Talk:Michael Manley
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This is a reasonable summary, but I would question the phrase 'Though he was white'. Since Norman Manley was a Brown man, and Edna Manley had Coloured Jamaican ancestry, their son could hardly be 'White'. I don't believe he was ever considered White even in Jamaican terms ('Jamaican White'). joyousjam
It does not say 'Though he was white.' It says 'Though he was light-skinned.' There is a difference.
I'd call it mostly reasonable. I've updated it to make clear that Michael Manley and Edward Seaga exacerbated the culture of political violence, rather than inventing it.
Interesting
Any sources on Manley having "exacerbated" Jamaica's culture of street violence? I'm not contesting it, just curious. Also there is nothing in here about Manley's infamous dialogues with Henry Kissinger regarding the CIA's apparent shipping of weapons to, well, FURTHER exacerbate the ongoing violence in Jamaica during the 1970s. I'm too lazy to edit it in but I read about the conversation in Killing Hope, which is a blatantly left-wing, but mostly well-written, work.
Good question. I'd suggest that you take a look at the work of Obika Gray, whose two books on Jamaican politics chronicle and analyze its seamy side. Also, the work of Carl Stone (several different studies).
Partisan violence in Jamaica, between the PNP and JLP, began in the 1940s as the PNP reacted to JLP efforts to deny them the streets of Kingston. (Before 1943, and, really, for some time after, it was more the BITU than the JLP.)