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Mary I of England (24813 bytes)
3: ...ight|thumb|220px|'''Mary I''' <br><small>Queen of England and Ireland</small>]]
8: ...cases reversed by her successor, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]].
13: ... Catherine's sixth and last child was a stillborn daughter.
17: ...her Francis I, who was eager for an alliance with England. A marriage treaty was signed; it provided that ...
19: ...acknowledged as "Supreme Head" of the [[Church of England]].
Elizabeth I of England (34338 bytes)
2: ...right|220px|'''Elizabeth I''' <br><small>Queen of England and Ireland</small>]]
7: ...d during a period of great religious turmoil in [[England|English]] history.
9: ...tal misalliances. Like her father [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], she was a writer and poet. She gran...
11: ... and seven [[baron|baronies]] in the [[Peerage of England]], and one barony in the [[Peerage of Ireland]], ...
16: ...ed in the line of succession after [[Edward VI of England|Prince Edward]] under the [[English Act of Succes...
Mary II of England (12093 bytes)
2: ...umb|right|175px|'''Mary II''' <br><small>Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland</small>]]
8: ...th her husband and first cousin, [[William III of England|William III]], who became the sole ruler upon her...
11: ...nne Hyde]]. Mary's uncle was King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]; her maternal grandfather, [[Edward ...
15: ... the [[Louis, the Grand Dauphin|Dauphin Louis]] — but afterwards approved, as a coalition with t...
20: ...mes Francis Edward Stuart|James Francis Edward]]—in June [[1688]], for the son would, unlike Mar...
William I of England (8753 bytes)
2: ...England.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''King William I of England'']]
7: ...in [[France]], William succeeded to the throne of England by right of conquest by winning the [[Battle of H...
16: ...was 22. Their marriage produced four sons and six daughters (see list below).
20: ==Conquest of England==
23: ...bably in [[1052]]) and that [[Harold Godwinson]], England's foremost magnate, had reportedly pledged his su...
Culture of England (4178 bytes)
1: ...t to which other cultures have influenced life in England.
6: ... the geographical region presently referred to as England. This results in the term being almost indefinabl...
10: ...sts presently working range from Lucian Freud and Damien Hirst.
12: Oil painting came comparatively late to England. Hans Holbein, an imported talent, is generally c...
14: And although Charles I of England built up a great royal collection of art, the dis...

Page text matches

List of explorers (24013 bytes)
8: *[[Francisco de Almeida]] ([[16th century]] [[Portuguese]] naval explorer...
14: *[[Charles Albanel]] (1616-1696), Canada
21: ...] naval officer, several expeditions to the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Arctic]]
23: ...]], first to sight the [[Pacific Ocean]], founded Darién, oldest surviving European settlement in the...
38: *[[Saint Brendan]] - [[Ireland|Irish]] [[abbot]] who sailed the [...
King Arthur (22450 bytes)
5: ... [[Cornwall]], or the west of what would become [[England]], but controversy over the centre of his power a...
9: ...little reason for him to have become a major legendary figure.
15: ...ed the later legends, like the [[Scots]] king [[Aedan mac Gabran]], who had a son called Artuir and wh...
19: ... [[Taliesin]] are possibly from a similarly early date: ''The Chair of the Sovereign'', which refers t...
23: ...]] by [[Caradoc of Llancarfan]], Arthur killed Gildas' brother Hueil, a pirate on the [[Isle of Man]]....
Christopher Columbus (44177 bytes)
1: ...lumbus''' ([[1451]]<sup>[[#Early life|1]]</sup> – [[20 May]] [[1506]]) ( ''Cristòfor Colom'' in...
5: ...led by [[João Vaz Corte-Real]] to Terra Verde (today's Newfoundland). [[Giovanni Caboto]] (better kno...
7: ... in the Bahamas) is celebrated as a [[Holiday|holiday]].
11: ...ome – including many [[Native Americans]] – view him as responsible, directly or indirectl...
21: ...ant, and his mother was Susanna Fontanarossa, the daughter of a woollens merchant. Christopher had thr...
David Livingstone (4684 bytes)
1: [[image:david_livingstone.jpg|thumb|right|David Livingstone]]
3: '''David Livingstone''' ([[March 19]], [[1813]] – [[May 1]], [[1873]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish...
6: ...the example of another Scot, Robert Moffat, whose daughter he later married, and joined the [[London M...
8: ...though she was pregnant – but returned to [[England]] with their children.
11: ...orial at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.jpg|thumb|right|David Livingstone memorial at [[Victoria Falls]]]]
Middle Colonies (4101 bytes)
1: ...erant. They had more [[agriculture]] than the New England colony. The Middle Colonies were also known as th...
5: ... ate a form of pudding called cornmeal mush every day of the year. [[Johnnycake]], bread made with co...
11: ...d less schooling than the average second grader today. The only book owned by many families was the [[...
13: ...iends and relatives along with [[gardening]], and dancing was popular among both women and men. From t...
Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
1: ...y industry and machine manufacture. It began in [[England]] with the introduction of [[steam engine|steam p...
3: The dating of the Industrial Revolution is not exact, bu...
10: ... institutional changes wrought by the end of [[feudalism]] in [[Great Britain]] after the [[English Ci...
16: ...so they invested in the production of machines in England.
22: ...able as there was privilege and monopoly. The abundant supply of coal and iron ore made the making of ...
Steel (28384 bytes)
8:
32: ...copper-smelting sites on the [[Sinai Peninsula]], dated to about 3000 BC. Some iron oxides are effect...
34: ...] died in [[1323 BC]] and was buried with an iron dagger with a golden hilt. An [[Ancient Egyptian]] [...
40: ...artifact is a knife found on [[Cyprus]] at a site dated to [[1100 BC]].
46: ...and weapons. A mass grave in [[Hebei]] province, dated to the early third century BC, contains severa...
Puritan (15882 bytes)
1: ...p of radical [[Protestants]] which developed in [[England]] after the [[Reformation]].
4: ...in the 17th century would be "[[Fundamentalism|fundamentalist]]": Puritanism was a movement rather th...
8: ...ervient to politics. Persecuted under [[Mary I of England]] ("Bloody Mary"), Protestants like [[Thomas Cart...
12: ...otestants. As a group, they wanted the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches ...
14: ...ed. Attempts by the [[bishop]]s of the Church of England to enforce uniformity of usage in the ''Book of C...
China (38909 bytes)
32: ...[Silk Road]] before it finally reached Europe and England. The Western "China", transliterated to [[Shina (...
34: ...low [[political divisions of China|provincial boundaries]]. In many contexts, "China" is commonly used...
38: ...hina]]" (中國大陸,''zhōngguó dàlù'' in Mandarin), especially when contrasting it with other, p...
45: ...hang]], who settled along the [[Huang He]] river, dating from the 18th to the 12th centuries BC. The S...
55: ...ist state]]—the People's Republic of China—that laid claim to be the successor state of th...
November 4 (10686 bytes)
2: ...p year]]s) in the [[Gregorian Calendar]], with 57 days remaining.
4: {{NovemberCalendar}}
7: ... captures [[Antwerp (city)|Antwerp]] (after three days the city was nearly destroyed).
9: ...e [[Mary II of England]] marries [[William III of England|William, Prince of Orange]]. They would later be...
35: ...�tien]] takes office as [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (35966 bytes)
2: ...beth II in an official portrait as [[Queen of Canada]] (on the occasion of her [[Golden Jubilee of Eli...
7: ...s]], [[Barbados]], [[Belize]], [[Canada]], [[Grenada]], [[Jamaica]], [[New Zealand]], [[Papua New Guin...
9: ... of England|Supreme Governor]] of the [[Church of England]], [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[UK Armed Force...
15: ... of York (n饠[[Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]), the daughter of [[Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of...
17: As a granddaughter of the British sovereign in the male line, ...
Adela of Normandy (2741 bytes)
5: ...her of both [[Stephen of England|Stephen, King of England]] and [[Henry of Blois]], [[Bishop of Winchester]...
7: ... She was the favorite sister of King [[Henry I of England]]; they were probably the youngest of the Conquer...
9: ...89]], making him one of the wealthiest men of his day. He was a proud and self-indulgent man, who had ...
15: # [[Stephen I of England|Stephen of Blois]]
22: ...ft Blois in [[1111]] to join his uncle's court in England.
Melisende of Jerusalem (16880 bytes)
5: Melisende was the eldest daughter of King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] and the...
11: ... in diplomatic correspondence. Baldwin raised his daughter as a capable successor to himself and Melis...
13: ...Maud, [[Henry I of England]]'s designated heir as England's next Queen regnant). Throughout the negotiation...
21: ...ons of infidelity was a public affront that would damage Melisende's position entirely.
37: ...hem. The result of this breach of treaty was that Damascus would never trust the Crusader states again...
Agnes of Courtenay (6051 bytes)
3: Agnes was the daughter of [[Joscelin II of Courtenay]], [[County o...
9: ...s questioned by supporters of Amalric and Maria's daughter [[Isabella of Jerusalem|Isabella]]. There w...
13: ...f [[Humphrey IV of Toron]] to Amalric and Maria's daughter Isabella; one of the terms of marriage was ...
15: ...10 years, while the Haute Cour and the kings of [[England]], [[France]], and [[Germany]] were to choose the...
20: ...nay]], [[Latin Empire|Latin emperor]], and [[Yolanda of Flanders]]. She married [[Geoffrey II Villhard...
Sibylla of Jerusalem (11497 bytes)
1: ...salem]] from [[1186]] to 1190. She was the eldest daughter of [[Amalric I of Jerusalem]] and [[Agnes o...
17: ...Bohemund, her political rivals, from marrying her daughter into the rival court faction, led by the Ib...
19: Sibylla bore her new husband two daughters, Alice and Maria. Initially Baldwin IV ves...
23: ...3]] allowed for the Haute Cour and the kings of [[England]], [[France]], and [[Germany]] to choose the next...
27: ...wing the precedent of Melisende, and as the elder daughter of King Amalric, Sibylla had the best claim...
Isabella of Jerusalem (7928 bytes)
3: ...n of Jerusalem]] [[1192]]–1205. She was the daughter of [[Amalric I of Jerusalem]] and his secon...
11: ...succession would be adjudicated by the kings of [[England]], [[France]], and [[Germany]]. The selection wou...
19: ...e King of France. It was his uncle [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lion-Hearted]], a close ally and frie...
23: ... (born [[1200]]), and one son, Amalric ([[1201]]–1205). King Amalric died in 1205, shortly befor...
25: ...er death in 1205, she was succeeded by her eldest daughter [[Maria of Montferrat]].
Isabella of Castile (4156 bytes)
2: ...used in modern Spanish) ([[April 22]], [[1451]] – [[November 26]], [[1504]]) was [[Kings of Cast...
5: ...l de Beaumont]]. Finally she was great-great-granddaughter to [[Nuno Alvares Pereira]], Count de Barce...
7: She was great-granddaughter of [[John I of Castile]] and his wife [[Ele...
8: ...nez Perez, and his wife Beatriz Pereira, countess da Barcellos.
10: ... Lancaster]], a half sister of King [[Henry IV of England]]. Her maternal grandparents were Prince [[Joao o...
Eleanor of Aquitaine (11927 bytes)
3: ...he was [[Queen consort]] of both [[France]] and [[England]] in her lifetime.
6: ...ad been arranged by his father and her mother, as Dangereuse was the long-time mistress of [[William I...
10: ... [[Loire]] to the [[Pyrenees]]: most of what is today the southwest of France. However, there was a c...
12: ...] from V麥lay, the rumored location of [[Mary Magdalene]]'s burial, dramatically emphasized the role ...
16: ...tence on conquest, the crusade leaders targeted [[Damascus]], an ally until the attack. Failing in thi...
Catherine de' Medici (7484 bytes)
3: ...dici family|Medici]]''' ([[April 13]], [[1519]] – [[January 5]], [[1589]]), born in Italy as '''...
5: Born in [[Florence, Italy]], she was a daughter of [[Lorenzo II de' Medici]], Duke of Urbin...
11: During the reign of her husband (1547–1559), Catherine lived a quiet and passive life...
13: ... she enforced a ban on thick waists at court attendance during the 1550s. For nearly 350 years, women'...
17: ...son, the duke of Anjou, to Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]], but that did not come about.
Mary I of England (24813 bytes)
3: ...ight|thumb|220px|'''Mary I''' <br><small>Queen of England and Ireland</small>]]
8: ...cases reversed by her successor, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]].
13: ... Catherine's sixth and last child was a stillborn daughter.
17: ...her Francis I, who was eager for an alliance with England. A marriage treaty was signed; it provided that ...
19: ...acknowledged as "Supreme Head" of the [[Church of England]].
Mary I of Scotland (27810 bytes)
7: ... of [[Scotland]] from [[December 14]], [[1542]] – [[July 24]], [[1567]]. She is perhaps the best...
9: ... lived at approximately the same time ([[1516]] – [[1558]]), and whose reign coincided with that...
17: ... during her time in France, and she and her descendants stuck with it.)
19: ...eir heirs to inherit the Kingdoms of Scotland and England. Two months later, Mary and her mother, who stron...
24: On the day of the coronation Mary was dressed in heavy rega...
Christina of Sweden (9364 bytes)
1: ... of [[Sweden]] from [[1632]] to [[1654]], was the daughter of King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]]. As...
14: <tr valign=top><td>'''Date of Birth'''<td>[[December 18]], [[1626]]
16: <tr valign=top><td>'''Date of Death'''<td>[[April 19]], [[1689]]
31: ...tes (clergy, burgesses and peasants) in the [[Riksdag of the Estates]] of [[1650]] for the reduction o...
39: The importunity of the senate and Riksdag on the question of her marriage was a constant s...
Elizabeth I of England (34338 bytes)
2: ...right|220px|'''Elizabeth I''' <br><small>Queen of England and Ireland</small>]]
7: ...d during a period of great religious turmoil in [[England|English]] history.
9: ...tal misalliances. Like her father [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], she was a writer and poet. She gran...
11: ... and seven [[baron|baronies]] in the [[Peerage of England]], and one barony in the [[Peerage of Ireland]], ...
16: ...ed in the line of succession after [[Edward VI of England|Prince Edward]] under the [[English Act of Succes...
Anne of Great Britain (22303 bytes)
3: | [[Image:queen_anne_england.JPG|right|thumb|150px|'''Anne''' <br><small>Queen...
8: ...[[8 March]] [[1702]]. On [[1 May]] [[1707]], when England and Scotland combined into a single [[Kingdom of ...
10: ...-operate. The [[Act of Union 1707]] (which united England and Scotland into Great Britain) was a product of...
15: ...t politician). Her uncle was King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], and her sister was the future Mary ...
17: ...tant [[Prince George of Denmark]], brother of the Danish King [[Christian V of Denmark|Christian V]]. ...
Mary II of England (12093 bytes)
2: ...umb|right|175px|'''Mary II''' <br><small>Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland</small>]]
8: ...th her husband and first cousin, [[William III of England|William III]], who became the sole ruler upon her...
11: ...nne Hyde]]. Mary's uncle was King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]; her maternal grandfather, [[Edward ...
15: ... the [[Louis, the Grand Dauphin|Dauphin Louis]] — but afterwards approved, as a coalition with t...
20: ...mes Francis Edward Stuart|James Francis Edward]]—in June [[1688]], for the son would, unlike Mar...
Victoria of the United Kingdom (38571 bytes)
7: ...h. Her reign lasted more than sixty-three years — longer than that of any other British monarch....
12: ...future King George IV), did marry, but had only a daughter, [[Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales]]. W...
14: ...French]]. Her educator was the Reverend [[George Davys]] and her governess was [[Louise Lehzen]].
20: ...f the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]'s descendants a separate family surname, [[Mountbatten-Winds...
25: ...ugustus I of Hanover|Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]], who became King Ernest Augustus of Hanover. ...
Anne Neville (4967 bytes)
1: ...]) was [[Queen consort]] of King [[Richard III of England]] [[1483]]-[[1485]].
5: ...], [[1456]], at [[Warwick Castle]], the younger [[daughter]] of [[Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick]] a...
9: ...s he had received for helping King [[Edward IV of England]] to the throne, had changed sides and allied him...
11: ... battle a few months later. Anne arrived back in England with her new husband and mother-in-law to find he...
15: The marriage of Anne Neville and [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]], took place on [[Ju...
Catherine of Valois (1918 bytes)
1: ...[3 January]] [[1437]]) was the Queen consort of [[England]] from [[1420]] till [[1422]].
3: ...f this marriage was the future King [[Henry VI of England]].
7: ...come the father of the future King [[Henry VII of England]].
Diana, Princess of Wales (29391 bytes)
6: date_of_birth=[[1 July]], [[1961]] |
7: place_of_birth=[[Sandringham]], [[Norfolk]], [[England]] |
8: date_of_death=[[31 August]], [[1997]] |
11: ...ten-Windsor]], n饠Spencer) ([[1 July]] [[1961]]–[[31 August]] [[1997]]) was the first [[wife]] ...
13: ...anthropic endeavours were overshadowed by a [[scandal]]-plagued marriage. Her bitter accusations of [[...
Elizabeth Woodville (6291 bytes)
2: ... was the [[Queen consort]] of King [[Edward IV of England]] from [[1464]] until his death in [[1483]].
6: ...to [[Margaret of Anjou]], Queen of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]. In about [[1452]], she married Sir [[...
12: ...dowager [[Duke of Norfolk|Duchess]] of [[Norfolk, England|Norfolk]]. Katherine had been widowed three times...
16: ...dden death in [[1483]]. The elder, [[Edward V of England|Edward]], had been born in [[sanctuary]] at [[Wes...
18: ...lost the title of Queen Mother and was called The Dame Elizabeth Grey. She and her other children wer...
Margaret of Anjou (3729 bytes)
1: ... [[1482]]) was the Queen consort of [[Henry VI of England]] from [[1445]] to [[1471]], and a major proponen...
3: ...n the province of [[Lorraine]] in [[France]], the daughter of [[Rene I of Naples]], Duke of [[Anjou]],...
14: ...y began raising an army in Wales and the north of England, where she was assisted by Henry's half-brother, ...
18: ...nce, and Margaret insisted that Warwick return to England to prove himself, before she followed. He did so...
20: ...ghter-in-law were ready to follow Warwick back to England, however, he had been defeated and killed by the ...
Marie Antoinette (40871 bytes)
2: ...er]] [[1755]] ? executed [[16 October]] [[1793]]) Daughter of [[Maria Theresa of Austria]], wife of [[...
4: ...-Antoinette was the fifteenth child (the youngest daughter; she had a brother one year younger) of the...
9: ... he would like the hand of the Empress's youngest daughter in marriage - Marie-Antoinette (much to the...
15: ...ria-Antonia should be sent to France to marry the dauphin.
17: ...rteen. The Empress's parting words to her sobbing daughter was, "Farewell, my dearest child. Do so muc...
Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (3681 bytes)
1: ...tor, Viscountess Astor''' ([[May 19]], [[1879]] – [[May 2]], [[1964]]) was a socialite politicia...
4: ...]] was the wife and model of the artist [[Charles Dana Gibson]], creator of the [[Gibson Girl]]. One o...
6: ...husband, [[Robert Gould Shaw 2nd]], then moved to England where in 1906, she married [[Waldorf Astor, 2nd V...
8: ...Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] candidate in the required by-election. Elected on [[Novem...
10: ...Winston Churchill]] as his replacement. Her son [[David Astor]], who became editor/owner of ''The Obse...
Aung San Suu Kyi (4196 bytes)
4: '''Daw Aung San Suu Kyi''' (born [[June 19]], [[1945]] ...
6: She is the daughter of General [[Aung San]], who negotiated Bur...
8: ...n Studies]], [[University of London]]. While in [[England]], Suu Kyi met and married [[Michael Aris]], a sc...
12: Heavily influenced by [[Mohandas Gandhi]]'s philosophy of nonviolence, Aung San S...
18: ...t each other." Aung San Suu Kyi proclaimed "a new dawn for the country." However on [[May 30]], [[200...
Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (2468 bytes)
2: ...gland|King James II]]) and befriended his younger daughter; Anne was a few years Sarah's junior. They...
6: ...] (1961-1997), Sarah sought to marry off her granddaughter [[Diana Spencer|Lady Diana Spencer]] (1710-...
8: ... Somerset|The Duchess of Somerset]] | years=1704–1710}}
11: ...daughter of [[Sir Winston Churchill]] and a descendant of the original Sarah.
Sonia Gandhi (4483 bytes)
7: ...lish language|English]] in [[Cambridge|Cambridge, England]] (not affliated to the [[University of Cambridge...
15: ... became Prime Minister. However, on [[May 18]], a day before her scheduled inauguration, unleashing a ...
17: ...In addition, she has also edited 'Freedom’s Daughter' and 'Two Alone, Two Together' (two volumes...
Mary Robinson (21825 bytes)
3: ...|1990 presidential election]] becoming, as a candidate of the [[Irish Labour Party|Labour Party]], the...
17: <tr><td>'''Other candidates:'''</td><td>[[Fianna Fᩬ]]: Brian Lenihan, TD...
23: ...]], [[County Mayo]] in [[1944]], Robinson was the daughter of two medical doctors. The Hiberno-Norman ...
25: ... studying in Trinity, founded by [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] and once a [[Protestant]], [[...
31: ...ich she was first elected, as an independent candidate, in 1969. From this body she campaigned on a wi...
Margaret Thatcher (46377 bytes)
7: – [[28 November]] [[1990]]
15: |'''Date of Birth:'''
19: |[[Grantham]], [[England]]
27: ...''Iron Lady''' in [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] propaganda (because of her vocal opposition to [[communism]]...
31: ...cially in the industrial heartlands of [[northern England]], and increased wealth inequalities. However fro...
Christabel Pankhurst (1631 bytes)
3: ...) was a [[suffragette]] born in [[Manchester]], [[England]].
5: ...tant]] action for the suffragette cause after her daughter's arrest and was herself imprisoned on many...
7: ...hwick riding but was defeated. Leaving her native England, she moved to the [[United States]] where she eve...
9: She was made a Dame Commander of the British Empire in 1936.
Emmeline Pankhurst (1950 bytes)
5: ...l Smyth]]. She was joined in the movement by her daughters, [[Christabel Pankhurst|Christabel]] and [...
Sylvia Pankhurst (3170 bytes)
5: ...was born in [[Manchester|Manchester, England]], a daughter of [[Dr. Richard Pankhurst]] and [[Emmeline...
15: ...gs of the International in [[Russia]] and [[Amsterdam]] and also meetings of the Italian Socialist Par...
Jane Austen (5805 bytes)
2: ...use in Chawton).jpg|thumb|House of Jane Austen (today it is a museum)]]
3: '''Jane Austen''' ([[December 16]], [[1775]]–[[July 18]], [[1817]]) was a prominent [[Englis...
5: ...ster, Hampshire|Winchester]] to seek medical attendance, but so rapid was the progress of her malady t...
12: ... view of life seems largely genial, with a strong dash of gentle but keen satire: she appeals rarely a...
34: *The History of England
Isak Dinesen (2959 bytes)
3: ...''. Blixen wrote works both in [[Danish language|Danish]] and in [[English language|English]]. She i...
5: ... [[Croix de Guerre]] while serving with the [[Canada|Canadian]] army in the [[First World War]].
9: ... to publish several other works simultaneously in Danish and English, mostly collections of short stor...
15: * ''The Hermits'' (1907, published in a Danish journal under the name Osceola)
16: * ''The Ploughman'' (1907, published in a Danish journal under the name Osceola)
George Eliot (6014 bytes)
3: ...an era]], whose novels, largely set in provincial England, are well known for their [[realism]] and psychol...
5: ...vate life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with [[George Henry ...
8: Mary Ann Evans was the daughter of an estate agent in [[Warwickshire]], bor...
10: ...career. Evans' cohabitation with Lewes was a scandalous matter. Lewes' wife refused to be divorced, ...
21: ...[Middlemarch]]''. By the time of ''[[Daniel Deronda]]'', Eliot's sales were falling off, and she fade...
Marie de France (1845 bytes)
1: ... de France''' was a [[poet]], in [[France]] and [[England]] during the late [[12th century]]. Little is kno...
3: ...arie de France" could be same as Eleanor's eldest daughter Mary, Princess of France and Countess of Ch...
Artemisia Gentileschi (23093 bytes)
3: ...ileschi''' ([[July 8]], [[1593]] - [[1653]]) is today considered one of the most accomplished Early [[...
10: ...elden]]. The picture shows how, under parental guidance, Artemisia assimilated the realism of [[Carava...
12: ..., so Orazio hired the Tuscan painter to tutor his daughter privately. The unfortunate effect was that ...
14: ...apped around the fingers and tighted by degrees — a particularly cruel torture to a painter. Bot...
18: ... Virgin Mary with Baby"''), currently in the [[Spada Gallery]], [[Rome]].
Nina Hamnett (3501 bytes)
1: '''Nina Hamnett''' ([[February 14]], [[1890]] – [[December 16]], [[1956]]) was an artist and w...
7: ... as the ''[[Salon d'Automne]]'' in Paris. Back in England, she taught at the [[Westminster Technical Instit...
21: Nina Hamnett died in London, England in 1965.
Ouida (1938 bytes)
1:
3: De la Ram饠was born in [[Bury St Edmunds]], [[England]], to an English father and a French mother. She...
16: * ''Held in Bondage'' (1863) (first published with the title ''Gran...
18: * ''Idalia'' (??)
33: * ''Wanda'' (1883)
Christine de Pizan (6645 bytes)
2: ...Pisan in fact was merely describing a standard feudal practice whereby the wife of a nobleman was expe...
13: ...n the occasion of the marriage of [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] with [[Isabella of France]] (1396), ...
15: ...d to her pretensions as a moralist. [[Henry IV of England]] desired her to make his court her home, and she...
19: ...des trois vertus'', or ''Le Tr鳯r de la cite des dames''. She was devoted to her adopted country. Dur...
21: ...obably took place about this time. Her ''Cite des dames'' contains many interesting contemporary portr...
Gertrude Stein (13569 bytes)
17: ... were visiting with [[Alfred North Whitehead]] in England. They returned to France and volunteered to drive...
54: ...means value, in the sense of overall lightness or darkness of a painting, Stein using a high proportio...
58: ...ere gay there, they were regularly gay there everyday," of which he contends that the, "effect would b...
60: ...te in long hand, typically about half an hour per day. Alice B. Toklas would collect the pages, type t...
61: Today, most manuscripts are kept in the [[Beinecke Lib...
Amy Johnson (2606 bytes)
2: '''Amy Johnson''' ([[July 1]], [[1903]] – [[January 5]], [[1941]]) was a famous English ...
8: ...t year and landed in [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin, Australia]] on [[May 24]] after flying 11,00...
10: ...]] [[1931]], she set the record for flying from [[England]] to [[Japan]] in a [[De Havilland]] [[Puss Moth]...
12: ...1932]], she set a solo record for the flight from England to [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]], also in a Pus...
18: ... [[De_Havilland_DH.88|De Havilland Comet]] in the England to [[Australia]] air race. Johnson was to divorce...
Phillis Wheatley (3014 bytes)
5: ...elina, Countess of Huntingdon]] and the [[Earl of Dartmouth]] helped with the publication.
14: ... by Geo. W. Light, 1834), also by Margaretta Matilda Odell
15: ...ects, Religious and Moral'' Published in 1773 in England
Jackie Cochran (7825 bytes)
4: ... age 14 left her home in [[DeFuniak Springs, Florida]], working as a hairdresser until she wound up in...
12: ...ished Service Medal (USA)|Distinguished Service Medal]].
16: ... She is the only woman to ever receive the Gold Medal from the [[Federation Aeronautique International...
18: ..., [[California]], Jacqueline Cochran flew a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[F-86 Sabre]] jet at an average speed...
20: ...ity in support of an Eisenhower presidential candidacy. The rally was documented on film and Cochran p...
Ada Lovelace (5406 bytes)
1: [[image:AdaLovelace1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Ada Lovelace]]
2: '''Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace''' ([[December 10]], [...
6: ...eed of Separation and left England for good a few days later. He never saw either again.
8: ...Annabella was fond of [[mathematics]] and taught Ada this art at an early stage of her life. She was p...
10: [[Image:Ada Lovelace.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Ada Lovelace]]
Rosalind Franklin (9829 bytes)
5: ...ioner (effectively governor) for the [[British Mandate of Palestine]]. Her aunt Helen was married to N...
9: ... It seemed she had little choice but to return to England.
12: ...nforming Wilkins of that fact. Wilkins was on holiday when Franklin arrived, and so he returned to fin...
15: ...and Franklin illuminating their X-ray diffraction data published in the same issue of ''Nature'' suppo...
18: ...ell have been deliberately exacerbated by John Randall. Watson has stated that Franklin should have di...
Lise Meitner (3907 bytes)
2: '''Lise Meitner''' ([[November 7]], [[1878]]–[[October 27]], [[1968]]) was an [[Austria]]n [...
10: ... completely unexpected; it took some study of the data and creative thinking to free her mind from the...
12: ...ess Club (USA) in 1946; received the Max Planck Medal of the German Physics Society, 1949.
14: Meitner died in [[Cambridge]], [[England]] in [[1968]]. Element 109 is named [[meitnerium]...
17: ..., Max von Laue on the Occasion of their 80th Birthday''. New York: Interscience.
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (3312 bytes)
3: ...[1836]]  [[17 December]] [[1917]]) was an [[England|English]] physician and [[feminism|feminist]], th...
5: ...edicine, an unheard-of thing for a woman in those days, regarded by some as almost indecent. Having o...
7: In 1866 she was appointed general medical attendant to St Mary's Dispensary, a London institution s...
9: ... medical degree of London University (the present-day [[University College London]]), which was opened...
11: ...ch Dr Anderson was the indefatigable pioneer in [[England]], extended in her lifetime to every civilized co...
Dorothea Dix (5868 bytes)
2: '''Dorothea Lynde Dix''' ([[April 4]], [[1802]]–[[July 17]], [[1887]]) (not to be confused with...
10: ...arranged to have her sent abroad to recover. In [[England]], she spent a year living on the estate of the R...
12: ... family-like asylum removed from the pressures of daily life. When she returned to the United states s...
18: ...like [[Florence Nightingale]] at the same time in England, she used this image to shame the powerful into a...
Florence Nightingale (15657 bytes)
3: ...|nursing]]. Each year, the [[International Nurses Day]] is celebrated on her birth anniversary.
11: ...nfirmary]] in [[London]] that became a public scandal, Nightingale became the leading advocate for imp...
19: ...46]]), a position he would hold again ([[1852]] – [[1854]]) during the [[Crimean War]]. Herbert ...
23: ...ctivity, and the [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]] foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Flore...
31: ...arly in November [[1854]]. In [[Scutari]] (modern-day [[ܳk? in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]) Nightingale ...
Clara Schumann (3372 bytes)
3: ...e Wieck Schumann''' ([[September 13]], [[1819]] – [[May 20]], [[1896]]), wife of composer [[Rob...
7: ...rly age with her father, the well-known piano [[pedagogue]] [[Friedrich Wieck]]. She had a brilliant c...
9: ...s works, but when in [[1856]] she first visited [[England]] the critics received Schumann's music with a ch...
11: ...bility was considerably rarer than in the present day, she was herself the composer of a few songs and...
14: ...r violin and piano. Inspired by her husbands birthday, the three Romances were composed in 1853 and de...
Tori Amos (27672 bytes)
3: ...s probably best known to the wider public for a [[dance]] [[remix]] of "[[Professional Widow]]", her s...
10: ...nd her difficulty with playing from sheet music – with Caton, [[Matt Sorum]] (later of [[the Cul...
13: ...hearing the edited version, and relocated Tori to England to launch the "new" album, which was released und...
33: ...rgirl Hotel'', but like that album featured overt dance music influences and a relatively subdued pian...
50: ===''Welcome to Sunny Florida''===
Grace O'Malley (3478 bytes)
6: ...and]], when [[Henry VIII]] was on the throne of [[England]]. Under the policies of the English government a...
7: Grace was the daughter of Owen Dubhdarra O' Malley, chieftain of the O'Malley clan. The...
14: ...ed for centuries in the O' Malley family and is today open to the public. They had one son, Tibbot Bur...
22: ...minally directing her raids against "enemies of [[England]]". She died in Rockfleet around [[1603]].
Mary, the mother of Jesus (30135 bytes)
17: ...e cross along with her sister Mary, and [[Mary Magdalene]], [[Salome (disciple)|Salome]] and other wom...
19: ...ople in the Upper Room after the Ascension on the day of [[Pentecost]], she is one of the handful who ...
25: ...French, Spanish, and Italian, is rendered ''Notre Dame'', ''Nuestra Señora'', and ''Madonna'' r...
27: ...ome Orthodox and Catholic Christians, she was the daughter of [[Joachim]] and [[Saint Anne|Anna]]. Bef...
41: ...too much attention is focused on Mary, there is a danger of detracting from the worship due to God alo...
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (8386 bytes)
2: ...), better known as '''Helena Blavatsky''' or '''Madame Blavatsky''' was the founder of [[Theosophy]].
5: ...aine]] (then part of the [[Russian Empire]]), the daughter of [[Colonel|Col.]] Peter Alexeivich von Ha...
15: ...inspiration from [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]]. Madame Blavatsky claimed that all religions were both ...
21: ...by Theosophists, and it is called White [[Lotus]] Day.
54: *''The Esoteric World of Madame Blavatsky'' by Daniel Caldwell [http://esotericworld.net]
Julian of Norwich (1710 bytes)
1: ...1413]]) is considered to be one of the greatest [[England|English]] [[mystic]]s. Little is known of her li...
Joan of Arc (27453 bytes)
2: ...le interest in the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Canada]], [[United Kingdom]] and [[United States]]. Many...
7: ...wn prince]]), and making the infant [[Henry VI of England]] the nominal king after [[1422]].
12: ...d they gave her male clothing to wear (as the standard disguise used in such circumstances) and brough...
14: ... small force she eventually led included the legendary soldiers, [[Jean de Dunois|Jean d'Orleans (Coun...
16: ... said would verify her legitimacy as a visionary—gained her the support of prominent clergy such...
Denise Bloch (2657 bytes)
11: ...humously, Britain awarded her the "[[King's Commendation for Brave Conduct]]." In France, posthumous h...
Edith Cavell (1802 bytes)
3: [[Image:Eca dead2.jpeg|thumb|234px|A propaganda image of Edith Cavell]]
7: ...se became an important article of British propaganda throughout the war [http://www.stephen-stratford....
Julia Child (8199 bytes)
2: '''Julia Child''' ([[August 15]], [[1912]] – [[August 13]], [[2004]]), born '''Julia McWill...
6: ...ca]] (U.S.), she grew up eating traditional [[New England]] food prepared by the family maid. After graduat...
28: ...]]'' sketch, she was affectionately parodied by [[Dan Aykroyd]], continuing with a cooking show despit...
30: ...and Food]] in California with vintner [[Robert Mondavi]] and others to "advance the understanding, app...
36: ...igned by her husband with high counters to accommodate her height and which served as the set for thre...
Odette Sansom (1906 bytes)
5: ... in [[Nazi]]-occupied France. She left her three daughters in the care of her husband.
Violette Szabo (2541 bytes)
3: ...[[Croix de Guerre|CdG]] ([[June 26]], [[1921]] – [[February 5]]?, [[1945]]) was a [[World War I...
5: ...e daughter of a [[France|French]] mother and an [[England|English]] father, born '''Violette Bushell''' in ...
9: ...German communication lines in preparation for [[D-Day]]. However, she was eventually betrayed and arre...
Tallulah Bankhead (6331 bytes)
4: ...emocrat from Alabama [[1931]]-[[1946]]), and granddaughter of Senator [[John H. Bankhead]] ([[1842]]-[...
10: ... the [[West End (of London)|West End]]'s -- and [[England]]'s -- best-known celebrities.
14: Nevertheless, [[David O. Selznick]] called her the "first choice amo...
24: ...-a-day consumption of [[bourbon whiskey|Old Grand Dad]] -- continued unabated. And behavior that was e...
61: *[[A Royal Scandal]] (1945)
Ingrid Bergman (5216 bytes)
1: '''Ingrid Bergman''' ([[August 29]], [[1915]] – [[August 29]], [[1982]]) was an [[Academy Awar...
3: ... a dozen films in Sweden, Bergman was signed by [[David O. Selznick]] to star in the remake of [[Inter...
7: ...rgman was branded as "Hollywood's apostle of degradation." One of Rossellini's and Bergman's children...
9: ...6 movie)|Anastasia]]'', Bergman made her post-scandal return to Hollywood and won Best Actress for a s...
13: ...er]] on her birthday in [[1982]] in [[London]], [[England]]. She was cremated in Sweden, her ashes scattere...
Ava Gardner (4142 bytes)
2: '''Ava Gardner''' ([[December 24]], [[1922]] – [[January 25]], [[1990]]) was an [[United Stat...
8: ... She lost to [[Audrey Hepburn]] in ''[[Roman Holiday]]''. Many thought Gardner's greatest performanc...
12: ...enses. She died of [[pneumonia]] in [[London]], [[England]].
22: * [[Sunday Punch]] (1942)
66: * [[55 Days at Peking]] (1963)
Katharine Hepburn (23170 bytes)
2: ...d her 13th nomination for ''[[Adaptation (movie)|Adaptation]]''. Hepburn won an [[Emmy Award]] in [[1...
5: ...father was a staunch proponent of publicizing the dangers of [[venereal disease]] in a time when such ...
7: ...ater be recognized for her athletic physicality — she fearlessly performed her own pratfalls in ...
12: ...n and Smith's marriage was rocky from the start — she insisted he change his name to S. Ogden Lu...
21: ...zon]] princess in [[The Warrior's Husband]] (an update of ''[[Lysistrata]]''), which debuted to excell...
Vivien Leigh (4286 bytes)
3: ...he Convent of the Sacred Heart in [[Roehampton]], England, along with fellow actress-to-be [[Maureen O'Sull...
5: ... [[1932]] to Herbert Leigh Holman, and they had a daughter, Suzanne, in [[1933]].
7: ... late [[1938]], when filming began. [[Paulette Goddard]] was close to be cast as [[Margaret Mitchell]]...
24: *''[[Fire Over England]]'' ([[1937]])
25: *''[[Dark Journey]]'' ([[1937]])
Marilyn Monroe (30186 bytes)
2: '''Marilyn Monroe''' ([[June 1]], [[1926]] – [[August 5]], [[1962]]) was an [[United States...
6: ... her true biological father. The most likely candidate for a while seemed to be [[Charles Stanley Giff...
8: ...r cruelly, corrected her. After Marilyn's death, Ida claimed that she and Wayne had seriously consider...
10: ...t never hugged or kissed her, or even smiled. One day, Gladys announced that she had bought a house fo...
12: ...herty, who would become her first husband. The Goddard family was moving to the [[East Coast of the Un...
Julie Andrews (8700 bytes)
3: Dame '''Julie Andrews, [[DBE]]''' (born [[October 1]...
5: ...tarred in [[Rodgers & Hammerstein]]'s television adaptation of ''[[Cinderella]]''.
7: ...nry Higgins]] in ''[[My Fair Lady]]'' (a musical adaptation of [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s ''[[Pygmalion...
11: ...s to the decline of the movie musical. Both were damaging to Andrews' subsequent career and, despite ...
15: ...e a [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]], becoming Dame Julie Andrews. Since then she has been struggli...
Suzanne Lenglen (11495 bytes)
3: ...ne Rachel Flore Lenglen''' ([[24 May]] [[1899]] – [[4 July]], [[1938]]) was a [[France|French]] ...
8: ...hief at various places on the court, to which his daughter had to direct the ball.
10: ... fought three-set match: 5–7, 6–4, 6–3. That same year she won the International Cla...
14: ...h points and winning in 10–8, 4–6, 9–7 to take her first Grand Slam victory.
18: ... with [[Elisabeth d'Ayen]]), and won the bronze medal after their opponents withdrew.
Ellen MacArthur (3652 bytes)
2: ...[[sailor]] from [[Whatstandwell]] near [[Matlock, England|Matlock]] in [[Derbyshire]], now based in [[Cowes...
14: ... around one and a quarter hours, after over seven days of sailing.
16: ...ecord set by French sailor [[Francis Joyon]] by 1 day, 8 hours, 35 minutes, 49 seconds.
18: ...nder]] of the [[Royal Naval Reserve]] on the same day.
20: ...record for a single-handed circumnavigation is 71 days 14 hours 18 minutes 33 seconds, during which sh...
Martina Navratilova (16246 bytes)
9: ...rst professional singles title in [[Orlando, Florida]] in [[1974]].
33: ...t title came on August 21, [[2005]], at the [[Canada Masters|Rogers Cup]] in [[Toronto]], where she wo...
63: 1983 Australian Open Kathy Jordan 6-2, 7-6
164: ...mbledon''', Avon Championships, Oakland, Houston, Dallas, Chicago, Richmond, Atlanta, Phoenix, Brighto...
167: ...hips, Kansas City, Chicago, Los Angeles, Oakland, Dallas, Amelia Island, Orlando, Montreal, Richmond, ...
African Lily (1955 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Liliopsida]]}}
24: ...e greenhouse plant and is hardy in the south of [[England]] and [[Ireland]] if protected from severe frosts...
Iris (plant) (13374 bytes)
6: ...x_classis_entry | taxon = [[monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Iridaceae]]}}
9: ...axobox authority|author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]|date = [[1753]]}}
28: ...species, such as ''I. germanica, fiorenhina, pallida, variegata, amoena, flavescens, sambucina, neglec...
30: ...To this set belong ''milifolia'', ''junonia'', ''danfordiae'', ''reichenbachii'' and others which flo...
Apple (20408 bytes)
6: ..._classis_entry | taxon = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]}}
44: ...Bramley]]': [[Southwell]], [[Nottinghamshire]], [[England]] (about 1809)
58: *'[[Idared]]': [[Idaho]] (1942)
63: *'[[McIntosh]]': [[Canada]] (1811)
91: ...rf]] rootstocks are generally more susceptible to damage from wind and cold. Full dwarf trees are ofte...
Rose (15436 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliopsida]]}}
10: ...box authority | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]| date = [[1753]] }}
27: ...d, but a few (e.g. ''Rosa pimpinellifolia'') have dark purple to black hips. Each hip comprises an out...
29: ...reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown [[sand]] and so reduce ...
33: ...originates from [[Persian language|Persian]] *''vrda''- via Greek ''rhodon'' "rose" (Aeolic ''wrodon''...
Locomotive (16705 bytes)
1: ...]], at [[Bristol Temple Meads]] station, Bristol, England]]
5: ...ives haul their trains. Increasingly common these days in passenger service is [[push-pull]] operation...
25: ...] [[4-6-2|Pacific]] locomotive of the [[LNER]] in England, number 4468 ''[[LNER 4468 Mallard|Mallard]]'', w...
27: ...wo and a half times that of diesel power, and the daily mileage achievable was far lower. As labour co...
29: ...e in [[China]], where [[coal]] is a much more abundant resource than [[petroleum]] for diesel fuel. In...
Spleen (4479 bytes)
9: ...e hearts in relation to their body size to accommodate the higher-viscosity blood that results. Some ...
16: ...wever the organ is called "Milz". In 19th century England women in bad humour were said to be afflicted by ...
Back (949 bytes)
10: * At [[Cambridge]], in England, '''The Backs''' (in the plural and with a capita...
Beehive (beekeeping) (7741 bytes)
4: ...onal manufacture of ''skeps'' from [[straw]] in [[England]]]]
5: ...ally destroyed the hives, though there were some adaptations with extra top baskets which could be rem...
27: ...h, Langstroth, Modified Commercial and Modified Dadant, top-bar or Kenya-type hives, plus regional var...
31: ...nted his design in 1860 and it has become the standard style hive for 75% of the world's beekeeping.
35: Langstroth hives make use of standardized sizes of hive bodies and frames to ensure t...
Renaissance (14795 bytes)
1: ... revolution]] and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern [[history of Europe|European history]...
7: ...[Image:Vitruvian.jpg|right|thumb|180px|[[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s [[Vitruvian Man]], an example of the bl...
10: ...historians like [[Charles H. Haskins]] ([[1870]]–[[1937]]), who made a convincing case for a "Re...
19: ...the [[poet]] [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] ([[1265]]–[[1321]]), the first writer to embody the spiri...
21: ...n a period of social rot which he labeled the ''[[Dark Ages]]''. Petrarch saw history as social, art a...
Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...ca]]'' in [[1687]] by [[Isaac Newton]]. These boundaries are not uncontroversial, with some claiming t...
7: ...es may arise from lack of recognition of these fundamental differences.
31: ...ar to fill fourteen centuries, and the other candidates are few:
36: ... extending to the early 17th century, are the raw data on which are built the theoretical studies of h...
40: ...ts for a means of creating a more accurate [[calendar]] for its activities. For almost two millennia,...
Middle Ages (21063 bytes)
1: .... The Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the [[Western Roman Empire]] (...
6: ...he migrations has historically been termed the "[[Dark Ages]]" by Western European historians. That te...
12: ...ul]] and western [[Germany]], and [[Saxons]] in [[England]]. These lands remained Christian, and their [[Ar...
16: ...feudal nobles. Well known examples of such consolidation include the [[Albigensian Crusade]] and the [...
18: ...cal obligations, known as [[feudalism]] or the feudal
Medieval art (6359 bytes)
1: ...f the Holy Wisdom]] in former [[Constantinople]]—the image of Christ on the walls of the upper s...
27: ...f artwork was destroyed; so little remains that today any discovery sheds new understanding. After 843...
29: ...thic]] in England (1332), [[Decorated Gothic]] in England (1285), and [[Flamboyant Gothic]] in France (1370...
85: **[[Dancing in the Middle Ages]] ([[Dance]])
Mosaic (6524 bytes)
5: ...c laid in AD 325 at Woodchester, Gloucestershire, England.]]
18: ...e [[4th century]], wall and ceiling mosaics were adapted to Christian uses. The greatest development o...
22: ...f Iraq]] the mosaic was replaced with one of [[Saddam Hussein]].
Pottery (17136 bytes)
8: ... remains of non-literate cultures and help in the dating of some historic cultures as well.
21: ...y virtually identical plates, vases or bowls in a day. Because of its nature, wheel work can only be u...
50: ..., as the kiln must be stoked for as long as a few days, but the pieces which emerge often have charact...
52: The western adaptation of [[Raku]] firing, a traditional [[Japane...
68: ...nds has been dated, by uncalibrated [[radiocarbon dating]], to around the [[11th millennium BC]], in t...
Sculpture (5545 bytes)
37: ...e writings, [[Joan Mir󝝠even proposed that some day sculptures might be made of gases; see [[gas scu...
41: ...x|right|A tree sculpture at Bristol Zoo, Bristol, England. This was sculpted with a chain saw from a standi...
63: ...Angel Botello]] at ''La Ventana al Mar'', [[El Condado, Puerto Rico]]]]Some of the forms of sculpture ...
77: ..., through [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and the [[Renaissance]] masters, to moder...
87: ...n body and develop skills that will provide a foundation for making clothed figurative work.
Glass (26176 bytes)
1: ...was originally, which can be seen in its [[conchoidal]] fracture.
5: ... will be concerned with a specific type of glass—the [[silica]]-based glasses in common use as a...
20: ...s is due to the addition of compounds such as [[soda ash]] (sodium carbonate).
30: ...he melting point to about 1000 ?C. However, the soda makes the glass water-soluble, which is obviously...
32: ...ass that absorbs [[UV]] wavelengths (biologically damaging ionizing radiation).
Pre-historic art (9744 bytes)
15: ... [[Japan]] were the first to develop [[pottery]], dating to the [[11th millennium BC]]. The Jōmon...
17: ...G?li Tepe]] near [[Urfa]] in eastern [[Turkey]], dating to ca. [[10th millennium BC]].
18: ... at the [[Iron Gorge]], [[Serbia and Montenegro]] date to the [[7th millennium BC]] and represent eith...
22: ...lands]], in [[Portugal]], and in [[Wiltshire]], [[England]], the area of Stonehenge, the [[Avebury, Wiltshi...
26: Rock art, showing scenes from the daily life and religious rituals have been found in ...
Heraldry (23465 bytes)
28: ...of two metals (light tinctures) and five colours (dark tinctures), although there are a number of othe...
69: ...e custom in English [[blazon]] was to reduce redundancy by referring to a particular tincture only onc...
92: ...legs), salient (leaping), sejant (sitting) and gardant (looking at the viewer). There are humans as we...
94: .... Circles are generally called "roundels", but in England instead of being described "a roundel vert", they...
104: ...xample of a triple fimbriation.[http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Sig/86SignalBattalion.htm]) The fil...
Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
1: ...D 1407 on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. The Bible was hand written in Belgium, by Gerard...
2: ...Greek language|Greek]] καλλο&sigmaf; ''kallos'' "beauty" + γ&r...
8: ...and widely practiced throughout [[China]] to this day. Although it uses Chinese words as its vehicle o...
12: ..."). All five styles of writing are still in use today.
18: ...g|right|thumbnail|200px|Chu Sui Liang's ([[595]]–[[658]]) ''Meng Fa Shi Bei'']]
Illuminated manuscript (5973 bytes)
10: ...407AD, on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. The Bible was hand written in Belgium, by Gerard...
13: ...ate for various times in the [[liturgy|liturgical day]].
18: ... tastes. The sturdy Roman letters of the early [[Dark Ages]] gradually gave way to cursive scripts su...
Printing (4400 bytes)
6: [[Book]]s are usually printed today using the technique of [[offset printing]], and ...
11: ...d using the more sophisticated [[block printing]] dates from 868 AD (The ''[[Diamond Sutra]]'' of AD [...
15: ...an imported press in Mexico City, Mexico. Stephen Day built the first printing press in North America ...
39: * [[Adam d'Ambergau]]
40: * [[David Bruce]]
Silk (8683 bytes)
25: ... made of it outlast those made of ordinary silk — commonly lasting fifty years or more.
27: ... and is, therefore, more comfortable to wear. Nowadays, it is mainly sought after for the highest-qual...
33: [[James I of England]] introduced silk growing to the American colonie...
Weaving (6924 bytes)
3: ...n other [[dobby loom]]s and the Jacquard harness adaptation was reserved for more complex patterns. T...
24: ... flax to Britain and buy finished cloth back from England. Nonetheless, many people wove cloth in Colonial...
Carpet (15753 bytes)
10: ...pean flatwoven carpets include Venetian, Dutch, [[damask]], list, [[haircloth]], and [[ingrain]] (aka ...
16: ...Jacquard loom]]) in 1812 in France and c. 1825 in England. The addition of steam power in the mid-19th cen...
19: ...ermany in 1804. They became extremely popular in England in the 1830s.
39: ...ld is called the "Pazyryk Carpet,". It is usually dated to the 5th century BC. It was excavated by [[S...
48: ...ppear in paintings (notably from Italy, Flanders, England, France, and the Netherlands). Carpets of Indo-Pe...
Culture (23440 bytes)
6: Many people today use a conception of "culture" that developed in ...
10: ...and [[value]]s; but rather that only a single standard of refinement suffices, against which one can m...
14: Today most social scientists reject the [[monadic]] co...
19: ...[[anthropology|anthropologists]] had adopted and adapted the term ''culture'' to a broader definition ...
21: ...s a supplement to it, as the main means of human adaptation to the world.
Cor anglais (2674 bytes)
9: ...to keep their reeds moist and to prevent moisture damage to their instrument by swabbing it out freque...
15: ...e its name, the instrument is not thought to be [[England|English]] in origin. A common explanation of the ...
Pipe organ (24478 bytes)
1: ... pipes. Many large installations will have a secondary set of pipes in the choir loft, at the opposite...
5: ...[pedalboard]]. Three, four or five manuals plus pedals is not uncommon for a larger instrument.
7: ...nly found in [[church]]es, and in some [[Reform Judaism|reformed synagogues]]. They are also found in ...
11: ...date the text of the heading in any way, please update the link too.-->
31: ...it played. In archaeological excavations near [[Budapest]] in Hungary (the ancient [[Pannonia]]) a Rom...
Sheng (instrument) (1217 bytes)
1: ...x|A Sheng player beside the River Thames, London, England.]]
George Washington (29551 bytes)
6: | date1=[[April 30]], [[1789]]
7: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1797]]
9: | succeeded=[[John Adams]]
10: | date of birth=[[February 22]], [[1732]]
13: | date of death=[[December 14]], [[1799]]
John Hancock (8787 bytes)
5: ...; [[October 8]], [[1793]] <small>[[Gregorian calendar|(N.S.)]]</small>) was President of the [[Contine...
8: ...s uncle's business. Shortly after his return from England, his uncle died and he inherited the fortune and ...
15: ...d, paper and tea. In [[1768]], upon arriving from England, his [[sloop]] ''Liberty'' was impounded by Briti...
17: ... led Bostonians to joke that "[[Samuel Adams|Sam Adams]] writes the letters [to newspapers] and John H...
19: ...ed they could be ready to fight in sixty seconds—and his boycott of [[tea]] imported by the [[Br...
John Adams (18716 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=John Adams
3: | image name=johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1797]]
6: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1801]]
9: | date of birth=[[October 30]], [[1735]]
Thomas Jefferson (31127 bytes)
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1801]]
6: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1809]]
7: | preceded=[[John Adams]]
9: | date of birth=[[April 13]], [[1743]]
12: | date of death=[[July 4]], [[1826]]
James Madison (15187 bytes)
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1809]]
6: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1817]]
9: | date of birth=[[March 16]], [[1751]]
12: | date of death=[[June 28]], [[1836]]
18: ... [[June 28]], [[1836]]) was the fourth ([[1809]]–[[1817]]) [[President of the United States|Pres...
John Quincy Adams (11783 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=John Quincy Adams
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1825]]
6: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1829]]
9: | date of birth=[[July 11]], [[1767]]
12: | date of death=[[February 23]], [[1848]]
Martin Van Buren (21629 bytes)
6: ...Term of Office:'''</td><td>[[March 4]], [[1837]]–[[March 4]], [[1841]]</td></tr>
9: <tr><td>'''Date of Birth'''</td><td>[[December 5]], [[1782]]</t...
11: <tr><td>'''Date of Death:'''</td><td>[[July 24]], [[1862]]</td>...
15: <br>(daughter-in-law, widowed)</td></tr>
22: ...Declaration of Independence]], the first of non-[[England|Anglo descent]], and the only whose [[first langu...
Abraham Lincoln (48771 bytes)
13: | [[March 4]], [[1861]] – [[April 15]], [[1865]]
19: | '''Date of birth:''' || [[February 12]], [[1809]]
24: | '''Date of death:''' || [[April 15]], [[1865]]
42: ... '''Great Emancipator''', was the 16th ([[1861]]–[[1865]]) [[President of the United States]], a...
44: ... U.S. forts and other properties within their boundaries. These events soon led to the [[American Civi...
Ulysses S. Grant (23281 bytes)
6: ...erm of Office:'''</td><td>[[March 4]], [[1869]] – [[March 3]], [[1877]]</td></tr>
9: <tr><td>'''Date of Birth'''</td><td>[[April 27]], [[1822]]</td>...
11: <tr><td>'''Date of Death:'''</td><td>[[July 23]], [[1885]]</td>...
17: ;[[Schuyler Colfax]] ([[1869]]–[[1873]])
18: ;[[Henry Wilson]] ([[1873]]–[[1875]])</td></tr>
Prime Meridian (3211 bytes)
2: ...[[Royal Greenwich Observatory]], [[Greenwich]], [[England]]; it is the meridian at which longitude is 0 deg...
10: # All countries would adopt a universal day.
11: ... universal day would be a [[solar time|mean solar day]], beginning at the mean midnight at Greenwich a...
12: # That nautical and astronomical days everywhere would begin at mean midnight.
17: The [[International Date Line]] (the jagged red line down the right side...
Geology (12007 bytes)
1: ...k]] γη- (''ge-'', "the earth") and λογο&sigmaf; (''logos'', "wo...
14: ...cookers, transport of [[ore]]s, extraction of [[soda]], [[sulfur]] and [[alum]], and administrative is...
24: ...ogist)|William Smith]]'s stratigraphic studies on England and Scotland.
26: ...out the Earth's history and are still occurring today. In contrast, [[Catastrophism|catastrophism]] is...
29: ...ianism, which influenced the thought of [[Charles Darwin]].
Australia (39438 bytes)
25: population_density_rank = —|
28: established_dates=From the [[United Kingdom|UK]]:<br>[[1 January...
32: utc_offset=+8–+10|
34: utc_offset_DST=+8–+11|
54: ...glish to use the word "Australia" was [[Alexander Dalrymple]] in his ''An Historical Collection of Voy...
Americas (7154 bytes)
23: ...me ''America'' for the continents of the Americas dates from [[1507]]. It appears on a globe and a la...
25: ...anced [[John Cabot]]'s voyage of discovery from [[England]] to [[Newfoundland]] in [[1497]]. Supposedly, Br...
United States (58223 bytes)
1: The '''United States of America'''—also referred to as the '''United States''', ''...
2: ... as several territorial water boundaries with Canada, [[Russia]] and [[The Bahamas]]. It is otherwise ...
9: ...Many, One")<br>''[[In God We Trust]]'' ([[1956]]–present) |
36: established_dates = From [[Great Britain]]<br> [[July 4]], [[177...
52: ...riginal 13 states adopted the Constitution as the date on that state "entered the Union" (became part ...
Netherlands (35958 bytes)
15: capital = [[Amsterdam]]. [[The Hague]] is the seat of government |
17: largest_city = [[Amsterdam]] |
32: ...[[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Hinduism]] and [[Judaism]] |
40: established_dates = [[Eighty Years' War|From Spain]]<br/>[[May 2...
55: ... [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Australia]], and [[Canada]].
Samoa (9435 bytes)
36: | '''[[Independence]]'''<br> - Date
57: ...tories of the [[United States]] in [[1904]] and today are known as [[American Samoa]]. The western isl...
74: ... appointed by the chief of state upon the recommendation of the prime minister.
85: Samoa is located east of the international dateline and south of the equator, about halfway bet...
97: ...r Day Saints]], [[Roman Catholic]], and [[Seventh Day Adventists]]. Hardly any other religious group e...
The Gambia (13678 bytes)
25: | [[Serrekunda]]
36: | '''[[Independence]]'''<br> - Date
40: | [[Dalasi]] (D)
61: ...a, but the French retained a tiny enclave at Albreda on the north bank of the river, which was ceded t...
67: ...Heads_of_State_of_the_Gambia|President]] [[Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara]], who was re-elected five times. ...
Belize (11927 bytes)
61: ...century]] and settlement began with shipwrecked [[England|English]] seamen in [[1638]]. This period also wa...
67: Hurricane Hattie inflicted significant damage upon Belize in [[1961]]. The government decid...
105: ...e to the global slowdown and severe [[hurricane]] damage to agriculture, [[fishing]] and tourism. Majo...
121: ...ay'' on [[13 October]]; ''[[Garifuna]] Settlement Day'' on [[19 November]]; And ''[[Christmas]]'' on ...
145: ...er.com/wg.php?x=1106472001&men=gmap&lng=en&gln=xx&dat=32&geo=-44&srt=npan&col=aohdq Map]
Brazil (12581 bytes)
1: ... [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]] and [[French Guiana]] — every South American nation except for [[Ecuad...
8: ...e isolated from most European ports by Napoleon — and the "elevation" of Brazil to the status of...
10: ...ccession of generals appointed by the military. Today Brazil is a [[democracy]].
22: ...entury, still present on a lesser scale in modern days)
41: ...ges, amongst which the highest peak is the [[Pico da Neblina]] at 3,014 m. Major rivers include the [[...
Jamaica (16893 bytes)
43: <br> - Date
67: ...bus used it as his family's private estate. The [[England|English]] Admiral [[William_Penn_(admiral)|Willia...
94: ...hools are available for specialty training in Canada, the U.S. and Britain.
148: ...]. Other religions include Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism.
150: ...cially to the [[United States]] but also to [[Canada]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. This emigration app...
Portugal (61755 bytes)
7: ...1974]] and the subsequent entry in the [[EEC]] (today's [[European Union]]) in [[1986]]. Portugal made...
20: ... Consolidation of the Monarchy in Portugal|Consolidation of the kingdom]]'''''
23: ...set up kingdoms, and became assimilated. The [[Vandals]] ([[Silingi]] and [[Hasdingi]]) and the sarmat...
31: ...ing with no male heirs. His only child, a single daughter, married King [[John I of Castile]] who wou...
40: ...s had their own objective, searching for the legendary Christian Kingdom of [[Prester John]].
United Kingdom (37269 bytes)
37: established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>|
47: *[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon''
54: ...ions of [[England]], [[Wales]] and [[Scotland]] — are located on the island of [[Great Britain]]...
58: ...ted Kingdom, forming [[Northern Ireland]] to this day.
62: ... customary to refer officially to Scotland and to England and Wales as, respectively, "North Britain" and "...
Marshall Islands (8760 bytes)
53: ...several more centuries, before being visited by [[England|English]] captain [[John Marshall]] in [[1788]]; ...
55: ...and administered them as a [[League of Nations mandate]].
59: ...s, and compensation claims still continue to this day.
Flag of Maine (1460 bytes)
6: ...g consisted of a green pine tree, symbol of [[New England]] in the center, with a blue "North Star", all on...
James Watt (5070 bytes)
3: '''James Watt''' ([[January 19]], [[1736]]–[[August 19]], [[1819]]) was a [[Scotland|Scott...
5: ...land]], and lived and worked in [[Birmingham]], [[England]]. He was a key member of the [[Lunar Society]]. ...
18: * [[1788]]: Adapted [[centrifugal governor]] for use on steam eng...
57: ...6-045-0) [ The second volume covering his time in England until his death in 1819 is due for publication in...
Hourglass (3146 bytes)
12: ...e fact that human existence is fleeting, and in [[England]] hourglasses were sometimes placed in [[coffin]]...
Mummy (16225 bytes)
8: ...preserved mummies formed under natural conditions date from the [[Inca]] period in [[Peru]].
18: The earliest known 'mummified' individual dates back to approximately [[34th century BC|3300 B...
27: A typical mummification took 70 days in which craftsmen raced to finish the tomb.
63: ...uage]] remained in use in the Tarim Basin (Modern day [[Xinjiang]] in [[China]]) until the [[8th centu...
65: ...ied body when they opened a coffin in a graveyard dating back 1,900 years, according to Xinhua news ag...
Football (soccer) (22343 bytes)
11: ...Latin America]], and increasingly in [[Africa]] — football evokes great passions and plays an im...
21: ...ept when it has left the field of play over a boundary line, or play has been stopped by the referee. ...
23: The game is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the [[Laws of foo...
30: ...at the [[public school (UK)|public schools]] of [[England]]. The first set of rules resembling the modern g...
34: ...f FIFA representatives to the IFAB in [[1913]]. Today the board is made up of four representatives fro...
Isis (20790 bytes)
7: ...nt throughout her worship. First mentions of Isis date back to the [[Fifth dynasty of Egypt|5th dynast...
24: ...q]], [[Greece]], [[Rome]], even as far north as [[England]] where the remains of a temple were discovered a...
54: ...ad]] of [[Heliopolis (ancient)|Heliopolis]], as a daughter of [[Nut (goddess)|Nut]] and [[Geb]], and s...
63: ...ide'' contains the most extensive account known today, a myth so significant that everything else pale...
65: ...th of [[Osiris]]' posthumous son, [[Horus]]. Many dangers faced Horus after birth, and Isis fled with ...
Alabama (10792 bytes)
21: LandArea = 81,664 mi?/131,426 |
29: AdmittanceDate = [[December 14]], [[1819]] |
30: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|DST]]-5 |
42: ...[List of U.S. state mottos|State motto]]'''||''We Dare Defend Our Rights''
59: ...laimed by the [[Spain|Spaniards]] as part of Florida. The English also claimed it as part of the prov...
Alaska (24727 bytes)
18: LandArea = 1,481,347 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[January 3]], [[1959]] |
27: ...utian Standard Time Zone|Aleutian]]: [[UTC]]-10/[[Daylight saving time|-9]] (west of 169? 30') |
50: ... U.S. state insects|State insect]]'''||[[Libellulidae|Skimmer Dragonfly]]
66: ...Yukon Territory]] and [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]] to the east, the [[Gulf of Alaska]] and the [[P...
Arkansas (11679 bytes)
16: LandArea = 134,856 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 15]], [[1836]] |
25: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|DST]]-5 |
42: ...her [[Native American]] nations living in present-day Arkansas were [[Caddo]] and [[Osage Nation]].
44: ...ia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Alabama]] and [[Florida]].
North Carolina (18268 bytes)
17: LandArea = 126,256 |
25: AdmittanceDate = [[November 21]], [[1789]] |
26: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
42: ...to be born stateside, was born in North Carolina. Dare County is named for her. The demise of one, the...
44: ...the Carolina territory, which encompassed present-day [[South Carolina]] and [[Tennessee]] as well. In...
Connecticut (28543 bytes)
16: LandArea = 12,559 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[January 9]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ... region, as well as the southernmost state in New England and one of the wealthiest states in the country. ...
43: ...tion, the "[[Fundamental Orders of Connecticut|Fundamental Orders]]", was adopted on [[January 14]], [...
Delaware (15006 bytes)
16: LandArea = 5,068 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 7]], [[1787]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
40: ... post at "Zwaanendael" (or "Swaanendael," present-day Lewes (pronounced "Lewis")) in [[1631]]. The are...
42: ...682, by James, Duke of York (later, [[James II of England]]), and was part of the colony of [[Pennsylvania]...
Florida (24937 bytes)
2: Name = Florida |
3: Fullname = State of Florida |
4: Flag = Florida state flag.png |
5: Flaglink = [[Flag of Florida]] |
6: Seal = Florida state seal.png |
Indiana (20194 bytes)
12: Governor = [[Mitch Daniels]] |
18: LandArea = 92,897 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[December 11]], [[1816]] |
27: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] <small>(extreme northwest ...
47: ...0]]CE up to the conventional end of Mississippian dating ("contact with [[European]]s"). The specific...
Kansas (21369 bytes)
16: LandArea = 81,815 mi²; 211,900 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[January 29]], [[1861]] |
25: ...untain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]]<br><small>Counties are Cen...
52: ...er Johnson]], [[Maurice Greene]] and [[Lynette Woodard]].
73: ... private continue to have some of the highest standards in the nation. Kansas was first among the sta...
Kentucky (15076 bytes)
16: LandArea = 102,989 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 1]], [[1792]] |
25: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|DST]]-5 (western) |
41: ...se of Constitution Square in [[Danville, Kentucky|Danville]] between [[1784]] and [[1792]]. In [[1790...
43: ...America|Confederate]] forces under General [[Leonidas Polk]] invaded.
Louisiana (26375 bytes)
19: LandArea = 112,927 |
27: AdmittanceDate = [[April 30]], [[1812]] |
28: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
45: ...oday, English is by far the main language of everyday life, but traces of French survive in local dial...
49: ...g mark of the Native Americans can be seen even today in the names used in Louisiana, such as Atchafal...
Maine (17312 bytes)
11: Governor = [[John Baldacci]] |
16: LandArea = 80,005 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[March 15]], [[1820]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ...h moderately warm summers but very few actual hot days.
Maryland (22654 bytes)
16: LandArea = 25,338 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[April 28]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
41: ..., 1st Baron Baltimore]] applied to [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] for a new royal charter for what was ...
45: ...the [[Mason-Dixon line]] which would form the boundary between their two colonies.
Missouri (16086 bytes)
18: LandArea = 68,898 mi²; 178,590 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[August 10]], [[1821]] |
27: ...entral Standard Time Zone|Central]] : [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
84: ...the state are [[beef]], [[soybeans]], [[pork]], [[dairy products]], [[hay]], [[maize|corn]], [[poultry...
103: ...]] (12.7%), [[United States|American]] (10.5%), [[England|English]] (9.5%), [[France|French]] (3.5%).
Wisconsin (18812 bytes)
17: LandArea = 140,787 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[May 29]], [[1848]] |
27: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
40: ...nglish]] version of a [[French language|French]] adaptation of an Indian word. The [[Ojibwe language|O...
51: ...d by 14,000 votes to Democratic presidential candidate [[John Kerry]], both of whom lost the national ...
Washington (20186 bytes)
16: LandArea = 172,587 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[November 11]], [[1889]] |
25: ...Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]: [[UTC]]-8/[[Daylight saving time|-7]] |
45: ... American]]s, each with its own unique culture. Today, they are most notable for their [[totem pole]]s...
57: Washington became the [[List of U.S. states by date of statehood|42<sup>nd</sup>]] state in the Uni...
Virginia (23198 bytes)
16: LandArea = 102,642 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 25]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
46: ...a, "Virginia" was the name Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] (who was known as the "Virgin Queen" because sh...
48: ...e [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] dated [[July 9]], [[1846]], the area south of the P...
Vermont (39851 bytes)
16: LandArea = 23,974 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[March 4]], [[1791]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ...the east, [[New York]] to the west, and the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Quebec]] to the north.
38: ...ar|Revolutionary War]]. Famous for its scenery, [[dairy]] products and [[maple syrup]], Vermont has lo...
Utah (29154 bytes)
18: LandArea = 212,751 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[January 4]], [[1896]] |
27: ...untain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]] |
59: Dance = N/A |
76: ... center of the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS or [[Mormon]] Church), of which ap...
Tennessee (19096 bytes)
16: LandArea = 106,846 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 1]], [[1796]] |
25: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] <small>(central and wester...
39: ...]] town named [[Tanasi]] (or "Tanase") in present-day [[Monroe County, Tennessee]]. The town was locat...
50: ...he [[Mississippi River]], Tennessee's western boundary. Tennessee was the last Confederate state to se...
South Carolina (11968 bytes)
16: LandArea = 78,051 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[May 23]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
37: ...n]]. The state is named after King [[Charles I of England]]. As of [[2004]], the state's population is 4,1...
73: ...n]] (13.9%), [[German-American|German]] (8.4%), [[England|English]] (8.4%), [[Ireland|Irish]] (7.9%).
Rhode Island (15004 bytes)
16: LandArea = 2,709 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[May 29]], [[1790]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
37: ...") Island is part of the [[New England (U.S.)|New England]] region, and was one of the [[13 colonies|thirte...
42: ...ice, once from the [[British Monarchs|King]] of [[England]], and once from the [[Native American]] tribes w...
Pennsylvania (32594 bytes)
16: LandArea = 116,074 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 12]] [[1787]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
38: ...ing "Penn's woodlands", in honor of his father. Today, two major cities dominate the state - [[Philade...
46: ...[USS Pennsylvania (BB-38)|USS ''Pennsylvania'']], damaged at [[Pearl Harbor]], was named in honor of t...
Oregon (26551 bytes)
16: LandArea = 248,849 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[February 14]], [[1859]] |
25: ...untain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]] <small>(all but majority o...
36: ...regions in the world. Oregon is known for its abundant rainfall, but only the western 2/5 of the state...
41: ... living, [[conservation]], and [[urban growth boundary|limited growth]].''
Oklahoma (32092 bytes)
18: LandArea = 178,023 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[November 16]], [[1907]] |
27: ...untain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]] <small>(town of [[Kenton, ...
111: ...ita]]) [[Quapaw]], [[Caddo]] and [[Osage]]. Descendants of these peoples still live in the state.
141: ...tial treatment to ex-slaves in land disputes. The Dawes Act excluded the Five Civilized Tribes.
West Virginia (24258 bytes)
16: LandArea = 62,436 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 20]], [[1863]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
40: ...BASE jumping]] [http://www.wvbridgeday.com/bridge-day-BASE-jumping.php] from the bridge), as well as m...
46: ... Under the United States constitution, state boundaries could not be redrawn without the consent of t...
Nevada (17565 bytes)
2: Name = Nevada |
3: Fullname = State of Nevada |
4: Flag = Nevada state flag.png |
5: Flaglink = [[Flag of Nevada]] |
6: Seal = Nevada state seal.png |
New Hampshire (23166 bytes)
16: LandArea = 23,249 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 21]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ... of [[Massachusetts]], south of [[Quebec]], [[Canada]], and west of [[Maine]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean...
51: ...ound Railroad]] in providing safe routes into Canada, primarily via the [[Connecticut River]] waterway...
New Jersey (35646 bytes)
16: LandArea = 19,231 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 18]], [[1787]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
39: ...w York State]] and had its capital at [[New Amsterdam]], now known as [[New York City]]. Some of south...
41: ...England|King James II]]) the region between [[New England]] and [[Maryland]] as a proprietary colony (as op...
Country (4192 bytes)
3: ...ed states follow to some degree international standards in terms of the creation of official [[nationa...
5: ...nation]] is dominant. Other states, such as [[Canada]], the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Spain]] ...
7: ...n of China, is similarly called a country in everyday speech. Ireland is also sometimes called a count...
16: ...ated by about 500 miles (800 kilometers) of [[Canada|Canadian]] territory from the [[Continental Unite...
29: ... of countries and corresponding international standard codes
Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
3: ...o a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded version of the ...
18: * 8700 BC: [[Metalworking]] ([[copper]] pendant in [[Iraq]])
34: ...00s BC]]: [[Sweet Track|Engineered roadway]] in [[England]]
133: * [[1714]]: [[Mercury thermometer]]: [[Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit]]
145: ...]: [[Submarine]] [[Turtle (submarine)|Turtle]]: [[David Bushnell]]
Spinning Jenny (3557 bytes)
2: ...ear Blackburn, in Lancashire in the north west of England. The device dramatically reduced the amount of wo...
6: ...old about the invention of the device is that his daughter, Jenny, knocked over one of their own spinn...
Pope Paschal II (3427 bytes)
1: ...], [[1099]] until his death, was a native of [[Bieda]], near [[Viterbo]], and a monk of the [[Cluny|Cl...
3: ...ived of the empire and kingdom of Italy since the days of [[Charlemagne]], while Henry on his side sho...
5: ...l at the beginning of 1118, but died within a few days on January 21, 1118.
9: ...ssor=[[Pope Gelasius II|Gelasius II]]|Dates=1099–1118}}
Alexander the Great (42049 bytes)
4: ...nic|Μέγα&sigmaf; Ἀλέξανδρο&sigma...
6: ... tradition in which he appears as a towering legendary [[hero]] in the tradition of [[Achilles]].
13: ===The ascendance of Macedon===
14: ...as]] for his father's murder, stating that it was Darius who had been bragging to the rest of the Gree...
23: ...xander left Caria in the hands of [[Ada of Caria|Ada]], the sister of Mausolus, whom [[Orontobates]] h...
Dinosaur (35313 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
7: ...obox_authority | author = [[Richard Owen|Owen]] | date = [[1842]]}}
12:    [[Theropoda]]<br/>
20: ...the link between dinosaurs and their living descendants, the 9,000+ [[species]] of modern [[bird]]s [h...
27: ...out of fear or trepidation at their size and formidable arsenal.
Pilgrims (4873 bytes)
3: ...t their home in [[Scrooby]] and sailed to [[Amsterdam]] to escape religious persecution at the hands o...
8: ...ment saw as seditious books and sending them into England. The English put diplomatic pressure on the Dutch...
10: ...tentions continued into the reign of [[James I of England]], if only in the minds of the English, as a cond...
12: ...[Mayflower]]''. After stopping at [[Plymouth]], [[England]] they departed on [[September 6]], [[1620]], wit...
15: ...]] after 65 days at sea and anchored near present-day [[Provincetown, Massachusetts|Provincetown]] on ...
Mayflower (4074 bytes)
2: ...rted the [[Pilgrim Fathers]] from [[Plymouth]], [[England]] to "[[Virginia|North Virginia]]" (in what was l...
6: ...ower'' was used as a cargo ship trading between [[England]] and other European countries, principally [[Fra...
11: ...ather, the Mayflower arrived at Cape Cod after 65 days at sea.
17: ...lony]] in [[Massachusetts]] on a return trip to [[England]], arriving back on [[May 6]], [[1621]].
21: ...rt at http://www.familyforest.com/Mayflower_Descendants.html
Salem witch trials (12402 bytes)
4: In [[1692]], in [[Salem Village]] (now [[Danvers, Massachusetts]]), a number of young girls, ...
9: ...rend [[Samuel Parris]], began to act peculiarly — speaking oddly, hiding under things and creepi...
13: ... accusations followed: Dorcas Good (four-year-old daughter of Sarah Good), [[Rebecca Nurse]] (a bedrid...
17: ...owly crushed by piling stones on him; after three days of excruciating pain, Corey died without enteri...
22: ...innocent-until-proven-guilty judicial system of today.<sup>[[#Note|1]]</sup>
Thirteen Colonies (4707 bytes)
6: ... The colonies of [[East Florida]] and [[West Florida]] also remained loyal during the American Revolut...
12: * [[New England]]:
29: ...ate in 1791. Today it is considered part of [[New England]].
35: * [[Nova Scotia]] (including present day [[New Brunswick]])
37: ...ly ''άe Saint-Jean'' or [[St. John's Island (Canada)|St. John's Island]]
Plymouth Colony (2283 bytes)
1: ... an agreement with the [[Plymouth Council for New England]] which had been granted a charter for the land i...
Roaring Twenties (28131 bytes)
1: ..., and ending with the sad note of the [[Black Tuesday]], [[harbinger]] of [[The Great Depression|the G...
3: ...s termed "The Golden Twenties". In France and Canada they were also called the "Crazy Years" (''ann饳...
5: ...n and lightness were cultivated in [[jazz]] and [[dancing]], in defiance of the horrors of the First W...
11: ...er]]s returned to the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] with money in their pockets and a great many ne...
17: ...] had sold 15 million [[Model T]]. In all of Canada, there were only about 300,000 vehicles registere...
Women's suffrage (11832 bytes)
33: ...abeth Cady Stanton]] and [[Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis]]. At about the same time, in 1840, [[Lydia M...
43: ...ould ratify the action of Congress. Within a few days [[Illinois]], [[Wisconsin]] and [[Michigan]], t...
45: ... [[Alabama Constitution]], for instance, still mandates that only "male citizen[s] of this state" may ...
59: *[[Emily Davison]] (UK)
62: *[[Henrietta Dugsdale]] (Australia)
History of the United States (21226 bytes)
30: ...d markets for their agricultural exports. The New England Federalists opposed the war, and their reputation...
34: ...n, president at the time, in favor of his own agenda.
38: ...go]] in 1848 ceded Texas (with the Rio Grande boundary), California, and New Mexico to the United Stat...
43: ...and pro slave sentiments that still exist to this day.
47: The next four years were the darkest in American history, as the nation tore itse...
St. Peter's Basilica (17805 bytes)
1: ...e Basilica of Saint Peter, portrayed by Viviano Codazzi in a 1630 painting, is the largest church in C...
17: ...1585]] by order of [[Pope Sixtus V]]. The obelisk dates back to the [[13th century BC]] in [[Egypt]], ...
20: ...ontana, who was probably the best engineer of the day. Fontana built the lantern the following year, a...
29: ...lly operated since [[1931]], with its oldest bell dating to [[1288]].
43: MCMLXXXIII – MCMLXXIV<br>
Comet (30542 bytes)
9: ... tail, pointed in slightly different directions — dust being left behind in the comet's orbit (s...
11: ...try]], which records the [[Norman conquest]] of [[England]] in [[1066]].{{hnote|Reading Museum, scene 1}}
15: ...like [[tar]] or crude [[Petroleum|oil]]. The very darkness of cometary surfaces allows them to absorb ...
29: ...0," the "Great September Comet of 1882," and the "Daylight Comet of 1910." After [[Edmund Halley]] de...
31: ...0 comets and is conducting a contest to guess the date of its 1000th comet discovery.{{hnote|SOHO (200...
List of themed timelines (11300 bytes)
104: * [[Timeline of the Protestant Reformation in England]]
119: * Canada
127: * England
128: ** [[History of England]]
237: * [[Timeline of Governmental Accounting Standards - US]]
Art (11479 bytes)
3: ... as painting, sculpture, music, literature, film, dance, and more.
5: ...o refer to visual art, literature, music, dance — the ''[[fine arts]]''. However, such distincti...
11: ...art]] is created by all from about the first birthday.
74: ... be, 'my five-year old could have painted that' — implying that the work is somehow less worthy ...
80: ...res both human emotions and ways to arouse them — and ''good'' art brings something new and orig...
List of reference tables (55289 bytes)
7: ... from [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/pagedata.html#sort_table here] (control-click the "sort ...
54: == [[Standard]]s ==
55: *[[List of standards topics]] (these could easily be cross-referenc...
56: *International Standards
57: **[[List of ISO standards]]
Plain (710 bytes)
10: * [[Mazandaran Plain]], Iran
12: * [[Salisbury Plain]], [[England]]
History of science (41710 bytes)
4: ...nowledge]]. This change is considered to be so fundamental that older inquiries are known as ''pre-sci...
11: ...dge, and to de-emphasize the view that scientific data is self-evident, value-free, and context-free.
40: ... long period that followed is also known as the [[Dark Ages]]. While the [[Byzantine Empire]] still he...
43: ...[Image:Vitruvian.jpg|right|thumb|140px|[[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s [[Vitruvian Man]], an example of the bl...
46: ...vitalization of Europe. This provided a solid foundation for all future scientific work. Contact with ...
Anemometer (11426 bytes)
7: ...of a wind vane; on the other hand it is not well adapted to leaving a record on paper of the actual ve...
13: ...d while the ordinary pressure plate is admirably adapted for measuring the force of a steady and unifo...
15: ... of these plates are erected on the west coast of England, where in the winter fierce gales often occur; a ...
29: ... turbine (windmill) can be logged together in a [[data logger]].
Albania (24647 bytes)
45: | '''[[National Day]]''' || [[28 November]]
49: ...k (currency)|Lek <small>(Lk)</small>]] = 100 [[qindarka]] ("cents")
66: ...o gave the name [[Albion]], the ancient name of [[England]].
72: ...ient Albanian writers such as Budi, Blanco and Bogdano. We first learn of Albanians in their native la...
85: ...uthern Macedonia and the southern part of present-day Albania. This process was completed over the [[s...
Claude Monet (4533 bytes)
2: ...scar-Claude Monet''' ([[November 14]], [[1840]] – [[December 5]], [[1926]]) was a French [[impre...
6: ...2]]), but upon his contracting typhoid his aunt Madame Lecadre intervened to get him out of the army i...
12: ...([[1870]] – [[1871]]), Monet took refuge in England to avoid the conflict. There he studied the works...
17: ...another son, Michel, on [[March 17]], [[1878]]. Madame Monet died of tuberculosis in [[1879]].
21: ...rent points of view and at different times of the day. Twenty views of the cathedral were exhibited at...
Crusade (28507 bytes)
2: ...gns — usually sanctioned by the [[Papacy]]— that took place during the [[11th century|11th...
9: ... Spanish Catholics are allowed to substitute [[Friday abstinence]] with prayer or alms (except during ...
18: ...a of a holy war emerged from this background.'' — [[Norman F. Cantor]]
51: ...of the Crusader states with a foolish attack on [[Damascus]]. In [[1149]], both leaders had returned t...
56: ... leaders: [[Philip II of France]], [[Richard I of England]] and [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]]. Freder...
Medieval music (31843 bytes)
17: ...e treatise which defined and most completely elucidated the [[rhythmic modes]], a notational system fo...
21: ...Johannes Gallicus), [[Anonymous IV]], [[Marchetto da Padova]] (Marchettus of Padua), [[Jacques of Li&e...
27: ...ian chant]], named after St. Ambrose, was the standard. Celtic chant was used in Ireland.
29: ...ope, and Paris was the political center. The standardization effort consisted mainly of combining the...
32: ...ificate of Gregory the Great himself (c. [[590]]–[[604]]). Many of them were probably written i...
Medieval fortification (8517 bytes)
9: ...ve Burghs|Five Boroughs]] of the [[Danelaw]] in [[England]].
62: ...were pointed on the front so that attackers would damage their weapons ([[sword]]s, [[axe]]s, etc.) wh...
68: ...n seen in old city centers of Europe even to this day, as broader streets often outline where the old ...
Castle (27805 bytes)
2: ...astle" designations, relics of the [[feudalism|feudal]] age, often remained attached to the dwelling, ...
4: ...y of Japan|Japanese history]], where the feudal [[Daimyo]] inhabited them.
17: ... example, Norman lords constructed castles across England to impress, control and conquer. During the [[Inv...
26: ...as lower grade housing within the walls to accommodate some of the key population of the local area, s...
30: ...structures and many survive through to the modern day; they are now mostly considered monuments.
Aviation history (39698 bytes)
1: ...n-IcarusandDaedalus.jpg|right|thumb|Icarus and Daedalus]]
3: ...Daedalus]] and [[Icarus (mythology)|Icarus]]. Daedalus was trapped on the island of Minos, and so bui...
5: ...airplanes were made of [[canvas]] and [[wood]]. Today airplanes are made of [[aluminium]], and increas...
9: ...mage:Ornithopter_leonardo1.jpg|thumb|left|200 px| da Vinci's Ornithopter body ]]
11: ...mage:Ornithopter_leonardo2.jpg|thumb|left|200 px| da Vinci's Ornithopter wings ]]
List of inventors (14020 bytes)
13: *[[William George Armstrong]] — [[hydraulic crane]], Armstrong breech-loading ...
14: ...e [[Canada|Canadian]] Department of Agriculture — instant mashed potato flakes
18: *[[Charles Babbage]], (1791-1871), [[England]] — [[Analytical engine]]
20: ...d]] (1863) - (1944), [[Belgian]]–American — [[plastic]]
21: ...h Baer]] - [[Germany|German]] born [[American]] — [[computer game]]
Thomas Edison (20653 bytes)
3: ...homas Alva Edison''' ([[February 11]], [[1847]] – [[October 18]], [[1931]]) was an [[United Stat...
7: ...homas Edison bought a house in [[Fort Myers, Florida]] (Seminole Lodge) as a winter retreat. [[Henry F...
10: ...anged. He and his family fled to Nova Scotia, Canada, settling on land the British government gave tho...
12: John Edison had remained loyal to [[England]] in the 1700's. Ironically, in the 1800's, his ...
16: ...ing. His mother had been a school teacher in Canada and happily took over the job of schooling her so...
American Revolution (17069 bytes)
2: ...effected before the War commenced," wrote [[John Adams]]. "The Revolution was in the minds and hearts ...
4: ... time of the [[French and Indian War]] ([[1754]]–[[1763]]), and ended with the election of [[Geo...
10: ...rmer Indian allies—[[Pontiac's Rebellion]]—had, if not conquered, at least pacified the we...
16: ...became the analysis of men like [[Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu|Montesquieu]]. The [[Deism...
19: ... swept through all the British colonies, from New England to the Carolinas, as a common experience.
Geography of the United States (15104 bytes)
27: [[Canada]]:
59: The U.S. shares borders with [[Canada]] and [[Mexico]],
61: ...more south). At the eastern half the northern boundary is more south, except for [[Lake of the Woods]]...
65: ...'s third largest country after [[Russia]] and Canada with an area roughly:
66: *slightly smaller than [[Canada]]
Cereal (6537 bytes)
35: ...ll.jpg|thumb|220px|A wheat field in [[Dorset]], [[England]].]]
46: Cool-season cereals are well-adapted to temperate climates. Most varieties of a pa...
58: ... elevator]], a large storage facility that consolidates the crops of many farmers. The farmer may sell...
Isaac Newton (23339 bytes)
2: ...sh; [[31 March]] [[1727]] by the [[Gregorian calendar]]) was an [[English (people)|English]] [[physici...
19: ...eventually became engaged to the apothecary's stepdaughter, Anne Storey, before he went off to [[Cambr...
25: ..., to illustrate how he drew inspiration from everyday events.
31: ...ormal ordination requirement, and [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], whose permission was needed, accept...
38: ... at its rear side, dispassionately noting "white, darke & coloured circles" so long as he kept stirrin...
India (27950 bytes)
21: ...[[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[France|French]], and [[England|English]], who were initially interested in trade...
46: ...]] and with several mostly-regional parties. The NDA, led by the BJP, currently forms the main opposit...
53: ... two scientific bases in [[Antarctica]] – [[Dakshin Gangotri]] and [[Maitri]], but has made no t...
61: ...]]), the [[Brahmaputra]], the [[Yamuna]], the [[Godavari]], and the [[Krishna River|Krishna]]. The riv...
79: ...ion within the highly diverse Indian population today. Its biggest [[metropolitan]] agglomerations are...
Francis Bacon (16741 bytes)
2: ... [[1561]] – [[April 9]], [[1626]]) was an [[England|English]] [[philosopher]], [[statesman]], [[spy]]...
8: ...mber of the Reformed or [[Puritan]] Church, and a daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, whose sister married ...
18: ...r in February 1579 necessitated Bacon's return to England, and seriously influenced his fortunes. Sir Nicho...
25: ...]ship fell vacant in 1594 and Bacon became a candidate for the office, Lord Essex's influence could no...
31: ...ment session Bacon married [[Alice Barnham]], the daughter of a London merchant. Little or nothing is ...
List of Renaissance figures (6600 bytes)
25: **[[Elizabeth I of England]]
31: **[[Henry VIII of England]]
55: * [[Tomás de Torquemada]]
68: * [[Baldassare Castiglione]]
70: * [[Erasmus of Rotterdam | Erasmus]]
Timeline of United States pre-history (before 1600) (1679 bytes)
9: ...he North American mainland, which he claims for [[England]]
14: *[[1513]]-[[Juan Ponce de Le󮝝 claims [[Florida]] for Spain
18: ...g for [[France]], explores coastline from present-day [[North Carolina]] to [[Maine]]
American Civil War (47733 bytes)
10: |Date||[[1861]]–[[1865]]
22: ...'[[Flag of the United States|USA flag]] [[1861]]–[[1863]]. 34 stars, after the admission of [[Ka...
24: ''[[1863]]–[[1864]]. 35 stars, after the admission of [[W...
26: ...;[[1865]]. 36 stars, after the admission of [[Nevada]].''<br />
37: |[[Jefferson Davis]]
World War I (62979 bytes)
1: ... 1917, in the vicinity of the [[Battle of Passchendaele]]. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wo...
2: ...henzollern]]s, who had roots of power back to the days of the [[Crusade]]s, all fell during or after t...
8: ...ree-decade long war spanning the period [[1914]]–[[1945]]. Other scholars view World War I as on...
19: ...tem, which bears a striking resemblence to modern-day and Cold War nuclear preparedness strategies, st...
22: ...serving their power. It did not solve the more fundamental problems of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Wi...
Timeline of United States pre-history (1600-1699) (5684 bytes)
12: ...udson]], hired by the Dutch, explores the present-day [[Hudson River]]
22: ...er]]''. They found [[Plymouth Colony]] in present-day [[Massachusetts]]; [[Mayflower Compact]] signed
23: ...ed by the [[Dutch West India Company]] in present-day [[New York]] state
24: ...[[New Amsterdam]] founded by the Dutch in present-day [[New York City]]
37: *[[1639]]-[[Fundamental Agreement of the New Haven Colony]] signed
Timeline of United States history (1790-1819) (6951 bytes)
22: *[[1797]] - [[John Adams]] (Federalist) inaugurated, Jefferson (Republic...
35: ...S 137 1803 allows [[U.S. Supreme Court]] to invalidate law passed by [[Congress]] for first time, the ...
57: ...810 marks first time [[U.S. Supreme Court]] invalidates state legislative act
61: *[[1812]] - [[Daniel Webster]] elected to [[Congress]]
66: *[[1814]] - [[Hartford Convention]]; [[New England]] proposes [[secession]].
History of the United States (1776-1789) (19792 bytes)
9: ...ee of five, which included, among others, [[John Adams]] and [[Benjamin Franklin]], but the style of t...
21: ...icularly their rights of self-government, were in danger. The colonial elite had inherited a decidedly...
23: ...included 12 of the colonies, but not British Florida or the then-tiny Georgia at the south or Newfound...
27: ...lifax, Nova Scotia]], precluded what became [[Canada]] from joining the 13 "American" States. The Ame...
31: ...planning resulted in the army descending from Canada, commanded by General [[John Burgoyne|Burgoyne]],...
History of the United States (1865-1918) (52094 bytes)
2: ...ustry expanded rapidly throughout the era; by the dawn of the 20th century, it was the dominant econom...
21: ...7 1896 went even further, providing that state-mandated segregation was legal as long as it provided f...
30: ...rrivals on the Plains--previously they had been sedate farmers in the Great Lakes region. Once they l...
32: ...1876 the last serious Sioux war erupted, when the Dakota gold rush penetrated the Black Hills. The Arm...
34: ...rn Sioux reservation at [[Wounded Knee]], [[South Dakota]], led to an uprising that saw the Sioux atta...
History of the United States (1918-1945) (54688 bytes)
16: ... levels, which in retrospect after the crash were dangerously inflated.
18: ...musical noise by much of the older generation). [[Dancing]] was a popular recreation.
34: ...dministration was rocked by the [[Teapot Dome scandal]]. It looked like the President himself might be...
36: Coolidge was a taciturn, personally honest [[New England]]er who generally saw his role as to stay out of ...
42: ... compromise—the [[Gold Exchange Standard]]—that lacked the stability to rebuild world trad...
New Year (5703 bytes)
2: ...ext. Cultures that measure yearly [[calendar|calendars]] all have '''New Year''' celebrations.
7: ...ntries]]. (For more information, see [[New Year's Day]])
9: ...etween the Hebrew Calendar and the Gregorian Calendar will force Rosh Hashanah to be not earlier than ...
11: ...ars. It is perhaps the most important Chinese holiday. The Chinese New Year is generally celebrated wi...
13: *In the [[Bah᧭ calendar]], the new year occurs on the vernal equinox on ...
Ohio (19444 bytes)
16: LandArea = 106,154 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[March 1]], [[1803]], declared retroactivel...
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
48: ...erritory to the approximately the size of present-day Ohio plus the eastern half of [[Michigan]]'s low...
50: ...hat officially declared [[March 1]], [[1803]] the date of Ohio's admittance into the Union.
Mississippi (15114 bytes)
16: LandArea = 121,606 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 10]], [[1817]] |
25: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
40: ...ssippi River]], which flows along the western boundary. The name itself probably comes from [[Native A...
52: ... killing 248 people and causing US$1.5 billion in damage (1969 dollars).
Michigan (29427 bytes)
16: LandArea = 147,255 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[January 26]], [[1837]] |
25: TimeZone = Eastern: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] <br><small>(Some Upper Pen...
42: ... recognition of the state languished due to a boundary dispute with Ohio, with both sides claiming a 4...
79: ... to prospector [[Philo Everett]] near the present-day city of [[Negaunee, Michigan|Negaunee]].
Thunderstorm (7337 bytes)
2: ...zed by the presence of [[lightning]] and its attendant [[thunder]]. It is often accompanied by copiou...
11: ...fter becoming strong enough to produce lightning. Days with suitable weather conditions often see the ...
15: ...updraft (a "[[mesocyclone]]"). These are the most damaging type of thunderstorm, and 30% produce [[tor...
19: ...tures (such as [[mountain]] ranges) or linear boundaries (such as warm or cold fronts) may create ''li...
27: ...g|thumb|280px|An anvil thundercloud over Bristol, England.]]
Supercell (1455 bytes)
2: ...the side, it would be seen to be almost circular—up, across and over, then down), and have a str...
4: ...lume of air to feed off, and can last many hours—they are steady-state storms. Due to the rotati...
6: Supercells can be any size—large or small, low or high-topped. Usually th...
8: ... so identified was the [[Wokingham]] storm over [[England]] which was studied by [[Keith Browning]] and [[F...
Tornado (14220 bytes)
8: ...the tail end of [[mesocyclone]]s. On [[weather radar]] screens, a characteristic "[[hook echo]]" mark...
14: Tornado damage to man-made structures is the result of high ...
21: ...http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wspouts.htm USA Today article on waterspouts]
25: ...Florida]], although most of the tornadoes in Florida are either '''F0''', '''F1''', or [[waterspouts]]...
27: ...s]] in [[damage]]. The last killer tornado in Canada struck [[Pine Lake, Alberta|Pine Lake]], [[Albert...
Autumn (2686 bytes)
1: ...urs at [[Westonbirt Arboretum]], Gloucestershire, England.]]
5: ...to these definitions is found in the [[Irish Calendar]] which still follows the Celtic cycle, where Au...
11: The [[New England]] region of the United States is famous around th...
13: ...[[Algonquin Provincial Park]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]].
January (2450 bytes)
1: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
2: ...of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 [[day]]s.
8: ...ted in the addition of one day thus equalling 355 days. Although [[March]] was originally the first mo...
10: ...e first day of the month is known as [[New Year's Day]].
12: ... ''[[Hatsuyume]]'' (初夢) and the 7th day as ''[[Nanakusa]]'' (七草). In [[Fin...
John Locke (14749 bytes)
3: ...led the [[British Empiricists]], which includes [[David Hume]] and [[George Berkeley]]. Locke is perha...
6: ...[[Somerset]], about ten miles from [[Bristol]], [[England]], in [[1632]]. His father, a lawyer, served as ...
16: ...n the [[Rye House Plot]]. Locke did not return to England until after the [[Glorious Revolution]]. The bul...
18: ...Union]] of [[1707]], though the office of King of England and King of Scotland had been held by the same pe...
22: ...ays express ideas that match those of the present day.
Uranus (15207 bytes)
172: ...II's Neptune'' and ''Great-Britain's Neptune''. [[Daniel Bernoulli|Bernoulli]], from [[Berlin]], sugge...
179: ... be seen with the naked eye as a faint star under dark sky conditions. It can be easily found with bin...
205: ...as a faint [[planetary ring]] system, composed of dark particulate matter up to 10 metres in diameter....
212: ...he five main satellites are [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]], [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]], [[Umbriel (moon)|Umbri...
214: For a timeline of discovery dates, see [[Timeline of natural satellites]].
Neptune (planet) (18545 bytes)
9: | [[Urbain Le Verrier]]<br> [[John Couch Adams]]<br> [[Johann Gottfried Galle|Johann Galle]]
148: ...enomena. The [[Great Dark Spot]], an Earth-sized dark marking resembling the [[Great Red Spot]] of Ju...
152: ...cause it had ''just'' turned retrograde that very day; because it was stationary in the sky and only b...
154: ...rge Airy]], who asked Adams for a clarification; Adams began to draft a reply but never sent it.
156: ...[1846]], [[Urbain Le Verrier]], independently of Adams, produced his own calculations but also experie...
Pluto (planet) (26470 bytes)
124: ...1930]]. The planet was later found on photographs dating back to [[March 19]], [[1915]]. Tombaugh was ...
126: ...ules]]'', ''[[Icarus (mythology)|Icarus]]'', ''[[Idana]]'', ''[[Odin]]'', ''[[Pax (mythology)|Pax]]'',...
128: ...anet in the [[Times]] newspaper. He asked his grandaughter what she thought would be good name for it....
136: ...s diameter is now known since telescopes using [[adaptive optics]] can resolve its disk.
153: ... among planets in that they are [[Tidal locking|tidally locked]] to each other. This means that Charon...
Colonial America (32872 bytes)
2: ...ylvania|Pennsylvania]], the [[Puritans]] of [[New England]], the gold-hungry settlers of [[Jamestown, Virgi...
4: ...Colonies]]. Some historians add a fifth region – the [[frontier]] had certain unifying features...
15: ===England===
16: ...on of [[British Monarchs|Queen]] [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]]. At this time, however, there was no ...
22: ...had apparently disappeared in the middle of their daily tasks.
January 17 (12233 bytes)
1: ...year in the [[Gregorian Calendar]]. There are 348 days remaining (349 in [[leap year]]s).
3: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
6: ...]], breaking off negotiations with [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] and thereby setting the scene fo...
9: ...]] - Continental troops under Brigadier General [[Daniel Morgan]] defeat British forces under Lieutena...
13: ...h]] army at the [[Battle of Abu Klea]] in the [[Sudan]].
January 1 (18244 bytes)
1: ... holiday when gifts were exchanged. There are 364 days remaining (365 in [[leap year]]s).
3: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
6: *[[45 BC]] - The [[Julian calendar]] first takes effect.
8: *[[990]] - Russia adopts the Julian calendar.
10: ...0]] - [[Scotland]] begins using the [[Julian calendar]].
January 2 (10888 bytes)
1: ...ear in the [[Gregorian Calendar]]. There are 363 days remaining (364 in [[leap year]]s).
3: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
8: *[[1492]] - [[Reconquista]]: [[Granada]], the last [[Moors|Moorish]] stronghold in [[Spa...
19: ...cket]] on the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] against [[England]].
20: ...kefeller]] unites his oil holdings into the [[Standard Oil]] [[trust]].
Anthropology (23191 bytes)
20: ...ed national industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. They are dislodged by new in...
22: ...se are the conditions of life with which people today must contend, but they have their origins in pro...
30: ...– from other species), and as a particular adaptation to local conditions that takes the form of...
35: ...tinue to be popular targets for anthropologists today.
44: ...ew' and an approach to field work that became standard in the field.
Clock (10086 bytes)
2: ...ct system of time measurement (''ed.'' see [[calendar]] for other measurements).
14: ..., event initiation or just to display the time of day.
43: ...s Cathedral]] installed a ‘horologe’—the word still used in French for large clocks....
47: ...ivided into four equal parts making the clocks readable to the nearest 15 minutes.
49: ...Westminster|Houses of Parliament]], [[London]], [[England]]. The 5 foot 4 inch (1.63 m) person "holding on...
Okapi (2836 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Artiodactyla]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Giraffidae]]}}
12: ... = Okapia johnstoni | author = [[P.L. Sclater]] | date = [[1901]]}}
15: ...one of the two remaining species of family Giraffidae, the second being the [[Giraffe]]. It is native ...
DNA (29095 bytes)
14: ...ld you don't master ''only'' contained scientific data -- that would be frustrating, wouldn't it?
35: ...e a sample of DNA for inclusion in a computerized database. This has helped investigators solve old c...
143: ...ich biologists view as an [[adaptation (biology)|adaptation]].
149: ...y would otherwise. As a result, such species may adapt more rapidly to avoid extinction. The result wo...
153: ...only accepted after the structure of DNA was elucidated by Watson and Crick, which they published in [...
Morse code (33777 bytes)
2: ...king it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels.
6: # longer mark, dash or 'dah' (-)
7: # intra-character gap (between the dots and dashes within a character)
11: ...e length of the Morse characters made it hard to adapt to automated communication, so it was largely r...
13: ...rmany and eventually adopted as the worldwide standard as "International Morse". Morse's original code...
History of California (38344 bytes)
1: {{dablink|This article covers the History of Californi...
3: Although the present-day State of [[California]] has been occupied for mi...
11: ...re among the traces of a very early inhabitation, dated to the last [[ice age]] ([[Wisconsin glaciatio...
13: ...s. Tribes in the [[Sierra Nevada (US)|Sierra Nevada]] foothills collected [[acorn]]s from [[oak]] tre...
36: ...irst European to explore the coast of the present day State of California was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo...
Christianity (47078 bytes)
6: ...tian Love]]). Most Christians ( not all see [[Jonadabs]] ) believe Jesus to be the [[Son of God]] and ...
14: ...d was buried, only to be resurrected on the third day to then rise to Heaven and "sitteth at the right...
23: ...g of the Jews" by [[Pontius Pilate]] (John 19:19–22; see Luke 16:8) on the [[INRI|''titulus cruc...
27: ...sh;15; [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] 14:65; Luke 23:63–64), whipping (Isa. 53:5; John 19:1; Matt. 27:2...
29: ... the Just|James Adelphos]], Mark, Luke, [[Mary Magdalene]], etc) who also followed Jesus in his travel...
Flood (7770 bytes)
7: ...The control of annual flooding, by dikes and by [[dam]]s, also prevents the deposition of silt on the ...
16: ...slip on continental shelf'') may all engender a tidal wave called a [[tsunami]] that causes destructio...
22: ...lta Works]] with the [[Oosterschelde|Oosterscheldedam]] as its crowning achievement.
24: ...ation density, such as [[Holland]] and parts of [[England]], planning laws have been used to prevent buildi...
33: ...s a great flood caused by the breaking of the ice dams holding [[Lake Agassiz]].
Presidents' Day (4386 bytes)
1: ==Presidents' Day: Honoring America's Leaders==
3: ...n, the first President of the United States, this day has evolved to encompass recognition for all U.S...
7: ...liday was colloquially referred to as Presidents' Day.
11: ... every year on the third Monday in February. This day is a chance for many people to take a break from...
15: Presidents' Day serves as a tribute to the leadership, vision, a...
Independence Day (United States) (6238 bytes)
2: ...hocolate"><center><font size="+1">'''Independence Day'''</font></center></td></tr>
12: [[Memorial Day]], [[Veterans Day]], [[Flag Day]]</td></tr></table>
15: ...lled the '''Fourth of July''', is a [[federal holiday]] celebrating the adoption of the [[United State...
17: ...Home Fireworks in the United States (Independence Day)|Fireworks]] have been associated with the Fourt...
23: ...laim the date itself is somewhat arbitrary. [[New England]]ers had been fighting Britain since [[April]] [[...
Garlic (12167 bytes)
3: ...rongly evident in the diner's sweat the following day. The well-known phenomenon of "garlic breath" ca...
16: ...water; in a hot climate it may need to be watered daily. If the shoots look dry then it is a sign that...
18: ... colour and die back. Dig up with a fork to avoid damaging the bulbs.
32: ...arlic that meets commonly accepted scientific standards.
43: ...s it as the "rustic's theriac" (cure-all) (see F Adams's ''Paulus Aegineta'', p. 99), and [[Alexander ...
List of popes (77758 bytes)
24: | rowspan="2" | <small>Betsaida, [[Galilee|Galilea]]</small>
29: ...<small>Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day ([[SS Peter & Paul]]) [[29 June]], ([[Chair of P...
36: ...small>Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day [[23 September]]</small>
43: | <small>Martyred; feast day [[26 April]]</small>
50: | <small>Martyred; feast day [[23 November]]</small>
Pope Telesphorus (1411 bytes)
1: ...gy)|mass]]es, the celebration of [[Easter]] on Sundays, the keeping of a seven-week [[Lent]] before Ea...
6: .... ''Oxford Dictionary of Popes.'' (1986). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
11: ...ccessor=[[Pope Hyginus|Saint Hyginus]]|Dates=126–136}}
Pope Boniface IV (5099 bytes)
1: '''Boniface IV''' (''ca''. [[550]] – [[May 25]] [[615]]) was [[pope]] from [[608]] ...
9: ...nciliengeschichte, III, 66), questionable by [[Haddan]] and [[Stubbs]] (Councils, III, 65), and genuin...
17: ...asilica]]. His remains were three times removed — in the [[10th century|tenth]] or [[11th centur...
19: ...a saint in the [[Roman Martyrology]] on his feast day, [[25 May]].
25: ... Aidan. A Short History of the Catholic Church in England, 19
Pope Boniface V (3289 bytes)
3: ... the [[religious conversion|Christianizing]] of [[England]] and enacted the decree by which churches became...
5: ... a [[Naples|Neapolitan]] who succeeded [[Pope Adeodatus I]] after a vacancy of more than a year. Befor...
9: ... the [[pallium]] upon him and directing him to "ordain bishops as occasion should require." According ...
15: ...idan. ''A Short History of the Catholic Church in England'', 19
17: *Hunt, William. ''The English Church from Its Foundation to the Norman Conquest''. Vol. 1. "A History ...
Pope Gregory II (966 bytes)
1: ...nour of canonization, [[February 13]]th being the day consecrated to his memory in the <i>Martyrology<...
5: ...[[Pope Gregory III|Saint Gregory III]]|Dates=715–731}}
Pope Gregory III (1999 bytes)
1: ..., [[Willibald]] in [[Bohemia]], and [[Bede]] in [[England]] carried on their most successful missionary lab...
3: ...st pope to seek the [[Byzantine]] [[exarch]]'s mandate.
8: Feast day: [[November 28]].
12: ...sor=[[Pope Zacharias|Saint Zacharias]]|Dates=731–741}}
Toad (5772 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
9: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = '''Bufonidae'''}}
37: ... '''true toads''' are [[amphibians]] in the Bufonidae [[family (biology)|family]]. A number of species...
39: The type species of the family Bufonidae is the [[Common toad]], ''Bufo bufo'', and aroun...
41: ...habits, and are absolutely toad-like. The ''Bufonidae'' include terrestrial, burrowing, thoroughly aqu...
Crustacean (6274 bytes)
7: {{Taxobox_authority | author = [[Br?]] | date = [[1772]]}}
11: **Order [[Enantiopoda]]
12: **Order [[Nectiopoda]]
13: *Class [[Cephalocarida]]
14: **Order [[Brachypoda]]
Banknote (6576 bytes)
3: ...s a '''bill''' in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]]) is a kind of [[currency]], issued as [[legal t...
5: ... a lot of precious metal was cumbersome and often dangerous. As an alternative, banknotes would be is...
9: Today, this is no longer true; the currency of all cou...
16: ... were issued with a promise to convert at a later date.
18: ...al codes enforced the payment for injury in a standardized form, usually in precious metals. The devel...
Leonardo da Vinci (25889 bytes)
1: [[Image:Leonardo da Vinci.jpeg|thumb|Leonardo da Vinci]]
2: '''Leonardo da Vinci''' ([[April 15]], [[1452]] – [[May 2]], [[1519]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]] ...
7: ...an [[illegitimate child]]. His father, Ser Piero da Vinci was a young [[lawyer]] and his mother, Cate...
9: ...therefore refer to his works as "Leonardos", not "da Vincis". Presumably he did not use his father's n...
12: ... the greatest of all Andrea's pupils was Leonardo da Vinci, in whom, besides a beauty of person never ...
Thomas More (15893 bytes)
2: ...s claim to be the supreme head of the [[Church of England]], a decision which ended his political career an...
9: ...hter by her previous husband. More provided his daughters with an excellent classical education at a...
14: ...strative and judicial control of much of northern England.
17: ...dition of ''Utopia.'' The traveler Raphael Hythloday is depicted in the lower left-hand corner descri...
19: ...inental Europe, and his friend [[Erasmus of Rotterdam]] dedicated his masterpiece, ''[[In Praise of Fo...
William Shakespeare (28915 bytes)
2: ...S.), [[May 3]], [[1616]] ([[New Style|N.S.]])), [[England|English]] [[poet]] and [[playwright]], has a repu...
6: ...between [[1588]] and [[1616]], although the exact dates and [[Chronology of Shakespeare plays|chronolo...
8: ...any [[list of adaptations of Shakespearean plays|adaptations]] of his works.
12: ...espeare{{fn|1}}—actor, playwright and poet—was one individual whose life can be clearly ma...
14: ...st Day]] of [[Saint George]], [[patron saint]] of England.
Giordano Bruno (15356 bytes)
1: [[Image:Giordano_Bruno.jpg|thumb|Giordano Bruno]]
3: '''Giordano Bruno''' ([[1548]] – [[February 17]] [[1600]]), a.k.a. '''Bruno Nol...
7: ...nt Domenico near [[Naples]]. In [[1572]] he was ordained a priest.
9: ...ys of ancient [[Egypt]]. They are now believed to date mostly from about [[300]] A.D. and to be associ...
10: ...umb|left|200px|Woodcut illustration of one of Giordano Bruno's mnemonic devices: in the spandrels are ...
Causes of the French Revolution (11170 bytes)
5: ...the [[First Estate|clergy]], the remnants of [[feudalism]]. Similarly, the peasants covetously eyed th...
7: ...d some of the nobility and of the working class — had absorbed the ideology of equality and free...
9: ...th the enemies of the bourgeoisie: absolutism, feudalism and [[philistinism]]." [http://www.marxists.o...
17: ...th it. There was no counterpart to the [[Bank of England]] in France in [[1789]] and there was also far le...
30: ...he nobility (the so-called ''noblesse de robe'' – "gown nobility", as opposed to the nobility of...
French Revolution (36529 bytes)
21: ...cques Necker]] (Director-General of Finance 1777–1781), unsuccessfully proposed to revise the Fr...
25: ...e French treasury depended to maintain its day to day operations to withdraw their loans, leading to a...
27: ... to convene the Estates-General in May [[1789]] — for the first time since [[1614]]. Brienne re...
31: ...ription of the events of [[August 8]], [[1788]] – [[June 17]], [[1789]], see [[Estates-General o...
35: ...and ''[[bailliage]]s'' rather than by provinces — need be determined by the precedent of 1614. ...
Hundred Years' War (30012 bytes)
3: ... level." Fernand Braudel, quoting him, adds that "England acted as a province (or a group of provinces) wit...
7: ==Early origins: 911–1314==
8: ...s William took the English throne as William I of England.
10: ...homeland in Normandy; it was a very rich land and England stood to become very wealthy by retaking it. The ...
12: ==Immediate precursors: 1314–1337==
Age of Enlightenment (36312 bytes)
4: ...gan during a historical period they called the "[[Dark Ages]]"). This movement also provided a framewo...
12: The boundaries of the Enlightenment cover much of the 17th c...
14: ...sh axiomatic philosophy and absolutism as the foundations for knowledge and stability. Epistemology, i...
18: ...view may seem overreaching to some in the present-day, where belief is that human beings apprehend a t...
20: ... "laws" which governed its behavior were understandable. The notion of a "clockwork god" or "god the w...
Protestant Reformation (26890 bytes)
6: * [[Jan Hus]], [[John Wycliffe]], [[William Tyndale]]
20: ...tural debate about religious reforms and later fundamental religious values. Historians would generall...
22: ...rictions on the exercise of their authority. In [[England]], [[France]], and [[Spain]] the move toward cent...
24: ...enturies,</b> the combination of both a newly abundant labor supply as well as improved productivity, ...
28: ...breakdown of the [[philosophy|philosophical]] foundations of [[scholasticism]], the new [[nominalism]]...
African Grey Parrot (5256 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Psittacidae]]}}
12: ...thacus | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] | date = [[1758]]}}
14: ..., are [[zygodactyl]], having 4 toes on each foot—two front and two back. They feed primarily on ...
22: ...eys captured in the wild need time and effort to adapt to human presence, and have a tendency to growl...
Stag Beetle (3702 bytes)
8: {{Taxobox_subphylum_entry | taxon = [[Hexapoda]]}}
17: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = '''Lucanidae'''}}
28: ... 5 cm (2 in). Once common over much of Southern [[England]] and [[Wales]], they have been in decline over t...
30: ...like the horns of a cervus. The Stag beetle is predated on by [[magpie]]s, [[badger (animal)|badger]]s...
Bird ringing (5302 bytes)
14: ...h Thomson]] in Aberdeen and [[Harry Witherby]] in England, though smaller individual marking tests had bega...
26: ===Field-readable rings===
28: A field-readable is a ring or rings, usually made from plastic ...
33: ...lug the nostrils. '''Neck collars''' made of expandable, non-heat-conducting plastic are very useful f...
Blue Shark (2648 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
9: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Carcharhinidae]]}}
13: ...glauca | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] | date = [[1758]]}}
15: ...known to [[migrate]] long distances -- from [[New England]] to [[South America]] for example. Although gen...
19: ...er and thus are not included in lists of sharks endangering humans. However, they are believed to att...
Brine shrimp (4112 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Arthropoda]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Artemiidae]]}}
27: ...temia'' were first discovered in [[Lymington]], [[England]] in [[1755]]. There are mixed views on whether a...
33: ...as these areas are uninhabitable for potential predators.
39: ...ium hydroxide]] concentration of the lake would endanger them because of the the increase in [[pH]]. H...
Ireland (33828 bytes)
15: ...e merged or divided, but constitutionally the boundaries have to be observed. Across Ireland, the 32 c...
30: ...ngdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]. Prior to [[England|English]] rule in [[Middle Ages|medi涡l]] times ...
52: ...y carved stone crosses that dot the island. Sites dating to this period include [[clochan]]s, [[ringfo...
56: ...ivided into [[province]]s, of which four remain today: [[Munster]], [[Leinster]], [[Connacht]] and [[U...
57: ...ations in [[Laois|Leix]] ("King's County", modern day Laois) and [[Offaly]] ("Queen's County"). In an ...
Badminton (12494 bytes)
5: ...er the net so that it lands inside the marked boundaries of the court, and aim to prevent their oppone...
30: ...over the net onto the court within the marked boundaries before the opposing player or pair can hit it...
59: ... should be hit to the centre line or the back boundary line.
76: In [[England]] since medieval times a children's game called '...
82: ...Duke of Beaufort's estate in [[Gloucestershire]], England.
Archery (18991 bytes)
9: ...d archery competitions began around [[1583]] in [[England]]. Archery has been an [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] ...
60: ...insbury' mark is 13 score and 5 (265) yards. When England was a less crowded, country roving marks was a po...
96: The [[crossbow]], while dating from classical times, became quite popular du...
110: ...st popular weapon being [[Rondel (dagger)|roundel dagger]], a long thin knife that could be pushed thr...
127: ... The soft fletching and flexible shaft cause less damage if they hit. Professional soldiers wore leath...
Bowling (1865 bytes)
6: *[[Five-pin bowling]], played in [[Canada]]
8: ...pin bowling]], played in eastern Canada and [[New England]], is a variation of ten-pin bowling, where the p...
9: ...nd in central [[Connecticut]], and in eastern Canada, is another variation of ten-pin bowling, where t...
15: *[[Skittles (sport)|Skittles]] — the sport from which "alley" based Bowling ori...
16: *[[Skee ball]] — a game that plays similar to bowling
Golf (35905 bytes)
4: ...he hole by a stroke or successive strokes in accordance with the Rules."'' Golf is believed to have or...
14: ...right|250px|Bunkers at Filton Golf Club, Bristol, England]]
18: ...reen is not static and may be changed from day to day. This hole on the green has a flag on a pole pos...
27: ...y the course layout. On a nine-hole course, a standard round consists of two successive nine-hole roun...
54: ...sh/rules/PDF/RoG2004.pdf] are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by the [[Royal and...
Polo (10046 bytes)
6: :''"Let other people play other things — the king of game is still the game of kings"''
8: ...ence it epitomises the feelings of many players today.
12: ...time before [[Darius the Great]] ([[521 BC|521]]–[[485 BC]]) and his cavalry forged the Second I...
14: ...ian]] force and the followers of Siyⶡsh, a legendary Persian prince from the earliest centuries of t...
27: ...s]] at [[Aldershot]], Hants, introduced polo to [[England]], in [[1869]] after reading an account of the ga...
Crossword (24761 bytes)
1: ...referring to clues by both number and direction – for example, "1-Across" or "17-Down"); at the ...
10: ...per is turned upside down. In addition, many weekday puzzles such as the ''New York Times'' crossword...
18: ...sually 8–13 rows and columns, totalling 81–130 squares. They need not be symmetric and tw...
30: ...in the puzzle grid that try to replicate our everyday colloquial language. In such a puzzle, one might...
33: ...es (generally 3-5 in a standard 15x15-square "weekday"-size puzzle) that share some relationship, type...
St. Valentine's Day (9989 bytes)
1: ... of [[Saint Valentine]], are discussed below. The day's associations with [[romantic love]] arrived af...
3: ...alentines_day_9.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Valentine's Day Clipart provided by [http://classroomclipart.co...
4: ...aking the day the second largest card-sending holiday of the year behind [[Christmas]]. The associatio...
7: ==History of Valentine's Day==
10: ...and fertility dates to ancient times. In the calendar of [[Ancient Athens]], the period between mid Ja...
History of the world (21975 bytes)
7: ...t recent [[Ice Age]], when temperate regions of today were extremely inhospitable. Yet, humans had col...
12: ...nimals may well have developed at similarly early dates. As might be expected, agriculture was particu...
25: ...ere to dominate Chinese thinking until the modern day. These were [[Taoism]], [[Legalism (philosophy)|...
55: ...a in 1041, but the printing press as we know it today was invented in Germany, and became far more wid...
63: ...source of influence, but soon the more northern [[England|English]], [[France|French]], and [[Netherlands|D...
Halloween (18290 bytes)
2: ...ted States]], [[Ireland]], [[Scotland]] and [[Canada]]. Irish, [[Scotland|Scots]] and other immigrants...
4: ...other modern [[pagan]] traditions, though the holiday has lost its religious connotations among the po...
8: ...in particular, the pagan [[Celt]]s celebrated the Day of the Dead on Halloween. The spirits supposedly...
31: ...the houses they visit with a song, trick, joke or dance in order to earn their treats.
39: ...An estimate of $3.12 billion was made for the holiday spending.
Diwali (5677 bytes)
2: ... that is followed by North Indians. The following day, marking the beginning of a new year, for North ...
4: ...follow a different calendar, [[Shalivahana]] calendar. In South India, the new year, entitled [[Ugadi]...
8: ==Date==
10: ...ately every seven years to resynchronize the calendar with the [[season]]s.
12: ...ian dates depending on geographical location, the date of Dipavali also depends on one's location.
Sodalite (4894 bytes)
3: !colspan=2 align=center|Sodalite
5: ...tail of a sodalite slab]]<br><small>Detail of a sodalite slab</small>
23: | [[Fracture]]|| Conchoidal to uneven - brittle
47: ...ldom transparent, sodalite is a member of the [[sodalite group]] and together with [[hauyne]], [[nosea...
49: ...nterior decoration for [[Marlborough House]] in [[England]].
List of chemists (10401 bytes)
20: *[[Johannes Nicolaus Br?d]], (1879-1947), Danish chemist
36: *[[John Dalton]], (1766-1844), physicist
37: ...[[Henrik Carl Peter Dam]], (1895-1976), [[Denmark|Danish]] biochemist, winner of the [[1943]] [[Nobel ...
38: *[[Humphry Davy]], (1778-1829)
43: *[[Davorin Dolar]], (born 1921), chemist
Alexander Graham Bell (18688 bytes)
5: ... rule, owes very little to what he is born with — a man is what he makes of himself. |
6: date_of_birth=[[March 3]] [[1847]] |
9: date_of_death=[[August 2]] [[1922]] |
10: ...ck, Nova Scotia|Baddeck]], [[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]]
12: ...''Alexander Graham Bell''' ([[March 3]] [[1847]]–[[August 2]] [[1922]]) was a [[scientist]], [[i...
Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell (14006 bytes)
2: ...of the Bath|KCB]]''' ([[February 22]], [[1857]] – [[January 8]], [[1941]]) was a soldier, writer...
5: Baden-Powell was born in [[Paddington, London, England|Paddington]], [[London]] in [[1857]]. He was the...
7: ...us artist of some talent, and enjoyed acting. Holidays were usually spent on yachting or canoeing expe...
17: ...umbered, the garrison withstood the siege for 217 days, and much of this is attributable to some of th...
21: ...th Africa]]n Constabulary (police) he returned to England to take up a post as Inspector General of Cavalry...
Benjamin Banneker (3034 bytes)
1: ...'', or '''Bannakay''' ([[November 9]], [[1731]] – [[October 9]], [[1806]]) was an [[African-Amer...
3: ...lsh, was accused of stealing milk and sent from [[England]] to America as punishment. She became the owner ...
5: ...in's father, Robert Bannakay, built a series of [[dam]]s and watercourses that successfully [[irrigati...
Garrett A. Morgan (5956 bytes)
7: ...ati landowner. Like many African-Americans of his day, Morgan had to quit school at a young age, in or...
20: ... wanted the smoke masks. The invention won gold medals from the International Association of Fire Chie...
27: ... his technology patented in [[England]] and [[Canada]] as well.
Philo Farnsworth (6489 bytes)
1: ...lo Taylor Farnsworth''' ([[August 19]] [[1906]] – [[March 11]] [[1971]]) was an [[United States|...
5: .... His father later moved the family to [[Rigby, Idaho]], where he worked as a [[sharecropper]]. Youn...
7: ...ef stint in the [[Navy]], Farnsworth returned to Idaho to help support his mother. He later moved to ...
11: ... time still used a mechanical scanner. In 1931 [[David Sarnoff]] of RCA offered to buy Farnsworth's p...
13: ...nsworth competed with [[EMI]] for forming the standard television system for the [[U.K.]]. By 1939 Fa...
Hot air balloon (8769 bytes)
1: ...he oldest successful human [[flight]] technology, dating back to the [[Montgolfier brothers]]' inventi...
4: ...right|thumb|250px|A hot air balloon over Bristol, England, showing the wickerwork passenger basket. This ba...
17: These lanterns, known as Kung-ming lanterns nowadays, are still being flown in China, despite the ri...
28: ...s are made during the cooler hours of the day, at dawn or two/three hours before sunset. This is also ...
30: ...nflated by a bank of propane torches, just before dawn.]]
Train (10331 bytes)
21: ...tives is said to be "double-headed", but in [[Canada]] and the [[United States]], it is quite common f...
31: ...untries had replaced steam locomotives for day-to-day use by the [[1970s]]. A few countries, most nota...
72: ...r]]' or TOFC trains. There are also some "inter-modal" vehicles, which have two sets of wheels, for us...
89: *[[The Canadian]] in [[Canada]].
Extreme points of the world (6602 bytes)
6: ...r]]s lie further north, the most famous being [[Oodaaq]]. The term ''Ultima Thule'' was given by medie...
8: ...and, according to the path of the [[International Date Line]], is [[Attu Island]], [[Alaska]].
9: ...and, according to the path of the [[International Date Line]], is [[Caroline Island]], [[Kiribati]].
27: ... of the world. [[Surrealist]] artist [[Salvador Dali]] made a even more ambitious claim; that the tr...
32: ***[[Extreme points of Canada]]
Mellotron (7426 bytes)
1: ...iginally developed and built in [[Birmingham]], [[England]] in the early [[1960]]s.
8: ...roduced the first Mellotrons in [[Birmingham]], [[England]]. Bradmatic later took on the name Streetly Elec...
10: ...et]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[King Hussein]] of [[Jordan]] and [[Scientology]] founder [[L. Ron Hubbard]]...
12: ...lyphonic]] electronically generated sounds in the days before polyphonic synthesizers.
22: ...[[Yes (band)|Yes]], and ''Foxtrot'' and ''Selling England By The Pound'' by [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]]. [[L...
Curriculum (904 bytes)
1: ...h as the [[National Curriculum for England]] in [[England|English]] schools). In the [[US]], the basic cur...
17: *[[pedagogy]]
Nutrition (42689 bytes)
1: ...dated [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[food pyramid]], published in [[2005]], is a g...
22: ...]] and [[pasta]]. Farming also provided milk and dairy products, and sharply increased the availabili...
27: ...Daniel and his friends received their diet for 10 days and were then compared to the king’s men. App...
28: * 1500s: Scientist and artist [[Leonardo da Vinci]] compared [[metabolism]] to a burning cand...
30: ...etails of metabolism, demonstrating that the [[oxidation]] of food is the source of body heat.
Erasmus (18332 bytes)
2: ...otterdam''') ([[October 27]], probably [[1466]] – [[July 12]], [[1536]]) was a [[Netherlands|Dut...
6: ...ven the best education open to a young man of his day in a series of monastic or semi-monastic schools...
8: ...ught in the stirring days of King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]: [[John Colet]], [[Thomas More]], [...
16: ...omne, diligenter ab Erasmo Rot. Recognitum et Emendatum''. The edition included a Latin translation a...
21: ...m, it seemed to the straightforward Luther an avoidance of responsibility due either to [[cowardice]] ...
Sea star (6210 bytes)
22: ...ye is able to "see" only differences of light and dark; useful in detecting movement.
28: ... as [[deuterostome]]s. Since echinoderms and chordates share this same embryological pattern, they ar...
37: ...on in the [[Cretaceous]] [[Chalk Formation]] of [[England]].
39: ...Lias formation near [[Bridport]], [[Dorset]] in [[England]].
Glacial motion (2558 bytes)
13: ...drumlin]]s, and [[kame]]s. The stone walls of New England contain many [[glacial erratic]]s, rocks that wer...
15: ...med lakes occur when a stream (or snow runoff) is dammed by [[glacial till]].
Olympia (2033 bytes)
4: *[[Olympia Heights, Florida]]
6: *[[Olympia, England]]
23: ...-6), a [[protected cruiser]] in service [[1895]]–[[1922]], and presently a [[museum ship]] in [[...
San Francisco, California (55022 bytes)
22: timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|PST]] |
24: timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] |
31: ...ates]], in terms of population. It is a [[consolidated city-county]] (the only one in California) sit...
33: ... whose population is over 7 million. U.S. census data show that San Francisco has the highest populat...
44: ...rea was first settled by William Richardson, an [[England|English]] whaler.
Bill Clinton (59225 bytes)
5: | date1=[[January 20]], [[1993]]
6: | date2=[[January 20]], [[2001]]
9: | date of birth=[[August 19]], [[1946]]
12: | date of death=
23: ...grand jury for his handling of the [[Lewinsky scandal|Monica Lewinsky affair]] [http://thomas.loc.gov/...
John F. Kennedy (36524 bytes)
5: | date1=[[January 20]], [[1961]]
6: | date2=[[November 22]], [[1963]]
9: | date of birth=[[May 29]], [[1917]]
12: | date of death=[[November 22]], [[1963]]
13: | place of death=[[Dallas]], [[Texas]]
Warren G. Harding (30163 bytes)
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1921]]
6: | date2=[[August 2]], [[1923]]
9: | date of birth=[[November 2]], [[1865]]
12: | date of death=[[August 2]], [[1923]]
18: ...Governor of Ohio|Lieutenant Governor]] ([[1903]]–[[1905]]).
National Football League (30340 bytes)
8: ...ular season has begun on the Thursday after Labor Day.
18: <tr><td>[[New England Patriots]]</td><td>[[Cleveland Browns]]</td><td>[...
24: <tr><td>[[Dallas Cowboys]]</td><td>[[Chicago Bears]]</td><td>[...
31: ...etroit Lions each play a game on [[Thanksgiving]] day.
73: ...isting of seven rounds) that takes place over two days in April, in which all NFL teams participate. T...
Aaron Burr (20716 bytes)
3: '''Aaron Burr, Jr.''' ([[February 6]], [[1756]]–[[September 14]], [[1836]]) was an [[United Sta...
7: ...n University]]; his mother Esther Edwards was the daughter of [[Jonathan Edwards (theology)|Jonathan E...
13: ... himself as a [[Roman Catholic]] priest, making a dangerous journey of 120 miles to [[Montreal]] throu...
18: ...r daughter, Sarah, died at age three, their older daughter [[Theodosia Alston|Theodosia]], born in [[1...
20: ...rr was in his eighties), which was granted on the day of his death. Those papers were served to Burr ...
History of India (31279 bytes)
5: At [[Bhimbetka]] in the present-day state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] are found the earlie...
11: ... in the edicts of the Mauryan Emperor [[Ashoka]], dating to the [[500 BC|5th century BC]], of the [[Ch...
20: ...ntury. By the year 1818, virtually all of present-day India was under the sway of the [[British East I...
30: ...uthern India. A tradition of Indian [[rock art]] dates to 40 or 50,000 years ago.
32: ...|7th Millennium BCE]], in northwest India. Recent data, substantiated by satellite imagery and oceanog...
Julius Caesar (50670 bytes)
2: ...ent whose direct consequences are visible to this day.
11: ...ocratic patrician stock, were not rich by the standards of the Roman nobility. Thus, no member of his...
13: ...s also married to Cornelia Cinnilla, the youngest daughter of [[Cinna|Lucius Cornelius Cinna]], Marius...
15: ... said, "He whose life you so much desire will one day be the overthrow of the part of nobles, whose ca...
21: ...lect the ransom money. In all he was held for 38 days would often laughingly threaten to have them al...
Amphitheatre (4978 bytes)
21: ===[[England]]===
24: *[[Chester, England|Deva]]
50: ...001138 Rembrandstraat] with a few bits of its foundations still visible)
76: * [[M鲩da, Spain|M鲩da]]
96: ...eatres include [[Echo Rock]], [[New Mexico]], [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] and [[Red Rocks, Colo...
Louis Bleriot (3099 bytes)
2: '''Louis Blériot''' ([[July 1]] [[1872]] – [[August 2]] [[1936]]) was a [[France|French]]...
14: ...09]] he made the trip from [[Calais]] to [[Dover, England|Dover]] in 37 minutes, delighting the French and ...
19: ... also opened flying schools before World War I in England at [[Brooklands]] and Hendon Aerodromes as well a...
Charles Kingsford Smith (4894 bytes)
4: ...ved in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]. Upon returning to Australia, he attended [[St ...
8: In [[1930]], he competed in an England to Australia [[air race]], and, flying solo, won ...
10: ...ngsford Smith met his end. Once again flying from England to Australia, he and his copilot departed [[Allah...
Blimp (3839 bytes)
7: ...arance of the word in print was in [[1916]], in [[England]], a year before the first B-class airship."'' ("...
23: ...deal as they can hover, and are less likely to be damaged by volcanic ash than a [[helicopter]]. They ...
25: ...areas using ultra-wideband [[synthetic aperture radar]] units mounted on blimps.
41: ...[http://www.lightships.com/ The Lightship Group]—Blimp operators
History of rail transport (7056 bytes)
6: ...chanized transport, railways had their start in [[England]] in the [[1820s]]. They remained the only practi...
14: ... locomotive had no name, and was used at the Pennydarren ironworks in [[Wales]]. It was not financiall...
20: The [[Stockton and Darlington]] Railway Company's first line was opened...
44: ** [[History of rail transport in Canada|Canada]]
Steamboat (11603 bytes)
17: ...]], having learned of Watt's engine on a visit to England, made his own engine and in [[1763]] attempted to...
23: ...ndas]] and in March [[1802]] the ''[[Charlotte Dundas]]'' towed two 70 ton barges 30 km (almost 20 mil...
25: ... and was aware of the success of the Charlotte Dundas. Before returning to the [[United States of Amer...
27: In [[Scotland]] the ideas of the ''Charlotte Dundas'' were taken up by [[Henry Bell]], and in [[1812...
30: ...amboats, very few of which survive to the present day, most destroyed by boiler explosions or fires. ...
Blackbeard (5955 bytes)
2: ...each''' alias '''Edward Thatch''', a notorious [[England|English]] [[pirate]] who had a short reign of ter...
6: ...ough it is believed he was born in [[Bristol]], [[England]] in [[1680]]. His career began as a [[seaman]] o...
22: ...cumentaries. He acquired immense wealth in his predatory voyages, and was accustomed to burying his tr...
Pirate Ship (44502 bytes)
4: ...llenges global governance |date=2009-04-09 |accessdate=2009-04-09 |publisher=[[Open Democracy]]}}</ref...
29: ...im raiders [[Sack of Rome (846)|sacked Rome]] and damaged the Vatican. In 911, the bishop of [[Narbonn...
31: ...] tribe settled the land of [[Pagania]] between [[Dalmatia]] and [[Zachlumia]] in the first half of th...
37: ...ikings, [[Picts]], and Welsh in their invasion of England. [[Athelstan]] drove them back.
39: ...[[North Sea]] and the Baltic Sea was seriously in danger of attack by the pirates.
Francis Drake (14963 bytes)
1: ...sDrake.jpg|framed|Sir Francis Drake, c. [[1540]]–[[1596]].]]
2: ...he English fleet which defeated the [[Spanish Armada]] in [[1588]].
7: ...n and could be as early as [[1535]]. The [[1540]] date is taken from a portrait painted quite late in ...
12: ...s but earned Drake the favour of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]].
13: ... silver because it was too heavy to carry back to England. It was during this expedition that he became the...
Henry Morgan (5671 bytes)
4: ...mos, [[Trujillo]] and [[Granada, Nicaragua | Granada]] were taken. In [[1666]] Morgan commanded a ship...
6: ...tress. The governor of Panama, astonished at this daring adventure, in vain attempted to drive out the...
12: ...sh holdings, Morgan was arrested and conducted to England in [[1672]]. His fortunes turned again, and in [[...
26: ...-wales.co.uk/morgan.htm Henry Morgan entry at www.data-wales.co.uk]
William Dampier (7308 bytes)
1: ...William_Dampier.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|William Dampier, pirate, navigator and explorer]]
2: ...ier''' ([[1652]] – March, [[1715]]) was a [[England|English]] explorer, sea captain, and scientific o...
4: Dampier was born at [[East Coker]] in [[Somerset]] a...
7: ...ed a raid across the [[Dari鮠Province|Isthmus of Dari鮝] in [[Panama]] and captured Spanish ships on...
9: ...the [[East Indies]], calling at [[Guam]] and [[Mindanao]]. Leaving Swan and 36 others behind, the rest...
William Kidd (4938 bytes)
2: ...e he married Sarah Bradley Cox Oort. They had two daughters: Elizabeth and Sarah Kidd. The marriage br...
4: ... lords, who were amongst the most powerful men in England; the [[Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford|Earl of...
6: ...leg of his voyage, to New York, he proceeded to Madagascar but was not able to find pirates to take in...
8: ...s to become a pirate. In a subsequent fight a few days later, Kidd threw an ironbound bucket at Moore ...
10: ... [[1698]] he took an English ship called the ''Quedah Merchant''. While approaching the Ship he raised...
Pirate (23151 bytes)
2: ...eedboat]]s wearing [[balaclava]]s instead of [[bandana]]s, using [[AK-47]]s rather than [[cutlass]]es.
4: ...s also much reduced in the [[Caribbean Sea]] from days of yore. Seaborne piracy against transport vess...
24: ... famous privateer was [[Sir Francis Drake]] and [[England]] was the main nation in promoting them.
32: ===Effects on international boundaries===
38: ...l waters|high seas]], inhibiting [[trade]], and endangering maritime communication were considered by ...
American Revolutionary War (40738 bytes)
1: The '''American Revolutionary War''' ([[1775]]–[[1783]]), also known as the '''American War of...
12: ...r) a regular army—the [[Continental Army]]—in June of 1775, and appointed [[George Washing...
15: ...sh;American colonists who sided with the British—fielded perhaps 50,000 men during the war years...
33: ...l Patriot riders—including [[Paul Revere]]—alerted the countryside, and when the British t...
43: === Canada, 1775-76 ===
Benjamin Franklin (22881 bytes)
2: ...'Benjamin Franklin''' ([[January 17]], [[1706]] – [[April 17]], [[1790]]) was an [[United States...
9: ...n, was born at [[Ecton]], [[Northamptonshire]], [[England]] on [[December 23]], [[1657]] the son of Thomas ...
13: ...ing the second half of 1683, the Franklins left [[England]] for [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Massach...
21: ... brother James, a printer who published the ''New England Courant''.
25: ... is a penny earned" are now commonly quoted every day by people all over the world.
Charles Babbage (13539 bytes)
2: '''Charles Babbage''' ([[December 26]] [[1791]] – [[October 18]] [[1871]]) was an [[United Kingd...
8: ...n, a thriving comprehensive school still extant today, but his health forced him back to private tutor...
29: ... calculating engine in a letter to Sir [[Humphrey Davy]] in [[1822]].
42: He moved to 1 Dorset Street upon returning to England in [[1828]].
48: ...of the Engine are at length in a place of safety—I am almost worn out with disgust and annoyance...
Jefferson Davis (14427 bytes)
2: ...:President-Jefferson-Davis.jpg|thumb|'''Jefferson Davis''']]
3: '''Jefferson Davis''' ([[June 3]], [[1808]]–[[December 6]], [[1889]]) was an [[United State...
6: ... under [[Andrew Jackson]] and receiving his commendation for bravery in the [[Battle of New Orleans]].
8: During Davis's youth, his family moved several times, in [[...
10: ...[[Lexington, Kentucky]] in [[1821]]. In [[1824]], Davis entered the [[United States Military Academy]]...
Belle Boyd (1031 bytes)
2: ...gton, DC|Washington]]. In [[1864]] she went to [[England]] where she met and married a Union naval officer...
Henry Hudson (4760 bytes)
1: ...d in [[1611]] somewhere in [[Hudson Bay]], [[Canada]].
3: ...urther due to the ice and he decided to return to England on the 31st. On the return voyage Hudson discover...
7: ...claim the area and set up a colony as [[New Amsterdam]].
9: ...ts]], a set of [[Mercantilism|mercantilist]] laws England had enacted to protect its trade routes from the ...
John Cabot (5966 bytes)
2: ...ularly credited as the modern discoverer of [[Canada]], or at least the region that would become that ...
4: He was born Giovanni Caboto, but later made [[England]] his base of operations and is best known as Joh...
6: ... references give [[Genoa]], others [[Gaeta]]. The date was around [[1451]], but he moved to [[Venice]]...
10: ...o the west for himself. He went with his plans to England, because he incorrectly thought [[spices]] were c...
12: King [[Henry VII of England]] gave him a grant "full and free authoritie, lea...
John Hanning Speke (2178 bytes)
1: ...ypothesis]], a suspected major cause of the [[Rwandan genocide]].
7: Speke returned to England before Burton, and made their voyage famous. Burt...
9: ...an]], where he met [[Samuel Baker]], then back to England.
11: ...September 16]], [[1864]], but Speke died just one day before, of a hunting accident - although Burton ...
Germanic tribes (16394 bytes)
14: ...f southern Scandinavia (2-3 degrees warmer than today) deteriorated considerably, which not only drama...
18: ... of the [[Celts]] inhabiting the more southerly [[Danube]] and Alpine regions during the same period.
25: ...ome]] advanced her borders to the [[Rhine]] and [[Danube]], incorporating many [[Celtic]] societies in...
27: ...efinition of the "Germania magna": from Rhine and Danube in the West and South to the Vistula and the ...
32: ...en]] the [[Geats]] merged with the [[Swedes]]. In England, for example, we now most often refer to the [[An...
March 17 (9666 bytes)
1: ...alendar]] (77th in [[Leap year]]s). There are 289 days remaining.
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
6: ...mpeius|Pompey the Younger]] in the [[Battle of Munda]].
9: *[[1756]] - [[St. Patrick's Day]] is celebrated in [[New York City]] for the fir...
19: *[[1931]] - [[Nevada]] legalizes [[gambling]].
March 18 (10594 bytes)
1: ...alendar]] (78th in [[leap year]]s). There are 288 days remaining.
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
18: ...sh]] & [[France|French]] naval attack on the [[Dardanelles]].
20: *[[1922]] - In [[India]], [[Mohandas Gandhi]] is sentenced to six years in [[prison]]...
23: ...ian]] forces a grave defeat at the [[Battle of Guadalajara]].
March 19 (9902 bytes)
1: ...alendar]] (79th in [[leap year]]s). There are 287 days remaining.
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
10: ...entonville]] begins. By the end of the battle two days later the Confederate forces have retreated fro...
14: ...gress]] establishes [[time zone]]s and approves [[daylight saving time]].
29: ... Representatives]] begins broadcasting its day-to-day business via the cable television network [[C-SP...
March 20 (10075 bytes)
1: ...alendar]] (80th in [[Leap year]]s). There are 286 days remaining.
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
7: ... [[Henry V of England|Henry V]] becomes King of [[England]].
8: *[[1602]] – The [[Dutch East India Company]] is establishe...
9: *[[1739]] – [[Nadir Shah]] occupies [[Delhi]] in [[India]]...
March 22 (9294 bytes)
1: ...lendar]] (82nd in [[Leap year]]s). There are 284 days remaining.
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
7: ...own massacre]]: [[Algonquian]] Indians kill 347 [[England|English]] settlers around [[Jamestown, Virginia]]...
10: ...5|Stamp Act]], the first direct tax levied from [[England]] on the American colonies.
18: *[[1941]] - [[Washington]]'s [[Grand Coulee Dam]] begins to generate [[electricity]].
March 23 (10340 bytes)
1: ...lendar]] (83rd in [[Leap year]]s). There are 283 days remaining.
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
24: ...esolution]] (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or the then Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General C...
25: ...ian Ocean]], [[Japan]]ese forces capture the [[Anadaman Islands]].
27: ...ng Contest]] for [[Denmark]] singing "Dansevise" (Dancing tune).
Richmond, Virginia (20197 bytes)
29: ...px; border-bottom:3px solid gray;" |[[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5
46: ... The name comes from [[Richmond upon Thames]], [[England]].
48: ...o the family of Confederate President [[Jefferson Davis]]. In April of [[1865]], Richmond was burned b...
50: ...[[1910]], Manchester agreed to a political consolidation with the much larger independent city of Rich...
84: ...hmond, Virginia)|West End]] and [[Church Hill]] – site of Patrick Henery's famous speech.
Atlanta, Georgia (39442 bytes)
16: |timezone=[[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5
33: ...ed and suggested that the city be named after his daughter, Martha, instead. Therefore, starting in [...
36: ...ngs and possible union assets destroyed. The next day, mayor [[James Calhoun]] surrendered the city, a...
45: ...rom the national media and from presidential candidate [[John F. Kennedy]]. Despite this incident, Atl...
53: ...A]]s, Atlanta is the third-highest in elevation — behind slightly higher [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoe...
Honolulu, Hawaii (19495 bytes)
29: ...ses through the islands much of year. The average daily low and high temperature in January is 65/80 &...
33: ...;olaupoko District. On the west, the district boundary follows Hālawa Stream, then crosses Red Hi...
43: Captain William Brown of England was the first foreigner to sail, in [[1794]], int...
46: ...the center of commerce in the islands, with descendants of American missionaries establishing their bu...
50: ...ld bring thousands of visitors to the islands. Today, Honolulu is a modern city with numerous high-ri...
Boston, Massachusetts (36071 bytes)
25: ...e unofficial capital of the region known as [[New England]] as well as one of the oldest and wealthiest cit...
34: ... who lived there, Boston is named after [[Boston, England]], a town in [[Lincolnshire]] from which several ...
41: ...ound [[streetcar]] subway in [[North America]]. Today it is known as "The T" and is run by the [[Massa...
45: ... Boston's ambiance has improved in recent years — city streets bustle with a vitality not seen s...
59: ...are built on [[Land reclamation|reclaimed land]]—two and a half of Boston's three original hills...
Trenton, New Jersey (12026 bytes)
27: ...aximum security units and houses the state's most dangerous criminals, is also located in Trenton.
32: ...effield]], UK. Quakers were being persecuted in [[England]] at this time and North America provided the per...
44: ...[Charlie Weis]], former [[New York City]] mayor [[David Dinkins]], [[Supreme Court]] Justice [[Antonin...
52: ...ties. Despite their less than stellar public secondary [[education]], Trenton High students have still...
Albany, New York (8184 bytes)
33: ...ecame [[James VII|James VII of Scotland and II of England]]. The Duke of Albany is a Scottish title given s...
62: ...stablished in [[1814]], is the oldest independent day school for girls in the country." ([http://www.a...
87: ...//www.timesunion.com Albany Times Union] Albany's daily newspaper
Raleigh, North Carolina (12457 bytes)
42: ... casualties included 400-500 destroyed or heavily damaged homes and two fatalities; both of them child...
44: ...point on the [[Fujita scale]], with some F4 level damage was observed in Raleigh.
89: ...name '''Jesse O.''', is a [[co-educational]] secondary [[Wake County]] [[public high school]] that ser...
90: ...ucational]], [[International Baccalaureate]] secondary [[Wake County]] [[public high school]] that ser...
91: ...rive High School''', is a [[co-educational]] secondary [[Wake County]] [[public high school]] that ser...
Bismarck, North Dakota (4472 bytes)
2: ...cross the [[Missouri River]] from [[Mandan, North Dakota]].
9: state = North Dakota|
15: county = [[Burleigh County, North Dakota|Burleigh County]] |
37: ...sia|Russian]] (7.7%), [[Ireland|Irish]] (7.2%), [[England|English]] (5.0%), [[Sweden|Swedish]] (4.3%).
38: [[Image:Northdakota_state_map.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [...
List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
14: *[[John Couch Adams]] (United Kingdom, [[1819]] - [[1892]])
25: *[[Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov]] (Russia, [[1912]] - [[1999]...
64: *[[Isaac Barrow]] (England, [[1630]] - [[1677]])
66: *[[David Bates (physicist)|David Bates]]
67: *[[Thomas Bayes]] (England, [[1702]] - [[1761]])
List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
8: ...arc Aaronson]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1950]] – [[1987]])
9: ... Ogden Abell]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1927]] – [[1983]])
10: *[[Antonio Abetti]] ([[Italy]], [[1846]] – [[1928]])
11: *[[Georgio Abetti]] ([[Italy]], [[1882]] – [[1982]])
12: ...reeley Abbot]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1872]] – [[1973]])
Geography of Estonia (3012 bytes)
3: The climate resembles [[New England]]'s. [[Oil shale]] and [[limestone]] deposits, al...
19: '''Land boundaries:'''<br />
53: ''party to:'' Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, ...
French language (40201 bytes)
3: ...], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]], [[Senegal]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Togo]], [[Central African Repub...
19: ...unced {{IPA|[fʀɑ̃sɛ]}} in standard French, but often heard pronounced {{IPA|[f&#64...
25:
27: ...were no words in Latin were imported into Latin — for example, clothing items such as ''les brai...
35: ...e that once existed between "yes" in the south of England and "aye" in the North.
Amusement park (17293 bytes)
1: ... mainstreet.JPG|thumb|right|320px|[[Six Flags New England]], an amusement park in [[Springfield, Massachuse...
5: ...ent or temporary, usually periodic, such as a few days or weeks per year. The temporary (often annual)...
7: ...county and state fairs (in the United States). Today, amusement parks have largely been replaced by t...
9: For a remarkable example of a European park, dating from [[1843]] and still existing, see [[Tivol...
14: ...arks as well as the later modern theme parks of today.
Roller coaster (14862 bytes)
9: ...ical a roller coaster are not self-powered. A standard full-circuit lift-powered coaster works like th...
23: ...ennsylvania]] and [[Blackpool Pleasure Beach]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom|UK]].
29: ...r, second only to Six Flags Great Adventure's Kingda Ka]]
30: ...er in a bodyless frame, with the passenger's legs dangling in the air and providing a less-obstructed ...
32: ...he records for greatest speed and height is [[Kingda Ka]] at [[Six Flags Great Adventure]] with a top...
Mahatma Gandhi (35350 bytes)
2: subject_name=Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi |
3: image_name=Mohandas Gandhi.jpg |
4: ... the Nation|Father of the nation]]"'' —Mohandas Gandhi |
6: date_of_birth=[[October 2]], [[1869]] |
7: place_of_birth=[[Porbandar]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]] |
Thomas Hobbes (26163 bytes)
4: '''Thomas Hobbes''' ([[April 5]], [[1588]] – [[December 4]], [[1679]]) was a noted [[Englis...
10: ...l (see [[Hertford College]]). The principal of Magdalen was the aggressive [[Puritan]] [[John Wilkinso...
20: ...n. Despite his interest in this phenomenon, he disdained experimental work as in [[physics]]. He went ...
28: ==Civil war in England==
30: ...rbiere]] through the [[Elzevir press]] at [[Amsterdam]] with a new preface and some new notes in reply...
Rail transport (15539 bytes)
15: ...e]]). Conversely, US freight railways have consolidated and become more efficient in their progress to...
24: ...irement changed over time and left the system to adapt?
53: ...ckton and Darlington Railway]], ran in northern [[England]] in the [[1820s]]. This was soon followed by the...
112: ... Defending Rail Services and Jobs in the North of England
126: [[da:Jernbane]]
History of Christianity (35391 bytes)
8: ...y and the temple priesthood, and later rabbinic Judaism.
10: ...a national one—the deliverer of [[Israel]]—and differs significantly from the Christian un...
12: ... beliefs are specifically commemorated on certain days each year, use of [[music]] in hymns and prayer...
14: *[[Judaism]]
29: ...de Laws]] subset of the [[Law of Moses]]. The [[Didache]] found in the [[Apostolic Fathers]] collectio...
Harp (23216 bytes)
12: ...ypt]]. It is mentioned in the [[Bible]] -- [[King David]] was a harpist -- and ancient epics, and even...
14: ...d along the neck to allow for the double-action pedal harp, capable of raising the pitch of a string b...
16: ...hology]], a magical harp is possessed by [[The Dagda]].
22: ==The pedal/concert harp==
24: The '''pedal harp''', or '''concert harp''', is large and tec...
Yo-yo (9646 bytes)
16: ... enjoyed periods of popularity in [[Scotland]], [[England]], [[India]], and even [[Egypt]]. The ''emigrette...
21: ...here tradition maintains that use of the folk toy dates back at least a number of centuries. The name ...
25: ...ortune by [[Great Depression|depression era]] standards. It turned out to be a sound investment, makin...
28: ...ince [[1955]]. They continue to run the company today.
30: ==Yo-yos today and in the future==
Ballet (9155 bytes)
1: [[Image:snowdance.jpg|250px|thumb|The Waltz of the Snowflakes fr...
3: ...nique are called '''ballets''' and may include: [[dance]], [[mime]], [[acting]] and [[music]] ([[Orche...
5: ...'s ''Il Ballarino'', a technical manual on ballet dancing that helped to establish [[Italy]] as a majo...
11: ... op鲡-ballet, and a school to train professional dancers was attached to the Acad魩e Royale de Musiq...
13: ...he ballet d'action, in which the movements of the dancers are designed to express character and assist...
Allemande (1374 bytes)
1: ...[[dance]] popular in [[Baroque music]], and a standard element of a [[suite]], generally the first or ...
3: ... dance of moderate tempo, presumably derived from dances supposed to be favored in [[Germany]] at the ...
5: [[Italy|Italian]] and [[England|English]] composers were more free with the allem...
7: ...]], "allemande" came to be used for a new type of dance in triple meter; [[Carl Maria von Weber|Weber'...
Apache (7848 bytes)
3: ...leaders have included [[Cochise]], [[Mangas Coloradas]], and [[Geronimo]]. The U.S. Army found them t...
8: ... in North America fan out from west-central [[Canada]] where some Southern Athabaskan-speaking groups ...
12: :''After seventeen days of travel, I came upon a rancheria of the India...
16: ...habaskan nomadic way of life complicates accurate dating, primarily because they constructed less-subs...
28: ...rde, Arizona and at the end of February an Exodus Days celebration with an historic re-enactment and a...
Tennis (24557 bytes)
1: ...a very different kind of a court. Originating in England in the late 19th Century, the game spread first t...
54: ...events beyond the players' control, such as rain, damaged footwear, or the need to chase an [[errant]]...
76: ...] has one of the best [[forehand|forehands]] in today's tennis; he is using a Western grip.]]
80: ...ale and young players use the two-handed stroke today.
102: ...anish merchant, who both lived in [[Birmingham]], England played a game they named "[[pelota]]", after a Sp...
List of male tennis players (14849 bytes)
1: ...Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] tournament, or medalists at the [[Olympic Games]]:
46: *[[Darren Cahill]] - ([[1965]]-) - (Australia)
59: ...nell]] - ([[:Category:Canadian tennis players|Canada]]) - doublist specialist
72: *[[Dwight Davis]] ([[1879]]-[[1945]]) - (USA)
73: *[[Scott Davis (tennis player)|Scott Davis]] - (USA)
List of female tennis players (8364 bytes)
12: * [[Sue Barker]] (England)
16: * [[Carling Bassett-Seguso]] (Canada)
17: * [[Chantal Beetham]] (Canada)
24: * [[Alyona Bondarenko]] (Ukraine)
45: * [[Amanda Coetzer]] (South Africa)
Republican Party (United States) (31573 bytes)
9: foundation = [[February 28]], [[1854]] |
18: ...f the party – and its ''de facto'' leader – and it currently has majorities in the [[Unite...
31: ...mong core social conservatives rather than accommodate certain moderate positions, whose adherents are...
33: .../BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Year=2003&Month=November&Date=7]. In the early 20th century, the traditional ...
46: ...ry northern Democrats which had existed since the days of [[Andrew Jackson]]. Instead, a new era of Re...
The Star-Spangled Banner (15265 bytes)
11: ...lag, with fifteen stars and fifteen stripes, is today on display in the [[National Museum of American ...
13: The next day, Key wrote a poem aboard the ship on the back of...
15: ...ted anonymously in Baltimore on [[September 17]]—of these, two known copies still exist.
19: ...ery professional baseball game in United States today, though it is now performed prior to the first p...
23: ==Adaptations and modern history==
White Pelican (1934 bytes)
2: ...e Martin Wildlife and Dinosaur Park, North Devon, England]] | caption = }}
5: {{Taxobox phylum entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
8: {{Taxobox familia entry | taxon = [[Pelecanidae]]}}
12: ...otalus | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] | date = 1758}}
17: ...nd pinkish legs. Immature birds are grey and have dark flight [[feather]]s.
Law (13360 bytes)
2: ...r [[norm (philosophy)|norms]] of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified [[relationship]]...
7: ... which, along with the SEC, a regulatory body, mandates how public companies must go about making peri...
13: ...egal systems—at least in the Western world—are quite similar in their essential themes, ar...
15: One of the fundamental similarities across different legal systems...
43: ...d]], especially during the reign of [[Henry II of England|Henry II]]
Jury (14851 bytes)
14: ...cordingly. Occasionally, a jury may find the defendant "not guilty" even though he violated the law if...
18: ...trial stems back to [[Magna Carta]], which gave [[England|English]] [[nobles]] and [[freemen]] the right to...
27: ...ould have to be very well based, such as the defendant knowing a potential juror, to be allowed.
28: ...xclude jurors who might show affinity to the defendant.
32: ... Juries may [[deliberate]] for as many as several days.
Jury trial (20452 bytes)
9: ...xon tradition. The English king [[Ethelred II of England|Ethelred the Unready]] set up an early legal syst...
11: [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]] took a major step in developing t...
15: ...l clauses of [[Magna Carta]], signed by [[John of England|King John]]. Article 39 of the Magna Carta read:
24: ...iding on the facts, and making a decision in accordance with the rules of [[law]] and their [[jury ins...
27: ...ome jurisdictions with jury trials allow the defendant to waive their right to a jury trial, this lead...
Atlantis (41399 bytes)
7: The origins of the story of Atlantis date back to Egyptian priests who transfered it to [...
12: ... lawgiver [[Solon]], itself quite possibly a legendary event. Sonchis, priest of [[Thebes (Egypt)|Theb...
17: ...five days' sail to the west of what is called nowadays [[Britain]]. He added that westwards from that ...
20: ... Athene]], the [[Panathenaea]] was dated from the days of king [[Theseus]]. It consisted of a solemn ...
21: ...e plains with navigable rivers. [[Scylax of Caryanda]] gives similar account.
Ancient Pueblo Peoples (6087 bytes)
1: ...he term "Anasazi" is not preferred by their descendants, though there is still some controversy amongs...
3: ...erican]] civilization centered around the present-day [[Four Corners (United States)|Four Corners]] ar...
9: ...so known for their unique style of [[pottery]], today considered valuable for their rarity.
15: ... are by nature arbitrary, and are based solely on data available at the time of analysis and publicati...
22: ...n image of territories separated by clear-cut boundaries, like modern state lines. These simply did n...
Petroglyph (5591 bytes)
13: ...]]s and [[ideogram]]s. The oldest petroglyphs are dated to the border times between the neolithic and ...
17: ...navia seem to indicate some form of territory boundaries between [[tribe]]s, except its religious mean...
19: ...ly be written in [[Ogam]], an Irish Celtic script dating back to the 6th to 8th century AD, and that t...
21: ...ich Fell responded by accusing them of being "too damn lazy" to read his writings, and of being "ignor...
40: ...etroglyph Provincial Park]], [[Nanaim0]], BC, Canada [http://www.britishcolumbia.com/ParksAndTrails/Pa...
Bayeux Tapestry (13194 bytes)
2: ... of [[Bayeux]] in [[Normandy]]. It was made in [[England]] after the [[Norman Conquest]] of [[1066]], and ...
5: ...mous tapestry used to be attributed to Queen Matilda, William’s wife, but it was probably commis...
7: ...eum in a dark room with special lighting to avoid damaging it.
9: ...f muted brick, rust, mustard yellow, olive-green, dark brown and off-white can be found in cloth tradi...
11: ...on 207) Earlier, it was believed that Queen Matilda constructed the entire tapestry, but this is unli...
Charlemagne (11466 bytes)
2: '''Charlemagne''' (c. [[742]] or [[747]] – [[January 28]], [[814]]) was king of the [[Fra...
4: == Date of birth ==
5: ...at present, it is impossible to be certain of the date of the birth of Charlemagne. The best guesses i...
8: ...8]]) and his wife [[Bertrada of Laon]] ([[720]] – [[July 12]], [[783]]); he was the brother of t...
10: ... News of the Death of his Father and the Great Feudalists offer him the Crown.--Costumes of the Court ...
Inquisition (9274 bytes)
5: ...ike many other religions (e.g., [[Buddhism]], [[Judaism]], [[Islam]]), the Catholic Church has a hiera...
7: ...in Jerusalem]] to deal with the heresy of the [[Judaizers]], who had contended with the Jerusalem fact...
16: ...fficial letter from the Pope, entitled ''Ad abolendam''; "For the purpose of doing away with". The Inq...
20: ...nt]]"). The Inquisition was never instituted in [[England]], but [[Christopher Columbus]] carried it with h...
38: *Some Christian fundamentalist authors like [[Jack Chick]] and [[Albert...
Martin Luther (43050 bytes)
6: date_of_birth=[[November 10]], [[1483]] |
9: date_of_death=[[18 February]], [[1546]] |
12: ...''Martinus Luther''') ([[November 10]], [[1483]]–[[February 18]], [[1546]]) was a [[German peopl...
14: ...translations of the Bible helped to develop a standard version of the [[German language]] and added se...
19: ...eben]], [[Germany]] and was baptized on the feast day of [[Martin of Tours|St. Martin of Tours]], afte...
Celtic mythology (25486 bytes)
4: ...ed that the pagan Celts were not widely literate—although a written form of Gaulish using the [[...
6: ...ormerly (or presently) Celtic-speaking areas post-date the Roman conquest. And although early Gaels in...
12: ... restrictions, his short list is a helpful and fundamentally precise observation. In balancing his des...
43: ...is]], [[Contrebis]], [[Coventina]], [[Damara]], [[Damona]], [[Dea Matrona]], [[Dea Sequana]], [[Dis]],...
47: ...[Murigen]], [[Neit]], [[Nemain]], [[Niamh]], [[Nuada]], [[Ogma]], [[Plor na mBan]], [[Sheila-na-gig]],...
William I of England (8753 bytes)
2: ...England.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''King William I of England'']]
7: ...in [[France]], William succeeded to the throne of England by right of conquest by winning the [[Battle of H...
16: ...was 22. Their marriage produced four sons and six daughters (see list below).
20: ==Conquest of England==
23: ...bably in [[1052]]) and that [[Harold Godwinson]], England's foremost magnate, had reportedly pledged his su...
Moat (2321 bytes)
1: ...manor house of Baddesley Clinton in Warwickshire, England]]
4: The word was adapted in [[Middle English]] from the French ''motte...
Knights Hospitaller (26158 bytes)
3: == Foundation and early history ==
17: ...aly]], [[Aragon]], [[Castile]], [[Germany]] and [[England]]). The English prior at the time was Philip Tham...
25: ...], which they had to give annually on [[All Souls Day]] to the Viceroy of Sicily, who acted as the Kin...
27: ..., Greenwich|Queen's House]], [[Greenwich, London, England|Greenwich, London]]. After the siege a new city h...
29: ...d, outmanuvered and outrun, and by the end of the day almost the entirety of their fleet was destroyed...
Sword (24928 bytes)
2: ..., to hurt") is a term for a long edged weapon, fundamentally consisting of a [[blade]], usually with t...
10: ...nze Age]] onwards. The sword developed from the [[dagger]] when the construction of longer blades beca...
22: ... BC]] [[Qin Dynasty]]. The Chinese [[Dao (sword)|Dao]] (刀 [[pinyin]] dāo) is single-edged, sometim...
25: {{dablink|Main articles: [[Viking sword]], [[Arming sw...
27: ... coins). The [[Viking Age]] sees again a more standardized production, but the basic design remains in...
Navajo Nation (14007 bytes)
7: The Nation's boundaries abut the [[Ute|Ute Nation]] at the [[Four Cor...
11: ...tion at a historic homeland where Hopi history predates that of Din頩n the area.
17: ... in North America fan out from west-central [[Canada]] where some Athapaskan-speaking groups still res...
22: :''After seventeen days of travel, I came upon a rancheria of the India...
26: ...habaskan nomadic way of life complicates accurate dating, primarily because they constructed less-subs...
Calico Jack (2810 bytes)
4: Rackham had been the quartermaster on an [[England|English]] [[warship]] called the ''Neptune'' unde...
10: ...oman, Anne dressed up as a man and took the name Adam Bonny. She became a respected member of the crew...
16: ...w were found guilty of piracy and hanged the next day.
Christopher Condent (2308 bytes)
7: ...an coast. In June or July of 1719, he reached [[Madagascar]]. While he was at Sainte Marie, he integra...
9: ...ured a huge [[Arab]] ship, which contained an abundance of treasure and valuables, to the tune of ?150...
13: ...earl, followed Condent from New Providence to [[Madagascar]].
Crimean War (7100 bytes)
8: ...hodoxy|Orthodox Christians]], Russia invaded [[Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]], both semi-autonomous vass...
25: ...es, food, clothing and other necessaries. The scandalous treatment of wounded soldiers in the desperat...
27: ...nd rolled "paper cigars" — [[cigarette]]s — to French and British troops, who copied their...
31: ...e actions in the [[Balkans]], and around the [[Dardanelles]].
69: ...ng ''The Eyre Affair'', are set an alternate 1985 England where the Crimean War is still being fought.
Trebuchet (7499 bytes)
21: ... [[longbow]] in skilled hands, making it somewhat dangerous to be a trebuchet operator during a siege....
31: ...d of the [[12th century]], and were introduced to England in [[1216]] during the Siege of Dover.
37: Today, people still build and use trebuchets as a hobb...
48: ...ypes of trebuchet are more efficient than the standard Fixed-Axle trebuchet.
War of 1812 (34444 bytes)
5: ...lspan=2 bgcolor=#ffcccc|[[Military history of Canada]]<br>[[British military history|Military history ...
9: |Date||1812–1815
56: ... half of the British forces were made up of [[Canada|Canadian]] [[militia]]. Additionally, many [[Nati...
58: ...war created a greater sense of nationalism in Canada and the United States, it produced a national ant...
90: ...erson's embargo was especially unpopular in [[New England]], where merchants preferred the indignities of i...
Viking (18085 bytes)
4: ...omantic]] connotations in the [[18th century]]. Today, somewhat controversially, the word is also used...
13: ...nastery at [[Lindisfarne]] on the east coast of [[England]]. For the next 200 years, [[European]] history ...
15: ...d and colonised large parts of [[England]] (see [[Danelaw]]). They travelled up the rivers of [[France...
17: ===Adam of Bremen===
18: [[Adam of Bremen]] records in his book ''Gesta Hammabur...
Sebastiano Serlio (4494 bytes)
1: '''Sebastiano Serlio''' ([[Bologna]] 1475 – [[Fontainebleau]] ''ca'' 1554), the Italian [[...
3: ...o Rome in 1514, and worked in the atelier of [[Baldassare Peruzzi]], where he stayed until the [[Sack ...
10: ...ighly influential in France, the Netherlands, and England, as a conveyor of the [[Italian Renaissance]] sty...
Longship (3972 bytes)
8: ...the [[Anglo Saxon]] longship of [[Sutton Hoo]] in England are both good examples.
14: ...n general, the [[Norway|Norwegian]] and [[Denmark|Danish]] [[longship]]s were sailed, while no sailing...
23: ...a]], and used as the flag ship in the conquest of England
Viking Age (10637 bytes)
4: ..., and its end is marked by the failed invasion of England attempted by [[Harald H岤r夥]] in [[1066]].
6: ...rticularly those from the area that is now modern-day Sweden, continued south on rivers to the [[Black...
10: ...gland]] in 1066, after the [[Norman Conquest]] of England.
17: ...e sea. Another reason was that during this period England, Wales and Ireland, which were divided into many ...
22: ===England===
Troy (22846 bytes)
1: '''Troy''' is a legendary city, scene of the [[Trojan War]], part of whic...
3: ...[[Dardanelles]] under [[Mount Ida, Phrygia|Mount Ida]].
5: ... been referred to by some writers as ''Troia secunda'' ("the second Troy").
10: ...], the parents of [[Dardanus]]. Elektra raised Dardanus in her palace on the island of [[Samothrace]]....
14: ...] that ruled for 505 years until the time of [[Candaules]]. The [[Ionia]]ns, [[Cimmeria]]ns, [[Phrygia...
Dust Bowl (5196 bytes)
2: ...orm]]s in the central [[United States]] and [[Canada]] in the mid to late 1930s, caused by a massive [...
10: ...0px|Buried machinery in barn lot. [[Dallas, South Dakota]], May [[1936]]]]
11: ...gton, D.C.]]. That winter, red snow fell on [[New England]].
13: ...e dustbowl, causing extensive damage, turning the day to night. Witnesses reported that they could not...
15: ...President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s first 100 days, governmental programs to restore the ecologic ...
Limestone (3809 bytes)
3: ...e]] for information on calcite dissolution). Secondary calcite may also be deposited by [[Supersaturat...
7: ...ance]]; [[Malham Cove]] in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]]; and the [[Ha Long Bay]] National Park in [[Vie...
Antalya (20816 bytes)
5: ... the title of "the capital of Turkish tourism". Today the city of Antalya is reliving a golden age. It...
7: ...l clear waters. The prominent sites accessible by daily tours are [[Side]], [[Perga]], [[Manavgat]] an...
10: ...reek]]: ''Αττάλεια'') which later became Adalia and then Antalya.
14: ...s 30 km to the north of Antalya city. Other finds dating back to Neolithic times and more recent perio...
24: ...ce for Syria in 1148, and the fleet of Richard of England rallied there before the conquest of Cyprus. Betw...
Sidon (4751 bytes)
1: ...460;ידוֹן''', [[Standard Hebrew]] '''Ẓidon''', [[Tiberian Hebrew]]...
12: ...mmercial importance. The Egyptians, assisted by [[England]] and [[France]], captured and held the city in t...
14: ==Sidon today==
23: ...ts glory began to wane, and [[Tyre]], its "virgin daughter" (Isaiah 23:12), rose to its place of pre-e...
31: *[[Sanchuniathon]] makes Sidon a goddess, daughter of Sea son of [[Nereus]].
Ashkelon (5935 bytes)
1: ... which was formed out of the Arab town of [[Al Majdal]] in the 1950s. -->
14: ...ng with the [[Israelites]] and the [[kingdom of Judah]]. According to Herodotus, its temple of Venus w...
18: ...o the hands of the infidel. Indeed [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lion-Hearted]] built a fort upon the ...
26: ...i.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/ASH/NN_Spr95/NN_Spr95.html David Schloen, "Recent discoveries at Ashkelon"]
Ernest Shackleton (9537 bytes)
8: ...ank Wild, Shackleton, Eric Marshall, and Jameson Adams]]
11: ...embered for his Antarctic expedition of [[1914]]–[[1916]] in the ship ''[[#The Endurance|Enduran...
18: ... cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful. Honour and recognition...
23: ... he was Merchant Marine and Scott was Royal Navy—which was also part of the contention with whet...
25: ===1907–1909 British Antarctic Expedition===
Samuel Hearne (1401 bytes)
1: ...Hearne''' ([[1745]] – November [[1792]]), [[England|English]] [[explorer]], was born in [[London]].
7: ... P�rouse|La P�rouse]] in 1782. He returned to England in [[1787]] where he died in [[1792]].
Easter (31700 bytes)
2: ...r, lasting for fifty days, which follows this holiday and ends around [[Pentecost]]. See [[Eastertide]...
4: ...lic meaning but also for its position in the calendar; the [[Last Supper]] shared by Jesus and his [[d...
8: ==Date of Easter==
11: ...right: 1.5em;"align=center|'''Dates for Easter Sunday, 2000-2020'''
57: ...[[Easter Monday]], is recognized as a [[legal holiday]] in most countries with a generally Christian t...
Canyon (3965 bytes)
5: ...used in some parts of the United States and [[Canada]].
11: ...set]] and [[Yorkshire Moors]] in [[Yorkshire]], [[England]].
17: ...world's largest canyon, followed by the [[Kali Gandaki Canyon]] in [[Nepal]], and [[Polung Tsangpo Can...
20: *[[Avon Gorge]] in [[Bristol]], [[England]]
24: *[[Cheddar Gorge]] in [[Somerset]], [[England]]
Coast (8529 bytes)
17: ...s coastal habitat as natural systems struggle to adapt faster. Human development of coastal land, par...
27: ... the ocean and while this can sometimes result in dangerous storms such as [[Nor'easter|Nor'easters]] ...
29: ... Kingdom]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Canada]] or the [[United States]] is often a crucial def...
34: *[[concordant coastline]] - rock bands run parallel to shore.
35: *[[discordant coastline]] - rock bands run perpendicular to s...
Christmas (35108 bytes)
2: ...hany, when the Magi visited baby Jesus. The exact date of his birth was determined centuries later.
10: ...h in Bethlehem of Judea, the home of the house of David from which Joseph was descended, fulfilled the...
18: ==Dates of celebration==
19: ...g on the civil ([[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]) date of [[January 7]] from [[1900]] to [[2099]]. The...
21: ...man world was the Natalis Solis Invicti, the Birthday of the Unconquerable Sun.
Alpaca (9975 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Artiodactyla]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Camelidae]]}}
12: ... pacos | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] | date = [[1758]]}}
26: ...- equivalent to three year's growth. However, nowadays the length is little more than about half of th...
Guinea pig (19730 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Caviidae]]}}
19: ''[[Cavia fulgida]]''<br>
22: ...''') are [[rodents]] belonging to the family Caviidae and the genus ''Cavia''. Guinea pigs are classi...
29: [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[England|English]] traders brought guinea pigs to [[Europe...
Barium (8466 bytes)
2: 
8: ...ign="center" | [[Caesium]] – '''Barium''' – [[Lanthanum]]
13: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
48: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
98: ! [[natural abundance|NA]]
Iridium (10102 bytes)
2: 
12: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
44: | no data
52: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
109: ! [[natural abundance|NA]]
Iron (23778 bytes)
1: 
5: ...align="center">[[manganese]] – '''iron''' – [[cobalt]]</td>
10: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
44: <td>[[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) </td><td...
89: <th>[[natural abundance|NA]]</th>
Magnesium (9193 bytes)
2: ...mic number]] 12. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element and constitutes about 2% of the [[Earth...
20: ...weightlifters]], to improve the grip on objects – the apparatus or lifting bar.
27: ...orm in [[1831]]. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is an [[alkali...
37: ...der, weight and size, is 300-400 [[milligram|mg]]/day. Many [[enzyme]]s require the presence of magnes...
42: ... including five servings of fruits and vegetables daily and plenty of whole grains, helps to ensure an...
Niobium (10560 bytes)
1: 
5: ...="center" | [[zirconium]] – '''niobium''' – [[molybdenum]]
11: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
43: | no data
51: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
Osmium (11139 bytes)
1: 
11: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div> </table>
35: ...aals radius]] </td><td>no data</td></tr>
41: <td>[[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) </td><td...
81: <th>[[Isotope|iso]]</th><th>[[natural abundance|NA]]</th><th>[[half-life]] </th><th>[[decay mo...
Platinum (10600 bytes)
8: ...="center" | [[Palladium|Pd]]<br />'''Pt'''<br />[[Darmstadtium|Ds]]
11: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
40: |[[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) || 2, '''4''' (mildly [[...
81: ! [[natural abundance|NA]]
157: ...fc0c0" | <font size="-1">[[SI]] units & [[standard temperature and pressure|STP]] are used except ...
Rhodium (8753 bytes)
1: 
5: ...="center" | [[ruthenium]] – '''rhodium''' – [[palladium]]
11: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
43: | no data
51: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
Strontium (11493 bytes)
1: 
5: ...center" | [[rubidium]] –'''strontium''' – [[yttrium]]
9: ...r><div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
49: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
79: | data not available
Thallium (12570 bytes)
1: 
9: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div></td></tr>
39: <td>[[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) </td><td...
81: <th>[[Isotope|iso]]</th><th>[[natural abundance|NA]]</th><th>[[half-life]] </th><th>[[decay mo...
91: ...or="#cccccc"><font size="-1">[[SI]] units & [[standard temperature and pressure|STP]] are used except ...
Titanium (20884 bytes)
1: <table borde...
4: ...gn="center">[[scandium]] – '''titanium''' – [[vanadium]]</td>
8: <div align="right"><small> [[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div> </table>
31: <td>[[van der Waals radius]]</td><td>no data</td></tr>
37: <td>[[Oxidation state]] ([[Oxide]])</td><td>4 ([[amphoteric]]...
Uranium (27752 bytes)
1: 
5: ...enter" | [[protactinium]] – '''uranium''' – [[neptunium]]
10: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
28: ...-white metal<br />[[Image:Uranium_Metal_Assay_Standard.jpg|150px|Uranium]]
50: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
Xenon (12457 bytes)
1: 
5: | colspan="2" align="center" | [[iodine]] – '''xenon'''
10: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
36: | no data (108) [[picometre|pm]]
50: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
Urban planning (12224 bytes)
1: ...arise), although modern usage in the West largely dates from the ideas of the [[Congres Internationaux...
8: ...ient times, [[ancient Rome|Romans]] used a consolidated scheme for city planning, developed for milita...
17: ...ense, long lasting systems of prohibitions and guidance about building sizes, uses and features. Thes...
19: ...and gardening in the park and unique gates or boundary-markers for the edges of the cell. The commerc...
22: ... war. City planners can cope with these. If the dangers can be localized (for flood or storm surge),...
Aegean civilization (41260 bytes)
37: ...o far to prove that the civilization continued fundamentally and essentially the same throughout.
39: It is supported by less abundant remains of other arts. That of painting in fres...
43: ...riod at [[Phaestus]], and possibly at [[Hagia Triada]].
49: ... remains with known Egyptian remains which can be dated to Dynasties.
51: ... early Minoan vases and others found in Egypt and dated to the 1st Dynasty [[4000BC]].
Bahamas (7935 bytes)
35: | Dame [[Ivy Dumont]]
49: | '''[[Independence]]'''<br> - Date
73: ...located in the [[Atlantic Ocean]], east of [[Florida]] in the [[United States]], north of [[Cuba]] and...
80: ...erican Revolution)|Loyalists]] who had left [[New England]] due to increasing anti-British sentiments moved...
118: ...n [[winter]]. Conversely, this often proves very dangerous in the [[summer]] and [[autumn]], when [[h...
Canary (4349 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Fringillidae]]}}
12: ...anaria | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] | date = [[1758]]}}
26: The same occurred in England. First the birds were only owned by the rich but...
34: ...for their appearance and song is a tradition that dates back centuries.
Red deer (16671 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox phylum entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
7: {{Taxobox ordo entry | taxon = [[Artiodactyla]]}}
9: {{Taxobox familia entry | taxon = [[Cervidae]]}}
13: ...aphus | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], | date = 1758}}
21: ...were abolished during the reign of [[Henry III of England|Henry III]], although deer were still preserved b...
Hedgehog (8006 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Erinaceidae]]}}
23: ...tors. As a result, hedgehogs have few natural predators, primarily [[birds]] (especially [[owl|owls]]...
25: ... possible poison or source of infection to any predator that gets poked by their quills.
27: ... [[Dog]] and [[cat]] food is a better food than [[dairy]], but it is often too high in fat and too low...
Reindeer (6508 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordata]]}}
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Artiodactyla]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Cervidae]]}}
17: ...n]]; in [[North America]] on [[Greenland]], [[Canada]] and [[Alaska]]. In 1952, reindeer were re-intr...
29: ...ska, and a comparable number live in northern Canada.
Dachshund (8129 bytes)
4: !Dachshund
6: ...und 600.jpg|thumb|250px|none|Long-haired standard dachshund]]
13: |Teckel, Dackel ([[Germany]])
48: !Breed standards (external links)
55: |AKC:||[http://www.akc.org/breeds/recbreeds/dach.cfm all types]
Airedale Terrier (5101 bytes)
4: !Airedale Terrier
6: |[[Image:Airedale.jpg|250px|thumb|left|none|An Australian & New Z...
10: |[[Great Britain]] (England)
18: |Airedale
40: !Breed standards (external links)
American Bulldog (5228 bytes)
20: !Classification and breed standards
42: In [[England]] during the 17th and 18th centuries, early bulld...
44: ...e the more compact and complacent version known today, but the much more athletic American strain cont...
46: ===Today===
47: Today the American Bulldog is safe from extinction and...
American Cocker Spaniel (4564 bytes)
40: !Breed standards (external links)
42: ...nkc.aust.com/cockeram.html ANKC], [http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/spaniel/amcockerarticle1.htm CKC]...
44: ...erican variety had become so different from its [[England|English]] ancestors that it was given separate br...
47: ... points. The coat is flowing, long, silky and abundant. The long, luxuriantly feathered ears are a str...
57: ...erican variety had become so different from its [[England|English]] ancestors that it was given separate br...
Siberian Husky (8100 bytes)
24: !Classification and breed standards
59: ...shed year round, so the shedding is less profuse—but constant. Therefore, an owner might have a ...
69: ...ere also imported from the [[Koryak]] and [[Kamchadal]] tribes. Recent [[DNA analysis]] confirms that ...
71: ...and [[dogsled racing]], particularly in the [[New England]] states.
73: ...registered Siberian Huskies are largely the descendants of the 1930 Siberia imports and of [[Leonhard ...
Jack Russell Terrier (11452 bytes)
37: !Breed standards (external links)
39: ...n Russell)], [http://www.dogdomain.com/FCI/fcistandards/fci-345.htm FCI (JRT #345)],<BR>[http://www.a...
46: ... Terrier in the United States until [[2003]]. In England the name has been used to refer to the Parson Rus...
50: ...t appearance and an outgoing character; breed standards emphasize that the Jack Russell must have a 'k...
63: ...iable conformation. It is this form of the descendants of Trump that are now known as "Russell Terrie...
Basenji (6939 bytes)
50: !Breed standards (external links)
52: ...ankc.aust.com/basenji.html ANKC], [http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/hounds/basenjistd.htm CKC]<br>[ht...
64: of equal stature with humans and are not intimidated by a human's
83: ... feet of their masters, looking just as they do today, with prick ears and tightly curled tail.
87: ... foundation stock was successfully established in England, and thence to the United States. So it is that n...
Basset Hound (7184 bytes)
12: !Classification and breed standards
26: |[http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/basset/bassetarticle1.htm Stds]
57: ...t. Hubert's Hound'', a dog similar to the present-day Bloodhound. Friars of St. Hubert's Abby in [[me...
59: ... of these breeds have bloodlines in common with today's Basset Hounds. It is commonly believed that [...
63: ... United States. The current American [[breed standard]] was adopted in [[1964]].
Beagle (5937 bytes)
40: !Breed standards (external links)
62: ...ntion of the beagle in English literature by name dates from 1475. The origin of the word "beagle" is ...
64: ...ursuit. Beagling, like foxhunting, is banned in [[England]]. [[Drag hunting]] is another Beagle sport.
69: ...sy to care for, and because they are not as intimidating for people who are uncomfortable around dogs....
Bedlington Terrier (3536 bytes)
6: ...nd sandy colors of Bedlingtons, working dogs from England]]
40: !Breed standards (external links)
44: ...[Bedlington]], [[Northumberland]] in [[North East England]].
50: ...gait, picking its feet up in what appears to be a dainty manner.
54: ..., the Bedlington's quarry—hare and rabbits—lived aboveground, which is why a galloping or ...
Border Collie (8931 bytes)
6: ...none|A Border Collie bred to Kennel Club (UK) standards]]
12: !Classification and breed standards
17: |[http://www.dogdomain.com/FCI/fcistandards/fci-297.htm Stds]
36: ... dog]] that originated in the border country of [[England]] and [[Scotland]]. Border Collies are noted for ...
43: ...hemselves especially in hot weather, which can be dangerous.
Border Terrier (1847 bytes)
32: !Breed standards (external links)
39: ...or fox hunting in the area around the border of [[England]] and [[Scotland]].
Bulldog (4215 bytes)
42: !Breed standards (external links)
44: |[http://www.dogdomain.com/fcistandards/fci-149.htm FCI], [http://www.akc.org/breeds/b...
52: ...not a vicious dog breed (though it was during the days of [[bullbaiting]], the aggressive tendencies w...
59: ...tury. The practice of bullbaiting was banned in [[England]] in [[1835]].
Portuguese Water Dog (3218 bytes)
5: ...he end of the tail is kept long, because in those days, the fishermen sometimes didn't know how to swi...
7: ...raditional [[show dog]]s, are entirely black or a dark brown; however, it is common to see white chest...
12: ...ight be where they picked up their loyal and dependable characteristics. Eventually commercial fishin...
18: ...entrants for Portuguese Water Dogs were made to [[England]]'s [[Crufts]] competition in [[2002]], although...
Chinook (dog) (4501 bytes)
9: !Classification and breed standards
23: |The AKC foundation stock service (FSS)<br>
27: ...[sleddog]] type or variety developed in the [[New England]] region of the [[United States|USA]] in the earl...
30: ...length [[double coat]] is ?tawny? in colour, with darker shadings on muzzle and ears; white dogs are n...
39: ...og sport to New England and with founding the New England Sled Dog Club in [[1924]]. The 12-year old ?Chino...
Clumber Spaniel (3882 bytes)
31: |Breed standards (external links)
33: ...ankc.aust.com/clumber.html ANKC], [http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/spaniel/clumberarticle1.htm CKC]<...
47: ... [[Sandringham]] castle. The breed was shown in [[England]] from 1859 onward.
Collie (2588 bytes)
12: ...ed as "Scotch Sheep-Dogs" in the 1860 Birmingham (England) dog show.
Deerhound (3462 bytes)
40: !Breed standards (external links)
42: |[http://www.dogdomain.com/fcistandards/fci-164.htm FCI], [http://www.akc.org/breeds/s...
48: ...und (over, say, two years old) spends much of the day stretched out on the floor or a couch, sleeping....
53: Deerhounds were bred in parallel with the [[England|English]] [[Greyhound]] for very similar purposes...
English Setter (5213 bytes)
24: !Classification and breed standards
38: |[http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/setters/englisharticle1.htm Stds]
54: ...lton'') or with orange flecks (''orange belton''— depending on the intensity of the color, they ...
57: This breed's standard temperament can be described as friendly and go...
64: ...on Laverack's and developed the working Setter. Today, you still hear the term Llewellin Setter, but t...
Field Spaniel (1796 bytes)
9: |[[England]]
31: !Breed standards (external links)
Fox Terrier (4434 bytes)
2: ...x Terrier]]''', that were independently bred in [[England]] in the mid-[[19th century]]. The two [[terrier]...
10: ...ca 1875-6, and the breed began the process of standardization.
12: ... two breeds were shown under the same [[breed standard]] until well into the 20th century. The proces...
16: ...], fanciers of the [[Jack Russell Terrier]] were adamant that their dog, of a type created by [[Jack R...
20: ...irehair Fox Terriers are often referred to as Standard Fox Terriers in Australia in an attempt to mini...
Golden Retriever (8646 bytes)
36: !Breed standards (external links)
38: ...ankc.aust.com/goldret.html ANKC], [http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/golden/goldenarticle1.htm CKC]<br...
40: ...eving dog]] to use while hunting wild [[fowl]]. Today it is one of the most common family dogs as it i...
47: ...owing coats that are extremely light or extremely dark. This leaves the outer ranges of coat color up ...
59: ...50px|left|Color ranges from nearly blonde to this dark golden coat.]]
Greyhound (7556 bytes)
19: |uncertain; possibly [[England]] or [[Egypt]]
21: !Classification and breed standards
26: |[http://www.dogdomain.com/fcistandards/fci-158.htm Stds]
63: ... least similarly-named dogs) were introduced to [[England]] in the 5th and 6th centuries BC by the [[Celt]]...
71: ...o finish of a Greyhound race in [[Tampa]], [[Florida]], [[USA]] on [[February 9]] [[1939]]]]
Irish Wolfhound (5173 bytes)
12: !Classification and breed standards
26: ...://www.irishwolfhoundclubofcanada.ca/handbook/standard.shtml Stds]
45: ...be individuals whose size falls outside these standards. However, generally breeders aim for a height ...
48: ...lks. Despite their great size and sometimes intimidating appearance, wolfhounds are sensitive and shou...
53: ...them too much. Outstretched limbs and irreparable damage are the result. Wolfhounds need at least 18 ...
Italian Greyhound (6363 bytes)
20: !Classification and breed standards
34: |[http://www.geocities.com/itgrcc/standard.html Stds]
53: ... spotted Italians are accepted, while the FCI standards adhered to in [[Europe]] allows white spots on...
79: ..., not that the dogs would attack but to beware of damaging the small dogs.
Labrador Retriever (5832 bytes)
10: |[[Newfoundland]], (now part of) [[Canada]]
16: !Classification and breed standards
30: |[http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/labrador/labarticle2.htm Stds]
68: ...he [[Earl of Malmesbury]] and other breeders in [[England]] in order to differentiate them from the [[Newfo...
70: ...s were imported post WWI and these formed the foundation of the American variety.
Lakeland Terrier (2282 bytes)
10: |[[United Kingdom]] ([[England]])
12: !Classification and breed standards
17: |[http://www.dogdomain.com/FCI/fcistandards/fci-070.htm Stds]
38: ...n the [[Lake District]] of [[England]] as a descendant of the old English Black and Tan and Fell Terri...
44: ...s-breeding with the [[Fox Terrier]] and the [[Airedale Terrier]].
Mastiff (3597 bytes)
2: ...ctual herding but for protection against large predators as well as poachers. Some breeds, like the [[...
6: ...-relief carvings of Mastiffs found in [[Nineveh]] date back as far as approximately 640 BC. Many beli...
8: Some of today's Mastiff breeds come from the [[British Isles]]...
10: The Bulldog breeds split from the Mastiffs in England and spread to the New World with colonization as ...
38: *[[Great Dane]] (German Mastiff)
Mixed-breed dog (14915 bytes)
7: ...so used (in the [[United_States|U.S.A]] and [[Canada]]), sometimes in an affectionate manner. In Hawa...
11: ... [[Welsh Corgi|Corgis]] mated with her sister's [[Dachshund]], and the resulting offspring are referre...
21: ...ds will not result in a dog the size of a [[Great Dane]]. Some breeds tend to pass on their physical ...
23: ...a long-haired breed such as a [[Bearded Collie]]—but it is impossible to know without having see...
33: ...lth of any dog, purebred or otherwise, as not all damaging genes are recessive. Also, of course, pureb...
Norwich Terrier (3251 bytes)
12: !Classification and breed standards
17: |[http://www.dogdomain.com/FCI/fcistandards/fci-072.htm Stds]
41: ... Terrier''. It was developed in East Anglia in [[England]].
44: ...Cambridge University]]. Small red terriers, descendants of [[Irish Terrier]]s, had existed in the area...
48: ... allowed in the ring until [[The Kennel Club]] in England recognized the drop-eared variety as a separate b...
Patterdale Terrier (5195 bytes)
4: !Patterdale Terrier
6: ...ge:Truf2.JPG|thumb|none|250px|Black and tan Patterdale.]]
18: |[[England]]
20: !Classification and breed standards
25: |[http://www.ukcdogs.com/breeds/terriers/patterdale.std.shtml Stds]
Pomeranian (4977 bytes)
30: !Classification and breed standards
44: |[http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/toys/pomeranianarticle1.htm Stds]
61: ...kg) according to [[American Kennel Club|AKC]] standards, the Pomeranian (Pom) is the most diminutive o...
74: The Pomeranian easily adapts to life in the city, and is an excellent dog f...
77: ... were still 20 pounds or more when they reached [[England]].
Rat Terrier (4349 bytes)
24: !Classification and breed standards
39: The Kennel Club (UK) standard is<br>
41: The AKC Foundation Stock Service (FSS) is an<BR>
60: ...C]] and the breed was accepted into the AKC's Foundation Stock Service in 2005.
66: ...m dog in the early [[1900s]]. It originated in [[England]] from crosses among [[Manchester Terrier]]s, [[F...
Scottish Terrier (2770 bytes)
20: !Classification and breed standards
43: ...dog breed|breed]] of [[dog]] best known for their dark black fur and their die-hard spirit.
46: ...-to-the-ground. The usual coat color ranges from dark gray to jet black. Scotties with '''Wheaten'''...
49: ... nickname is "little diehard" from [[James III of England]], the King descended from the Scottish line.
Sealyham Terrier (2092 bytes)
8: |[[United Kingdom]] ([[England]])
10: !Classification and breed standards
15: |[http://www.dogdomain.com/FCI/fcistandards/fci-074.htm Stds]
39: ...], the [[West Highland White Terrier]], and the [[Dandie Dinmont Terrier]].
48: ...10]]. Sealyham Terriers are today found mainly in England and [[South Africa]].
Seppala Siberian Sleddog (6982 bytes)
10: |[[Canada]]
19: !Breed standards (external links)
21: ...SD Breed Std. 1995]<small> (Original Canadian standard)</small><br>
29: ... 1914 to 1917. Later they became popular in [[New England]] when Seppala raced there and ran a kennel in Po...
31: ...breed foundation for the ?Siberian Huskie? in Canada. The Canadian Seppala Kennels of Harry R. Wheeler...
Staffordshire Bull Terrier (6063 bytes)
16: !Classification and breed standards
39: ...ting, lion and dog fighting in [[Birmingham]], [[England]] by [[James Hinks]] in the mid-1800s. The Staffo...
51: ...e with Staffords have been killed, even after few days of apparently pacific behavior. The absence of ...
56: ...ndard was published by the Bull Terrier Club in [[England]]. The Bull Terrier eventually became popular as ...
58: ...rossed in the white [[English Terrier]] and the [[Dalmatian]]. In this way he produced a pure-white do...
Welsh Terrier (4579 bytes)
34: !Breed standards (external links)
36: |[http://www.dogdomain.com/FCI/fcistandards/fci-078.htm FCI], [http://www.akc.org/breeds/w...
38: ... since [[1886]] and is more common than the [[Airedale Terrier]] or the [[Fox Terrier]].
46: ...gh. These dogs need interesting things to do each day.
51: ...d''; it has abrasive hair that has to be trimmed—not cut! However, it does not shed its fur as m...
Whippet (6038 bytes)
11: |[[England]]
31: !Breed standards (external links)
45: ...iet and gentle dogs, content to spend much of the day sleeping. They are not generally aggressive wit...
51: Whippets are not well adapted for living in a [[kennel]] or as outside dogs...
59: ...hey also were used to provide sport on nonworking days as their owners enjoyed racing them against eac...
Yorkshire Terrier (5765 bytes)
20: !Classification and breed standards
48: ..., many yorkies do not conform directly to the stardard. Some coats are black or grey on the body. Brow...
53: ...will get along very well with children, it can be dangerous for the Yorkie to keep it in a house with ...
61: ...[Manchester Terrier]], the [[Maltese]], and the [[Dandie Dinmont Terrier]].
65: ...A multiple champion, Huddersfield Ben set the foundation for what would develop into the modern Yorkie...
Neutron (7687 bytes)
38: ...ron, which is itself correspondingly slowed. Secondary projectiles resulting from these collisions may...
46: ...er in 1932) the physicist [[James Chadwick]] in [[England]] performed a series of experiments showing that ...
Hadrosaurus (1550 bytes)
3: ...etely assembled in [[1868]] by a team including [[England|English]] [[sculptor]] and [[natural history|natu...
5: Despite the fact that the family Hadrosauridae is named after this [[genus]], there is no skull...
Iguanodon (4585 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
18: ''I. dawsoni''<br/>
34: ...f an ''Iguanodon'' in the [[Tilgate]] Forest in [[England]], in [[1822]]. The tooth resembled that of an [[...
44: ...t species have been found in [[Utah]] and [[South Dakota]].
Megalosaurus (4763 bytes)
6: ... the Mesozoic such as ''Mosasaurus'' and ''[[Pterodactylus]]'' were already known. <!---This seems to ...
12: ...f dinosaurs]] became the serious business it is today) all [[theropod]]s from [[Europe]] were given th...
16: ...nd so ''Megalosaurus'' is now restored as a [[bipedal]] beast like all other [[theropod]]s, and about ...
18: ...een discovered in [[Africa]], contrary to some outdated dinosaur books.
25: *Suborder - [[Theropoda]]
Robert Goddard (scientist) (7533 bytes)
1: [[Image:Goddard_8.jpg|thumb|Robert Goddard]]
3: ...t Hutchings Goddard''' ([[October 5]], [[1882]] – [[August 10]], [[1945]]) was one of the pionee...
7: ...ed October 19 as "Anniversary Day", a private holiday.
13: ...ocket using liquid [[propellant]]s was made yesterday at Aunt Effie's farm." The rocket, which was dub...
15: ... Another Clark University researcher continued Goddard's work on the bazooka, leading to the weapon us...
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (4111 bytes)
7: ... many powerful figures, including [[Queen Anne of England]] and [[Peter the Great]], from Russia. Nobody wa...
15: ...y 10 years) the [[Leeuwenhoek Medal|Leeuwenhoek medal]] to the scientist judged to have made the decad...
Arthur Middleton (2124 bytes)
1: ...]]]'''Arthur Middleton''' ([[June 26]], [[1742]]–[[January 1]], [[1787]]), of [[Charleston]], [[...
3: ...n of Independence]]. Despite the time he spent in England, his attitude toward [[Loyalist (American Revolut...
5: ...as a prisoner of war to [[St. Augustine]], [[Florida]] (along with [[Edward Rutledge]]), until exchang...
Timeline of railway history (5902 bytes)
4: ...st [[iron]] [[rail tracks|rails]] laid at [[Bath, England]].
6: *[[1789]] [[England|English]] [[civil engineer|engineer]] [[William J...
11: *[[1825]] Stephenson's [[Stockton and Darlington Railway]], the world's first steam operat...
34: ...e|diesel]] locomotive service introduced in [[Canada]].
36: *[[1938]] In England, the world speed record for steam traction is set...
Humpback Whale (17123 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
11: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Balaenoptiidae]]}}
15: ...ame = Megaptera novaeangliae| author = Borowski | date = [[1781]]}}
18: ...ge [[whale]]: an adult usually ranges between 12–16 m long and weighs approximately 36 [[Tonne|t...
24: ...ale. These grooves are less numerous (usually 16–20 in number) and consequently more prominent t...
Slavery (26455 bytes)
8: ...imes been regarded as an expectation such as [[mandatory military service]], or [[debt slavery]]. It ...
14: Slavery is in all countries today considered [[illegal]], a [[criminal activity]] ...
18: ...ountries by means of legal loopholes, such as Canada's “Live-in Caregiver Program. [http://www.t...
20: ...] evidence of illegal "forced labor and [[debt bondage]]" amounting to slavery was unearthed in the [[...
23: ...ar]], [[Cuba]], [[Ecuador]], [[North Korea]], [[Sudan]] and [[Venezuela]].
History of sport (6368 bytes)
9: ...over 30,000 years ago, as established by [[carbon dating]].
15: ...es. The courts used at that time are still used today.
23: ... sport in China's past. It certainly remains so today, as the skill of Chinese [[acrobatics|acrobats]]...
31: ...t the time suggests close correspondence with everday non-sporting activities.
40: Fundamentally, it was a time of gratitude and respect ...
Boxing (29727 bytes)
10: The word "boxing" first came into use in [[England]] in the [[18th century]] to distinguish between ...
19: ...tinct from any other form of fist fighting can be dated from [[1867]], when [[John Graham Chambers|Joh...
23: ...tweights, Middleweights and Heavyweights. By this date, the old professional bare-knuckle "Prize Ring"...
31: ...es rather than concern with doing actual physical damage to one's opponent (though it still occurs). C...
37: ...ba and the United States have won the most Gold Medals, 29 for Cuba and 21 for the U.S. Internationall...
Olympic Games (40925 bytes)
10: ...hletes trained in this Olympia facility in its heyday.]]
15: ...enty, and the celebration was spread over several days. Winners of the events were broadly admired and...
25: ...tival named after the Olympic Games was held in [[England]]. Over the next few centuries, similar events we...
27: ...ench defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870–1871). He thought the reason was that the Frenc...
29: ...s ideas to an international audience. On the last day of the congress, it had been decided that the fi...
Roman road (3913 bytes)
42: *[[Via Mala]] from [[Milan]] to [[Lindau]] via the [[San Bernardino Pass]]
57: *[[London-West of England Roman Roads]]
58: *[[Peddars Way]]
Sugar Act (1439 bytes)
1: ...to hardship among the [[rum]] distillers of [[New England]] and hostility to the British government. It was...
Voltaire (48640 bytes)
1: {{dablink|For the singer and songwriter of the same na...
4: ...;ois-Marie Arouet''' ([[November 21]], [[1694]] – [[May 30]], [[1778]]), better known by the [[p...
8: ...]] to François Arouet and Marie-Marguerite Daumart or D'Aumard. Both parents were of [[Poitou|...
16: ...ore dangerous way of writing [[libel]]ous poems — so that his father was glad to send him to sta...
18: ...pts have been made to show that it existed in the Daumart pedigree or in some territorial designation....
Franz Xaver von Baader (10383 bytes)
1: ...anz Xaver von Baader''' ([[March 27]], [[1765]] – [[May 23]], [[1841]]), was a [[Germany|German]...
3: ...and for four years, 1792–1796, resided in [[England]].
5: ...were more to his liking. In 1796 he returned from England, and in [[Hamburg]] became acquainted with [[Frie...
7: ...he title ''Spekulative Dogmatik,'' 4 parts, 1827–1836. In 1838 he opposed the interference in ci...
9: ...''scientia'', it is invariably ''con-scientia'' — a knowing with, consciousness of, or participa...
Louisa Adams (3687 bytes)
1: [[Image:Louisa_Adams.gif|right|frame|White House portrait]]
3: ...''' ([[1775]] - [[1852]]), wife of [[John Quincy Adams]], was [[First Lady of the United States]] from...
5: ... Catherine Johnson was born in [[London]] to an [[England|English]] mother, Catherine Nuth Johnson, but her...
9: ...o London. To join him, Louisa had to make a forty-day journey across war-ravaged Europe by coach in wi...
11: ... corps and other notables. Music enhanced her Tuesday evenings at home, and theater parties contribute...
List of geographers (2342 bytes)
4: * [[Abulfeda]] (Syria, [[1273]] - [[1331]])
11: *[[Ibn Batuda]] (Moroco, [[1304]] - [[1369]])
17: * [[William Morris Davis]] (USA, [[1850]] - [[1934]])
18: * [[John Dee]] (England, [[1527]] - [[1608]])
33: * [[David Harvey (geographer)|David Harvey]] (United States, Great Britain, b. [[1...
Roman law (15349 bytes)
2: ...tice in the [[Byzantine Empire]] and—later— in continental Western Europe
8: It is impossible to give an exact date for the beginning of the development of Roman l...
10: ...ds of [[Greek philosophy]] to the subject of law—a subject which the Greeks themselves never tr...
12: ...sts to explore the meaning of these legal texts.—Whether or not this story is credible, jurists ...
19: ...on and in which he would grant a defense. The standard edict thus functioned like a comprehensive law ...
Charles Darwin (47469 bytes)
1: ...ge:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|300px|Charles Darwin, about the same time as the publication of ''...
2: ...arles Robert Darwin''' ([[12 February]] [[1809]]–[[19 April]] [[1882]]) was a [[United Kingdom|B...
4: ...imilar theory forced early joint [[publication of Darwin's theory]].
8: In a national recognition of Darwin's pre-eminence, he was buried in [[Westminste...
12: ''For details see [[Charles Darwin's education]].''
John C. Breckinridge (5870 bytes)
2: ...Cabell Breckinridge''' ([[January 16]], [[1821]]–[[May 17]], [[1875]]) was a lawyer, [[United St...
4: ...ucky]]. He graduated from [[Centre College]] in [[Danville, Kentucky]], in [[1839]], later attended th...
6: ...es Congress|Congresses]] ([[March 4]], [[1851]] – [[March 3]], [[1855]]). Breckinridge did not ...
8: ... more electoral votes than the other 2 major candidates, [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]...
10: ...rable surrender, even while President [[Jefferson Davis]] fiercely desired to continue the fight.
First Crusade (34670 bytes)
2: ...e – in contrast to the many that followed – to achieve its stated goal.
12: ...ates were on the whole more concerned with consolidating their own territories and gaining control of ...
14: ...tolia and northern Syria was a state founded by [[Danishmend]], a Seljuk mercenary; the crusaders did ...
16: ...ll actual power was held by the [[vizier]] [[al-Afdal Shahanshah]]), had lost Jerusalem to the Seljuks...
26: ... and apocalyptic yearnings found release from the daily oppression of their lives, in an outpouring of...
Pea (6070 bytes)
6: ..._classis_entry | taxon = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]}}
20: ...t]]ern [[archaeology|archaeological]] sites which date back nearly 10,000 years. Domesticated [[cultiv...
22: ...cal areas. Many cultivars reach maturity about 60 days after planting. Peas grow best in slightly acid...
44: ...peas]], are popular, originally in the north of [[England]] but now ubiquitously, and especially as an acco...
Broccoli (4962 bytes)
8: ..._classis_entry | taxon = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]}}
22: Broccoli possesses abundant fleshy green flower heads arranged in a tree-li...
37: ...'' (1724 edition) referred to it as a stranger in England and explained it as "sprout colli-flower" or "Ita...
43: ...orge Bush]] (41st) was known to have an active disdain for broccoli, having actually said so in an off...
Celery (5474 bytes)
6: ..._classis_entry | taxon = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]}}
26: In its native condition, it is known in [[England]] as smallage. In its wild state, it is common by...
47: * '''Root''' Rarely used today, the root is an effective diuretic and has been ...
55: ...g ''fast'' or ''swift''. This is entirely false — there is no connection between them. It actual...
Lettuce (5469 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliopsida]]}}
17: ...duces many flower heads that look like those of [[dandelion]]s, but smaller. This is called '''bolting...
19: ...rva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] including [[Garden Dart]], [[Heart and Club]] and [[Autumnal Rustic]].
25: ...yptian plants were closely linked with the modern day cos variety and could have originated on the Tur...
29: ...o study without 'mental 'churnings' the following day. Somewhat contrary to this 100 years and also ...
Nettle (5285 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliopsida]]}}
33: ... [[North America]] from [[Nova Scotia]] to [[Florida]], and the [[False nettle]] ''Boehmeria cylindric...
56: ...ottle Inn], a pub in [[Marshwood]], [[Dorset]], [[England]], holds an annual World Stinging Nettle Eating C...
Leek (vegetable) (3577 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox classis entry | taxon = [[Liliopsida]]}}
15: [[Image:NutritionData leeks.png|left|frame|Nutritional information fo...
33: ...nry V (play)|Henry V]]. In the play, [[Henry V of England|Henry]] tells [[Fluellen]] he is wearing a leek "...
Rhubarb (4414 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliopsida]]}}
17: ...ry wine|wine]]. In former days, a common and affordable sweet for children in [[Yorkshire]] was a tend...
27: ...[corrosive]] and [[nephrotoxic]] acid that is abundantly present in a lot of plants. The [[LD50]] for ...
Potato (22889 bytes)
6: ..._classis_entry | taxon = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]] }}
7: {{Taxobox_subclassis_entry | taxon = [[Asteridae]] }}
21: ...nguage|Dutch]]-speakers use the similar term ''Aardappel''.)
26: ...pted to set up a colony. The pioneers returned to England with Drake, along with the potatoes.
28: ...Russia]], due to their ability to thrive in cold, damp climates.
Bird of prey (2997 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
11: **[[Cathartidae]]
12: **[[Pandionidae]]
13: **[[Accipitridae]]
14: **[[Sagittariidae]]
Tobacco (28162 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliopsida]]}}
18: ...[smoking ban]]s in an effort to minimize possible damage to [[public health]] due to [[tobacco smoking...
28: ...colony's first black slaves as well as women from England in [[1619]].
30: ...riff]] on every [[pound]] of tobacco brought into England.
39: ...h branches to protect the young plants from frost damage. These plants were left to grow until around ...
Jane Goodall (4250 bytes)
1: ...ial and family life, as director of the [[Jane Goodall Institute]] in [[Gombe Stream National Park]] i...
5: [[Image:Jane_Goodall.jpg|thumb|130px|[[Jane Goodall]]]]
8: ... Judy moved with their mother to [[Bournemouth]], England, where Vanne's mother and two sisters lived in a ...
10: ... noted anthropologist [[Louis Leakey]] to hire Goodall as his secretary during her trip to [[Kenya]] i...
12: Leakey also arranged for Goodall return to the United Kingdom, where she earned ...
Ancient India (31279 bytes)
5: At [[Bhimbetka]] in the present-day state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] are found the earlie...
11: ... in the edicts of the Mauryan Emperor [[Ashoka]], dating to the [[500 BC|5th century BC]], of the [[Ch...
20: ...ntury. By the year 1818, virtually all of present-day India was under the sway of the [[British East I...
30: ...uthern India. A tradition of Indian [[rock art]] dates to 40 or 50,000 years ago.
32: ...|7th Millennium BCE]], in northwest India. Recent data, substantiated by satellite imagery and oceanog...
Ancient Indian science and technology (21581 bytes)
3: ...f the advances in the sciences that we consider today to have been made in Europe were in fact made in...
10: *Astronomy � [[Rig Veda]] ([[2000 BC]]) refers to astronomy.
14: *Fine Arts � [[Veda]]s were recited and recitation has to be correct,...
16:
26: ...ive Principles''� (''Panch-Siddhantika'') which dates to [[5th Century]] AD.
Medieval History (23198 bytes)
2: .... The Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the [[Western Roman Empire]] (...
4: ...'''medi涡l''''' in [[English English| English in England]].)
8: ...he migrations has historically been termed the "[[Dark Ages]]" by Western European historians. That te...
14: ...ul]] and western [[Germany]], and [[Saxons]] in [[England]]. These lands remained Christian, and their [[Ar...
18: ...feudal nobles. Well known examples of such consolidation include the [[Albigensian Crusade]] and the [...
Britain in the Middle Ages (12239 bytes)
3: ...land]] and [[Scotland]], the [[Norman Conquest]], England's participation in the [[Hundred Years' War]] and...
5: ...litical point of view, the [[Norman Conquest]] of England divides Medi�val Britain in two distinct phases...
7: ... consolidation was continuous from [[William I of England|William]] to [[Oliver Cromwell]] and is not a med...
12: ... saxas). Each Saxon drew out his ''saxa'' (a long dagger whose name was associated with the tribe) and...
15: [[Image:Saxonengland.jpg|250px|thumb|England and Wales at the time of the Saxon kingdoms]]
History of Italy during Roman times (5004 bytes)
19: ...sar]], who after conquering the [[Gaul]] (present day [[France]]) won a civil war against [[Pompey]] b...
29: ...; the most notable was probably the conquest of [[England]] by emperor [[Claudius]] in [[47]]. In the [[1st...
Massachusetts (31663 bytes)
16: LandArea = 20,317 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[February 6]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ...usetts''') is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[New England]] region of the [[United States | United States o...
44: ...l place" in reference to a small mountain known today as "Blue Hill" (located in [[Milton, Massachuset...
New York (25691 bytes)
16: LandArea = 122,409 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[July 26]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
45: ...ephemeral parties formed to give major-party candidates an additional line on the ballot.
55: ...slation for some meritorious project, but then mandate county and municipal government to actually pay...
United States Declaration of Independence (23184 bytes)
2: ...elebrated as [[Independence Day (US)|Independence Day]] in the [[United States]]. The document is on d...
10: ...11]], [[1776]], a committee consisting of [[John Adams]] of [[Massachusetts]], [[Benjamin Franklin]] o...
34: ... many of the complaints are exaggerated [[propaganda]], but that overall they are an accurate portraya...
38: ... representatives present, hangs in the grand Rotunda of the Capitol of the United States: no such cere...
42: ...ieve that the Declaration was used as a [[propaganda]] tool, in which the Americans tried to establish...
Culture of Jersey (13844 bytes)
25: ... Matchi L'G� (Matthew Le Geyt 1777–1849), dated [[1795]]. The first printed anthology of J�r...
27: ...), and 'St.-Luorenchais' (Philippe Langlois 18??–1884).
29: Philippe Le Sueur Mourant (1848–1918) wrote under several pseudonyms. His great...
31: ...), also a journalist and poet, emigrated to [[Canada]], but sent occasional writings back to Jersey.
33: 'Caouain' (George W. De Carteret 1869–1940) maintained a weekly newspaper column purp...
Culture of England (4178 bytes)
1: ...t to which other cultures have influenced life in England.
6: ... the geographical region presently referred to as England. This results in the term being almost indefinabl...
10: ...sts presently working range from Lucian Freud and Damien Hirst.
12: Oil painting came comparatively late to England. Hans Holbein, an imported talent, is generally c...
14: And although Charles I of England built up a great royal collection of art, the dis...

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