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- Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
10: ...sh Civil War]] in the [[17th century]]. The [[Inclosure]] movement and the [[British Agricultural Revo...
12: ...ts were split up by local regions, which often imposed tolls and [[tariff]]s on goods traded among the...
14: From about 1100, the population of Europe rose, which is because there was recovery from the di...
16: ...became wealthy from overseas trade. Their social position grew greatly. The manufacturers were ready t...
24: ...eeding produced food with better quality. The Enclosure Movement also made poor farmers go to the town... - List of people by name: Ab (7347 bytes)
5: ...Abaco|Abaco, Evaristo]], (1675-1742), Italian composer and violinist
6: ...nk Abagnale|Abagnale, Frank]], (born 1948), US impostor and cheque fraud
14: *[[Abba Mari|Abba Mari ben Moses ben Joseph]], (circa 14th century), French rabbi
57: *[[Rosa Mustafa Abdulkhaleq|Abdulkhaleq, Rosa Mustafa]], (born 1976), Yemeni pilot
62: ...Abeille|Abeille, Louis]], (1765-1832), German composer - Jane Austen (5805 bytes)
3: ...rn canon]]. She stands as a model of the writer whose apparently sheltered life did nothing to reduce ...
5: ...n elder sister, Cassandra, to whom she was very close. The only undisputed portrait of Jane Austen is ...
7: ...[Gothic novel]]s of [[Ann Radcliffe]], Austen is most famous for her later works, which took the form ...
10: ...d characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with''.
12: ...e story, without a word of formal moralising. Almost every scene in her novels features women, purpor... - Sophie Germain (4906 bytes)
7: ...rticularly interested in [[Joseph Louis Lagrange|Joseph-Louis Lagrange]]'s teachings and submitted pap...
12: ... surmounting these obstacles and penetrating the most obscure parts of them, then without doubt she mu...
17: In [[1811]] Germain entered the [[French Academy of Science...
19: ...s, became quite significant as it restricted the possible solutions of [[Fermat's last theorem]]. - Apple (20408 bytes)
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Rosales]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Rosaceae]]}}
16: ...'' in the family [[Rosaceae]], and is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. Table apples are ...
27: ...o a greater degree than other tree fruit, except possibly [[citrus]], apples store for months while st...
34: ...of them have excellent flavor (often better than most modern cultivars), but may have other problems w... - James Madison (15187 bytes)
21: ...ve their northwestern territories (consisting of most of modern-day [[Ohio]], [[Kentucky]] and [[Tenne...
23: ...ith a [[bicameral legislature]]. When the issue arose of how states would be represented in the new Co...
27: ... essays that comprise the Federalist Papers. His most famous passage comes in Federalist No. 51:
31: ...s home state of [[Virginia]]. He successfully proposed the first ten [[amendment]]s to the Constitutio...
40: ... party, who were considered traitors when they opposed the war. - James Monroe (11107 bytes)
22: ...eland County, Virginia]], as an only child to a prosperous family, Monroe attended the school of Campe...
28: ...onary War]] veteran to serve as president, was almost uncontested in his two elections.
32: ...lings", in part because partisan politics were almost nonexistent. The [[United States Federalist Part...
34: ...y undiminished, followed nationalist policies. Across the facade of [[nationalism]], ugly sectional cr...
36: ...ce with independent countries in the Americas as hostile acts toward the United States. Monroe did not... - John Quincy Adams (11783 bytes)
22: ... admitted to the bar and commenced practice in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].
24: ...n merchant living abroad. Despite his father's opposition to him having a foreign-born wife, Adams wed...
28: ...ife lost to illness an infant daughter, born in [[1811]].
30: .... He is sometimes called the "Lone Wolf" for his positions during this time, because he often did not ...
32: ...emained the only American president unanimously chosen by the [[U.S. Electoral College|electoral colle... - Andrew Jackson (23546 bytes)
18: ...ackson, nicknamed "Old Hickory," was neither of those. He was the first president who had lived on the...
24: ... career by his own merits, and soon he began to prosper in the rough-and-tumble world of frontier law....
32: ...presentatives|House of Representatives]], which chose [[John Quincy Adams]] instead. The election was...
40: ===Jackson's opposition to the National Bank===
43: ...in the growth of the U.S. economy, but Jackson opposed the concept on ideological grounds. In Jackson'... - John Tyler (18019 bytes)
25: ..., who became [[Governor of Virginia]] ([[1808]]-[[1811]]), and followed his father as governor ([[1825]]...
27: ...er" and "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" are among the most famous in American politics. He assumed the pres...
54: ... or after him. His youngest child, Pearl, died almost exactly 100 years after the death of his eldest ...
58: ...tates Whig Party|Whig Party]] policies and work closely with Whig leaders, particularly [[Henry Clay]]...
69: ...f them will be willing to set an example, in the bosom of this Union, of such frightful disorder, such... - Geology (12007 bytes)
1: ...e [[science]] and study of the [[Earth]], its composition, structure, physical properties, history, an...
3: ... such as [[asbestos]], [[perlite]], [[mica]], [[phosphates]], [[zeolites]], [[clay]], [[pumice]], [[qu...
10: ...he [[mountain]]s and by [[Deposition (geology)|deposition]] of [[silt]].
12: ...ve for millennia. However, its interpretation of fossils was not overturned until after the [[Scientif...
18: ...dering [[rock strata]] (layers) by examining the fossils contained in them. - Paraguay (10959 bytes)
23: |'''[[Nicanor Duarte Frutos]]'''
32: |From [[Spain]]<br>[[May 15]], [[1811]]
41: |''[[Paraguayos, Rep?a o Muerte]]''
52: ...ng the local Spanish authorities on [[May 15]], [[1811]].
54: ...ountries, but the settlements in the region were mostly Paraguayan. The 35-year military [[dictatorshi... - Missouri (16086 bytes)
1: ...es/history/slogan.asp Show-Me] State''; the U.S. Post Office abbreviation for Missouri is '''MO''' and...
10: ... The Show Me State''<br/>[[List of U.S. state mottos|State motto]]: ''"Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto"'...
14: PostalAbbreviation = MO |
63: ..., [[Kansas]], and [[Nebraska]] (the latter two across the Missouri River.)
69: ...e focus of the great [[New Madrid Earthquake]] of 1811 - 1812. - Oregon (26551 bytes)
11: Governor = [[Ted Kulongoski]] |
12: PostalAbbreviation = OR |
36: ...ndaries of the [[Willamette Valley]], one of the most fertile and agriculturally productive regions in...
43: ...ded to support its increasing population without losing what attracts people to Oregon in the first pl...
49: ...gained control of all of the Pacific Fur Company posts. - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
65: * [[3rd century BC|200s BC]]: [[Crossbow]] in [[History of China|China]]
70: ...[[Clockwork]] (the [[Antikythera mechanism]]): [[Posidonius]]?
82: * [[673]]: [[Greek fire]]: [[Kallinikos]]
118: * [[1609]]: [[Microscope]]: [[Galileo Galilei]]
142: * [[1767]]: [[Carbonated water]]: [[Joseph Priestley]] - List of people by name: Y (12717 bytes)
19: ...amaoka|Yamaoka, Akira]] (born 1968), Japanese composer
26: *[[Bosa Yankovich|Yankovich, Bosa]]
42: ...2]]), [[Japan|Japanese]] [[video game]] music composer
47: *[[Joseph C. Yates|Yates, Joseph C.]], (1768-1837), U.S. lawyer, Governor of Ne...
69: *[[A. B. Yehoshua|Yehoshua, A. B.]], author of ''Mr. Mani'' - History of science (41710 bytes)
4: ...ntific''. Still, many place ancient [[natural philosophy]] clearly within the scope of the history of ...
6: ... [[theory|theories]] on established [[fact]], philosophy also enquires about other areas of knowledge,...
11: ...d on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they "produce" and "const...
13: ...nature of ''theory change'' in science. Three philosophers in particular who represent the primary pol...
15: ... lines of those in the scientific community and those in the social sciences or humanities (for exampl... - List of painters (54090 bytes)
28: *[[Oswald Achenbach]] ([[1827]]-[[1905]])
37: *[[Josef Albers]] ([[1888]]-[[1976]])
93: *[[Vladimir Baranoff-Rossine]] ([[1888]]-[[1944]])
150: *[[George Caleb Bingham]] ([[1811]]-[[1879]])
158: *[[Ross Bleckner]] ([[1949]]-) - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
15: *[[Joseph Aspdin]], British inventor of cement in 1824
34: *[[Joseph-Armand Bombardier]] — [[snowmobile]]
36: *[[Rudjer Boscovich|Ruđer Bošković]], (1711-1787...
42: *[[Robert Bunsen]], (1811-1899), [[Germany]] — [[Bunsen burner]]
51: ...[Arthur C. Clarke]], (born 1917),[[England]], [[geosynchronous satellite]] - Thomas Edison (20653 bytes)
5: ...which was a conglomerate of nine major film studios (commonly known as the Edison Trust).
7: .... [[Henry Ford]], the automobile magnate lived across the street at his winter retreat (The Mangoes). ...
10: ...overnment gave those who had been loyal to it. In 1811, three generations of Edison's took up farming ne...
16: ...eading the book [["Parker's School of Natural Philosophy"]].
18: ...s the Port Huron [[''Times-Herald'']]. [[Partial loss of hearing|Partially deaf]] since adolescence, h... - Timeline of United States history (1790-1819) (6951 bytes)
58: *[[1811]] - [[Battle of Tippecanoe]]
59: *[[1811]] - [[First Bank of the United States]] expires
66: ...]] - [[Hartford Convention]]; [[New England]] proposes [[secession]]. - January 17 (12233 bytes)
8: ...in [[James Cook]] becomes the first explorer to cross the [[Antarctic Circle]].
15: * [[1899]] - The [[United States]] takes possession of [[Wake Island]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]...
20: ...] - [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces capture the almost completely destroyed [[Poland|Polish]] city of [...
21: ...ration camp]] as [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces close in.
25: ...al more than $2 million from an armored car in [[Boston, Massachusetts]]. - Earthquake (13859 bytes)
1: ...uent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called [[intraplate earthquake]]...
4: ... majority of them are minor and cause no damage(those less than 5 on ritcher scale).
5: ...t of the earthquakes shaking is the dominant and most widespread cause of damage.
11: ...point at which the fault slip was initiated. The position of the focus is known as the "[[hypocenter]]...
13: Earthquakes, especially those that occur beneath oceans or seas, can give rise... - List of chemists (10401 bytes)
18: *[[Joseph Black]], (1728-1799), chemist
19: *[[Carl Bosch]], (1872-1940), German chemist
22: *[[Robert Bunsen|Robert Wilhelm Bunsen]], (1811-1899), German inventor, chemist
57: *[[Franz Joseph Emil Fischer]]
82: *[[Jaroslav Heyrovsk?1890-1967), Czech chemist - Wendell Phillips (1286 bytes)
2: ...nd in the same year, he opened a law practice in Boston. After being converted to the abolitionist cau... - Jefferson Davis (14427 bytes)
3: ... cabinet of President [[Franklin Pierce]]. He is most famous for serving as the only [[President]] of ...
8: ...vis's youth, his family moved several times, in [[1811]] to [[St. Mary Parish, Louisiana]], and in [[181...
23: ...ver, Davis's efforts proved unsuccessful, and he lost the election. The next year, he traveled around ...
42: ...dministration expired in [[1857]]. The president lost the Democratic nomination, which went instead to...
44: ...the Union on [[October 11]] in [[Faneuil Hall]], Boston, and returned to the Senate soon after. - Hernan Cortes (17441 bytes)
15: ...s reality in order to achieve his overarching purpose of gaining the favor of the king. Cortés applie...
20: ...ow known as [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]] ("True Cross") on Holy Thursday [[March 4]]. By establishing ...
22: ...gy is convincingly argued against by historian [[Ross Hassig]] in his book ''Time, History, and Belief...
27: ...e Tlaxcaltecas attacked his troops, but Spanish crossbows, broadswords, battle axes, horses, war dogs ...
33: ...; in Europe, only Constantinople was larger. The most common estimates put the population at around 60... - March 20 (10075 bytes)
10: ...sh; The "Great Fire" of [[Boston, Massachusetts |Boston]] destroys 349 buildings.
35: ...ndash; [[Ferdinand Marcos]]'s widow, [[Imelda Marcos]], goes on trial for [[bribery]], [[embezzlement]...
38: *[[1996]] – In [[Los Angeles, California]], [[Erik Menendez]] and [[Ly...
46: *[[1811]] - [[Napoleon II of France]], (d. [[1832]])
65: *[[1915]] - [[Sviatoslav Richter]], Ukrainian pianist (d. [[1997]]) - List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
61: *[[Yehoshua Bar-Hillel]], (Israel, [[1915]]-[[1975]])
76: *[[Joseph Louis Francois Bertrand]] (France, [[1822]] - ...
111: *[[Rudjer Josip Boscovich|Ruđer Josip Bošković]] ([[Republic of Dubrovnik]]...
163: *[[Paul Cohen|Paul Joseph Cohen]] (USA, [[1934]] - )
179: *[[Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham]] (UK, [[1842]] - [[1928]... - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
17: *[[Paul Oswald Ahnert]] ([[Germany]], [[1897]] – [[198...
39: *[[Aristarchus]] ([[Samos]], circa [[310 BC]] – circa [[230 BC]])
45: *[[Joseph Ashbrook]] ([[United States|USA]], [[April 4]]...
54: *[[Oskar Backlund]] ([[Sweden]], [[1846]] – [[191...
85: *[[Rudjer Josip Boscovich|Ruđer Josip Bošković]] ([[Dalmatia]], [[1711]] &n... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
1: ... non-philosophers important in the history of philosophy)'', '''listed alphabetically:'''
17: *[[Uriel Acosta]], (1585-1640)
21: *[[Robert Adams (philosopher)|Robert Adams]], (born 1937){{fn|O}}
38: *[[Albert of Saxony (philosopher)|Albert of Saxony]] (c. 1316-1390){{fn|C}}{{...
41: *[[Albinus (philosopher)|Albinus]] (c. 130) - War of 1812 (34444 bytes)
58: ... two future presidents for the U.S., and perhaps most consequentially, the war marked the end of Europ...
84: ...Treaty of Paris]], and was continuing to supply those American Indians in the [[Northwest Territory]] ...
86: .... Although this policy of [[impressment]] was supposed to reclaim only British subjects, between 1806 ...
90: ...stated the embargo with Great Britain and moved closer to declaring war.{{fn|3}}
92: ... against Great Britain for a variety of reasons, mostly related to the interference of the Royal Navy ... - Iodine (11416 bytes)
106: ...olspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | '''Most stable isotopes'''
139: ...eactive of the [[halogen]]s, and the most electropositive metallic halogen. Iodine is primarily used i...
156: *[[Nitrogen triiodide]] is an explosive, too unstable to be used commercially, but is ...
160: ...too much sulfuric acid and cloud of purple vapor rose. Curtois noted that the vapor crystallized on co...
162: ...esearch. He also gave some of the substance to [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]] ([[1778]]–[[1850]]), ... - Silicon (13233 bytes)
1: ...i | name=silicon | left=[[aluminium]] | right=[[phosphorus]] | above=[[carbon|C]] | below=[[germanium|...
40: ...|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de=0.221 | pn=32 | ps=[[phosphorus|P]] }}
44: ...etter semiconductor/dielectric interfaces than almost all other material combinations.
47: ...ts with [[halogen]]s and dilute [[alkali]]s, but most [[acid]]s (except for a combination of [[nitric ...
53: *[[Bronze]] - Most bronze produced is an [[alloy]] of [[copper]] an... - Dhole (1697 bytes)
12: ...s | author=[[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]] | date=[[1811]]}}
15: ...[species]] in the [[genus]] ''Cuon''. Dholes are mostly found in forest habitats in south [[Asia]], bu... - Timeline of chemical element discovery (10490 bytes)
3: ... elements have been known since time immemorial. Most have been discovered in historic times.
28: *[[1669]] - [[Phosphorus]] discovered by [[Hening Brand]]
35: *[[1755]] - [[Magnesium]] discovered by [[Joseph Black]].
39: **[[Oxygen]] discovered by [[Joseph Priestley]]. From the [[Greek language|Greek]...
44: *[[1782]] - [[Tellurium]] discovered by [[Franz-Joseph M?von Reichenstein]]. From [[Latin]] word ''Te... - Samuel F. B. Morse (8859 bytes)
3: ...ainter]] of portraits and historic scenes; he is most famous for inventing the electric [[telegraph]] ...
9: ...orse later accompanied Allston to [[Europe]] in [[1811]].
13: ...se over the telegraph, which he would ultimately lose.) Morse [[prototype]]d an [[electromagnetic]] [[...
21: ...aught painting. Gale was aware of the works of [[Joseph Henry]] on electromagnetic relays. Based on th...
26: ... ([[Maine]]) became a partner with Morse (and proposed a bill in Congress, which didn't pass, for a $3... - William Henry Harrison (11790 bytes)
18: ...general]] in the subsequent [[War of 1812]], his most notable contribution was a victory at the [[Batt...
25: ...which brought the [[Northwest Indian War]] to a close. Lieutenant Harrison was one of the signers of t...
27: ...nor of the newly formed [[Indiana Territory]], a post he held for 12 years, until [[1813]].
29: ...[confederation]] (see "[[Tecumseh's War]]"). In [[1811]], Harrison was authorized to march against the c...
31: ==Post-war political career== - Louisa Adams (3687 bytes)
5: ..., but her father was [[United States|American]]--Joshua Johnson, of [[Maryland]]--and he served as Uni...
7: ...ome in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]], their house in Boston, and a political home in Washington, DC.
9: ...in him, Louisa had to make a forty-day journey across war-ravaged Europe by coach in winter; roving ba...
11: ... contributed to her reputation as an outstanding hostess.
13: ...ion a gracious occasion although her husband had lost his bid for re-election and partisan feeling sti... - Anna Harrison (3660 bytes)
7: ...ott (1804), Benjamin (1806), Mary (1809), Carter (1811), Anna (1813), and James (died as an infant).
13: ...accompany him and act as hostess until Anna's proposed arrival in May. Half a dozen other relatives ha... - White House (15373 bytes)
12: ... chosen in a competition, which received nine proposals. [[James Hoban]], an Irishman, was awarded the...
18: ... in official context until President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] established the formal name by having "The...
22: ...e in what was (and still is, [[as of 2005]]) the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in ...
28: Those open houses sometimes became rowdy: in [[1829]]...
30: ...ns on New Year's Day and on the Fourth of July. Those receptions ended in the early 1930s. - John C. Calhoun (5703 bytes)
5: ...became the [[War of 1812]]. After the war, he proposed a [[Bonus Bill]] for [[public works]]. In [[181...
11: ...t, he replied, "Our Union; next to our liberties most dear." The break between Jackson and Calhoun wa...
13: ...ative South Carolina. The [[Force Bill]] was proposed by Congress prohibiting states from nullifying ...
30: ...Joseph Calhoun]]| after=[[Eldred Simkins]]| years=1811-1817}} - William R. King (5588 bytes)
5: ...ongress|Congresses]], serving from [[March 4]], [[1811]] until [[November 4]] [[1816]], when he resigned... - List of U.S. military history events (12126 bytes)
4: ...participated. The bolded items are the U.S. wars most often considered to be ''major conflicts'' by hi...
52: *[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (as member of [[IFOR]] and [...
54: *[[Kosovo War]] (1999)
69: *[[Tecumseh's War]] (1811)
70: *[[Little Belt Affair]] (1811) - Sea Lamprey (9084 bytes)
16: ...a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth, with which most species bore into the flesh of other fishes to s...
19: ...have one or two [[dorsal fin]]s, large eyes, one nostril on the top of their head, and seven gills on ...
23: ...feeding on the blood and tissues of the host. In most species this phase lasts about 18 months. Whethe...
27: ... be up to 18 months long—surely one of the most remarkable endurance events in the animal kingdo...
59: ***''[[Ichthyomyzon fossor]]'' (Reighard and Cummins, 1916) - Northern Br... - Steller's Sea Eagle (1501 bytes)
12: ...| author = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]] | date = 1811}} - Hernán Cortés (42809 bytes)
4: ...pain]], to a family of lesser nobility, Cortés chose to pursue a livelihood in the New World. He went...
10: ...ndo are all equally correct. The latter two were most commonly used during his lifetime, but the forme...
18: ...e and later in [[Hispaniola]], would give him a close acquaintance with the legal codes of Castile tha...
26: ...anlucai, and Seville, listening to the tales of those returning from the Indies, who told of discovery...
29: ... is rife with accounts of rivalry, jockeying for positions, mutiny, and betrayal. - Spinning mule (12067 bytes)
2: ...ule was developed in the 1830s. The mule was the most common spinning machine from 1790 until about 19...
11: ...elihood: there were frame-breaking riots and, in 1811-3, the [[Luddism]] riots. The preparatory and ass...
43: ...urned the spindles. None of this would have been possible using the technology of Crompton's time, fif...
48: ...g up, as the carriage moves back to its original position, the newly spun yarn is wound onto the spind...
64: ...at a rate of 6,000-9,000 rpm twist the hitherto loose fibres together, thus forming a thread. - Saint Petersburg (36589 bytes)
27: | [[Postal code]]: || 190000-199406
38: ...t city, a major European cultural center and the most important Russian Baltic Sea port.
40: St. Petersburg is the northernmost city in the world with over one million people. ...
50: ...s the "[[white night]]s." The white nights are closely linked to another attraction — the nine ...
56: ...[[Summer Garden]] (1710–1714). Much more imposing are the [[baroque]] [[residence]]s of his asso... - Oslo (11319 bytes)
2: name=Oslo|
4: county=Oslo [[ISO 3166-2:NO|NO-03]]|
6: capital=Oslo|
22: munwebpage=www.oslo.kommune.no|
25: ...slo and county (''fylke'') is the same entity. Of Oslo's total area, 115 km² is built-up and 7 km...
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