands]] civilian administration and police participated in the ...
247: ... the Holocaust stands as a reminder that modern, "civilized" nations can engage in the most horrific of o...
250: ... manner of atrocities against both combatants and civilian populations, including extensive use of slave ... - Warren Court (6109 bytes)
2: ...gs, the legal status of [[racial segregation]], [[civil rights]], [[separation of church and state]], and... - Hernán Cortés (42809 bytes)
47: ...ns, he landed in the Yucatan Peninsula in [[Mayan civilization|Mayan]] territory. There, he met [[Jeronim...
79: ...been entrusted in 1535 with the administration of civil affairs, although Cortés still retained military...
87: ...ed to Spain in 1541, hoping to confound his angry civilians, who had brought many lawsuits against him (f...
151: ... does not exaggerate, except in matters of Indian civilization and the numbers of population as implied b... - Wonders of the Ancient World (11560 bytes)
41: === American Society of Civil Engineers ===
43: The [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] compiled a list of wonders of the mod...
44: ...N WONDERS AS COMPILED BY THE "American Society of Civil Engineers"-->
161: | [[Maya civilization|Maya]] [[Maya architecture|ruins]]
266: ...ern wonders compiled by the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] - Roman economy (23678 bytes)
27: ... to the imagery, especially during the periods of civil war. However, by the middle of the Empire, altho... - Mauryan (48769 bytes)
34: ...Nanda. He also managed to create an atmosphere of civil war in the kingdom, which culminated in the death...
64: ...civilian units, an estimated 100,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the furious warfare, including...
79: ...utilya]] in the [[Arthashastra]]: a sophisticated civil service governed everything from municipal hygien...
83: ...rk of regional governors and administrators and a civil service provided justice and security for merchan... - 18th century (8231 bytes)
11: ...tures of old empires, especially [[India]], where civil war enabled the British to take control of the en... - 18th century new (49640 bytes)
71: ...0]]: [[Mahmud I]] takes over Ottoman Empire after civilian unrest.
197: ...kuʻaho, plunges [[Tonga]] into half a century of civil war.
523: * [[John Smeaton]], civil engineer and physicist - Padua (12961 bytes)
38: ...zzelino was unseated in [[June]] [[1256]] without civilian bloodshed, thanks to [[Pope Alexander IV]], Pa...
45: ... governed by two Venetian nobles, a podest� for civil and a captain for military affairs; each of these... - Students for a Democratic Society (3884 bytes)
5: ...ntemporary society. It also advocated non-violent civil disobedience as the means by which student youth ...
11: ...t, SDS focused on peaceful efforts to promote the civil rights movement and improve the conditions of the... - American Association for the Advancement of Science (8017 bytes)
7: ...S. The AAAS became dormant during the [[American Civil War]] after their [[August]] [[1861]] meeting in ... - 1901 (12292 bytes)
118: ...]] - [[Donald Bailey|Sir Donald Bailey]], British civil engineer (d. [[1985]]) - Rice (13724 bytes)
77: ...with the loss of slave labor after the [[American Civil War]], and it finally died out just after the tur... - Vote (6234 bytes)
40: ...to confusion, at worst to [[violence]] and even [[civil war]], in the case of political rivals. - Washington, D.C. (43465 bytes)
77: ...til the outbreak of the [[American Civil War|U.S. Civil War]] in [[1861]]. The significant expansion of t... - Igor Stravinsky (26622 bytes)
107: ...[[Theodor Adorno]] calls Stravinsky an acrobat, a civil servant, a tailor's dummy, hebephrenic, psychotic... - Jerusalem (61585 bytes)
32: ... Roman rule, the city was ruined yet again when a civil war accompanied by a [[Great Jewish Revolt|revolt...
80: ... siege was eventually broken, though massacres of civilians occured on both sides, before the [[1948 Arab... - Saint Petersburg (36589 bytes)
140: ... in the [[October Revolution]], and the [[Russian Civil War]] broke out. The city's proximity to anti-re... - Madrid (20882 bytes)
22: ...the [[Second Spanish Republic]] and the [[Spanish Civil War]]. During this war ([[1936]]-[[1939]]) Madrid... - W.E.B. DuBois (740 bytes)
1: ...as an American sociologist, socialist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer a... - Ferdinand von Zeppelin (2659 bytes)
8: ...and participated as an observer in the [[American Civil War]] (from 1863), the [[Austro-Prussian War]] ([...
13: ...as Z1. From [[1909]], zeppelins also were used in civilian aviation. Up until 1914 the German aviation as... - Karl Marx (38076 bytes)
18: ...l social development to date, with an extensive [[civil service]] system, good universities, [[industrial...
25: ...'', mostly a [[critique]] of current notions of [[civil rights]] and political [[emancipation]]. It was i... - Livestock (24677 bytes)
5: ... traced to the beginnings of human [[civilization|civilisation]], when instead of hunting [[wildlife|wild...
15: ...throughout the world since the beginning of human civilisation. Some forms of livestock, such as [[goat]]...
225: ...location. During the period after the [[American Civil War]], the abundance of [[Longhorn cattle]] in [[... - Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (7198 bytes)
8: == Civil War experience ==
10: ...ted States Army]] at the outset of the [[American Civil War]]. He saw much action, from the [[Peninsula C...
12: One Civil War story involving Holmes is well known, but pro... - Assyria (13688 bytes)
52: ...Shamash-shum-ukin]], governor of Babylon, began a civil war in that year that lasted until 648, when Baby... - Bureaucracy (8428 bytes)
15: ...hereditary class of scribes that administered the civil-service bureaucracy.
19: ...present itself by means of the fully standardized civil service examination system, of partial recruitmen...
23: ...;if basically mistakenly—called ''"Weberian civil service"''.
32: ...of bureaucratization (especially in the [[Western civilization]]) - List of aircraft (2955 bytes)
21: * [[List of civil aircraft]] - Judiciary (4660 bytes)
3: *[[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] jurisdictions, courts interpret the law, bu...
7: ...trative cases, and the [[Court of Cassation]] for civil and criminal cases;
10: ==Differences between civil, socialist and common law==
11: ...is said that [[Justinian]] had the [[Corpus Juris Civilis]] compliled and all other decisions by [[jurist...
13: ...e like their English counterparts. At present in civil law jurisdictions in practice judges interpret th... - Justice (2487 bytes)
14: * [[Social justice|civil justice]] - Social justice (17329 bytes)
9: ...tential to develop into more complex and evolving civilisations. If simple survival is to be transformed ...
29: ...ias), but many of the ideas, sometimes renamed '''civil justice''', have been adopted by those who lie on...
73: *[[civilisation]] - Court (2910 bytes)
3: ...udicate]] disputes, and to dispense [[private law|civil]], labour, administrative and [[criminal justice...
19: ==Civil law courts==
20: In most [[civil law]] jurisdictions, courts function under an [[i...
22: courts operate: [[civil procedure]] for private disputes (for example); - Jurist (1660 bytes)
11: * [[civil law notary]] - Barrister (15976 bytes)
51: ...cticing before the courts, and [[civil law notary|civil law notaries]] or ''les notaires'' limited to mos... - Judge (10187 bytes)
17: ...]] of [[justice]] under the applicable rules of [[civil procedure]].
21: ...rained or not – having an individual vote. Civil cases, however, are heard exclusively by legally ...
23: ... common law jurisdictions retain the jury system, civil law has often abandoned the jury in favor of a ju... - Lawyer (33471 bytes)
2: ...e", "attorney", "[[barrister]]", "counsellor", "[[civil law notary]]" and "[[solicitor]]"—and many ...
8: ...) performed by other professionals, such as the [[civil law notary]] or even by non-professionals.
155: ... seeks to further the interests of legal justice, civil liberty and the legal profession itself. Members...
159: ...e based on [[Civil law (legal system)|continental civil law]], the situation in [[Europe]] is quite diffe...
177: ...(''notariusz''): whose job consists of mixture of civil law notary and notary public duties; - Inclined plane (3213 bytes)
6: In [[civil engineering]] the [[slope]] or [[ratio]] of rise/... - Articles of Confederation (19574 bytes)
92: ...2]] [[Nullification crisis]], the [[United States Civil War]], and the [[Supreme Court]]'s landmark ''[[B... - U.S. presidential election, 1988 (11192 bytes)
16: * [[Jesse Jackson|the Rev. Jesse L. Jackson]], [[civil rights]] activist
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