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Mary I of England (24813 bytes)
3: ...ight|thumb|220px|'''Mary I''' Queen of England and Ireland]]
8: ...cases reversed by her successor, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]].
13: ... Catherine's sixth and last child was a stillborn daughter.
17: ...her Francis I, who was eager for an alliance with England. A marriage treaty was signed; it provided that ...
19: ...acknowledged as "Supreme Head" of the [[Church of England]].
Elizabeth I of England (34338 bytes)
2: ...right|220px|'''Elizabeth I''' Queen of England and Ireland]]
7: ...d during a period of great religious turmoil in [[England|English]] history.
9: ...tal misalliances. Like her father [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], she was a writer and poet. She gran...
11: ... and seven [[baron|baronies]] in the [[Peerage of England]], and one barony in the [[Peerage of Ireland]], ...
16: ...ed in the line of succession after [[Edward VI of England|Prince Edward]] under the [[English Act of Succes...
Mary II of England (12093 bytes)
2: ...umb|right|175px|'''Mary II''' Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland]]
8: ...th her husband and first cousin, [[William III of England|William III]], who became the sole ruler upon her...
11: ...nne Hyde]]. Mary's uncle was King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]; her maternal grandfather, [[Edward ...
15: ... the [[Louis, the Grand Dauphin|Dauphin Louis]] — but afterwards approved, as a coalition with t...
20: ...mes Francis Edward Stuart|James Francis Edward]]—in June [[1688]], for the son would, unlike Mar...
William I of England (8753 bytes)
2: ...England.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''King William I of England'']]
7: ...in [[France]], William succeeded to the throne of England by right of conquest by winning the [[Battle of H...
16: ...was 22. Their marriage produced four sons and six daughters (see list below).
20: ==Conquest of England==
23: ...bably in [[1052]]) and that [[Harold Godwinson]], England's foremost magnate, had reportedly pledged his su...
Culture of England (4178 bytes)
1: ...t to which other cultures have influenced life in England.
6: ... the geographical region presently referred to as England. This results in the term being almost indefinabl...
10: ...sts presently working range from Lucian Freud and Damien Hirst.
12: Oil painting came comparatively late to England. Hans Holbein, an imported talent, is generally c...
14: And although Charles I of England built up a great royal collection of art, the dis...

Page text matches

List of explorers (24013 bytes)
8: *[[Francisco de Almeida]] ([[16th century]] [[Portuguese]] naval explorer...
14: *[[Charles Albanel]] (1616-1696), Canada
21: ...] naval officer, several expeditions to the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Arctic]]
23: ...]], first to sight the [[Pacific Ocean]], founded Darién, oldest surviving European settlement in the...
38: *[[Saint Brendan]] - [[Ireland|Irish]] [[abbot]] who sailed the [...
King Arthur (22450 bytes)
5: ... [[Cornwall]], or the west of what would become [[England]], but controversy over the centre of his power a...
9: ...little reason for him to have become a major legendary figure.
15: ...ed the later legends, like the [[Scots]] king [[Aedan mac Gabran]], who had a son called Artuir and wh...
19: ... [[Taliesin]] are possibly from a similarly early date: ''The Chair of the Sovereign'', which refers t...
23: ...]] by [[Caradoc of Llancarfan]], Arthur killed Gildas' brother Hueil, a pirate on the [[Isle of Man]]....
Christopher Columbus (44177 bytes)
1: ...lumbus''' ([[1451]][[#Early life|1]] – [[20 May]] [[1506]]) ( ''Cristòfor Colom'' in...
5: ...led by [[João Vaz Corte-Real]] to Terra Verde (today's Newfoundland). [[Giovanni Caboto]] (better kno...
7: ... in the Bahamas) is celebrated as a [[Holiday|holiday]].
11: ...ome – including many [[Native Americans]] – view him as responsible, directly or indirectl...
21: ...ant, and his mother was Susanna Fontanarossa, the daughter of a woollens merchant. Christopher had thr...
David Livingstone (4684 bytes)
1: [[image:david_livingstone.jpg|thumb|right|David Livingstone]]
3: '''David Livingstone''' ([[March 19]], [[1813]] – [[May 1]], [[1873]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish...
6: ...the example of another Scot, Robert Moffat, whose daughter he later married, and joined the [[London M...
8: ...though she was pregnant – but returned to [[England]] with their children.
11: ...orial at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.jpg|thumb|right|David Livingstone memorial at [[Victoria Falls]]]]
Middle Colonies (4101 bytes)
1: ...erant. They had more [[agriculture]] than the New England colony. The Middle Colonies were also known as th...
5: ... ate a form of pudding called cornmeal mush every day of the year. [[Johnnycake]], bread made with co...
11: ...d less schooling than the average second grader today. The only book owned by many families was the [[...
13: ...iends and relatives along with [[gardening]], and dancing was popular among both women and men. From t...
Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
1: ...y industry and machine manufacture. It began in [[England]] with the introduction of [[steam engine|steam p...
3: The dating of the Industrial Revolution is not exact, bu...
10: ... institutional changes wrought by the end of [[feudalism]] in [[Great Britain]] after the [[English Ci...
16: ...so they invested in the production of machines in England.
22: ...able as there was privilege and monopoly. The abundant supply of coal and iron ore made the making of ...
Steel (28384 bytes)
8:
32: ...copper-smelting sites on the [[Sinai Peninsula]], dated to about 3000 BC. Some iron oxides are effect...
34: ...] died in [[1323 BC]] and was buried with an iron dagger with a golden hilt. An [[Ancient Egyptian]] [...
40: ...artifact is a knife found on [[Cyprus]] at a site dated to [[1100 BC]].
46: ...and weapons. A mass grave in [[Hebei]] province, dated to the early third century BC, contains severa...
Puritan (15882 bytes)
1: ...p of radical [[Protestants]] which developed in [[England]] after the [[Reformation]].
4: ...in the 17th century would be "[[Fundamentalism|fundamentalist]]": Puritanism was a movement rather th...
8: ...ervient to politics. Persecuted under [[Mary I of England]] ("Bloody Mary"), Protestants like [[Thomas Cart...
12: ...otestants. As a group, they wanted the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches ...
14: ...ed. Attempts by the [[bishop]]s of the Church of England to enforce uniformity of usage in the ''Book of C...
China (38909 bytes)
32: ...[Silk Road]] before it finally reached Europe and England. The Western "China", transliterated to [[Shina (...
34: ...low [[political divisions of China|provincial boundaries]]. In many contexts, "China" is commonly used...
38: ...hina]]" (中國大陸,''zhōngguó dàlù'' in Mandarin), especially when contrasting it with other, p...
45: ...hang]], who settled along the [[Huang He]] river, dating from the 18th to the 12th centuries BC. The S...
55: ...ist state]]—the People's Republic of China—that laid claim to be the successor state of th...
November 4 (10686 bytes)
2: ...p year]]s) in the [[Gregorian Calendar]], with 57 days remaining.
4: {{NovemberCalendar}}
7: ... captures [[Antwerp (city)|Antwerp]] (after three days the city was nearly destroyed).
9: ...e [[Mary II of England]] marries [[William III of England|William, Prince of Orange]]. They would later be...
35: ...�tien]] takes office as [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (35966 bytes)
2: ...beth II in an official portrait as [[Queen of Canada]] (on the occasion of her [[Golden Jubilee of Eli...
7: ...s]], [[Barbados]], [[Belize]], [[Canada]], [[Grenada]], [[Jamaica]], [[New Zealand]], [[Papua New Guin...
9: ... of England|Supreme Governor]] of the [[Church of England]], [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[UK Armed Force...
15: ... of York (n饠[[Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]), the daughter of [[Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of...
17: As a granddaughter of the British sovereign in the male line, ...
Adela of Normandy (2741 bytes)
5: ...her of both [[Stephen of England|Stephen, King of England]] and [[Henry of Blois]], [[Bishop of Winchester]...
7: ... She was the favorite sister of King [[Henry I of England]]; they were probably the youngest of the Conquer...
9: ...89]], making him one of the wealthiest men of his day. He was a proud and self-indulgent man, who had ...
15: # [[Stephen I of England|Stephen of Blois]]
22: ...ft Blois in [[1111]] to join his uncle's court in England.
Melisende of Jerusalem (16880 bytes)
5: Melisende was the eldest daughter of King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] and the...
11: ... in diplomatic correspondence. Baldwin raised his daughter as a capable successor to himself and Melis...
13: ...Maud, [[Henry I of England]]'s designated heir as England's next Queen regnant). Throughout the negotiation...
21: ...ons of infidelity was a public affront that would damage Melisende's position entirely.
37: ...hem. The result of this breach of treaty was that Damascus would never trust the Crusader states again...
Agnes of Courtenay (6051 bytes)
3: Agnes was the daughter of [[Joscelin II of Courtenay]], [[County o...
9: ...s questioned by supporters of Amalric and Maria's daughter [[Isabella of Jerusalem|Isabella]]. There w...
13: ...f [[Humphrey IV of Toron]] to Amalric and Maria's daughter Isabella; one of the terms of marriage was ...
15: ...10 years, while the Haute Cour and the kings of [[England]], [[France]], and [[Germany]] were to choose the...
20: ...nay]], [[Latin Empire|Latin emperor]], and [[Yolanda of Flanders]]. She married [[Geoffrey II Villhard...
Sibylla of Jerusalem (11497 bytes)
1: ...salem]] from [[1186]] to 1190. She was the eldest daughter of [[Amalric I of Jerusalem]] and [[Agnes o...
17: ...Bohemund, her political rivals, from marrying her daughter into the rival court faction, led by the Ib...
19: Sibylla bore her new husband two daughters, Alice and Maria. Initially Baldwin IV ves...
23: ...3]] allowed for the Haute Cour and the kings of [[England]], [[France]], and [[Germany]] to choose the next...
27: ...wing the precedent of Melisende, and as the elder daughter of King Amalric, Sibylla had the best claim...
Isabella of Jerusalem (7928 bytes)
3: ...n of Jerusalem]] [[1192]]–1205. She was the daughter of [[Amalric I of Jerusalem]] and his secon...
11: ...succession would be adjudicated by the kings of [[England]], [[France]], and [[Germany]]. The selection wou...
19: ...e King of France. It was his uncle [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lion-Hearted]], a close ally and frie...
23: ... (born [[1200]]), and one son, Amalric ([[1201]]–1205). King Amalric died in 1205, shortly befor...
25: ...er death in 1205, she was succeeded by her eldest daughter [[Maria of Montferrat]].
Isabella of Castile (4156 bytes)
2: ...used in modern Spanish) ([[April 22]], [[1451]] – [[November 26]], [[1504]]) was [[Kings of Cast...
5: ...l de Beaumont]]. Finally she was great-great-granddaughter to [[Nuno Alvares Pereira]], Count de Barce...
7: She was great-granddaughter of [[John I of Castile]] and his wife [[Ele...
8: ...nez Perez, and his wife Beatriz Pereira, countess da Barcellos.
10: ... Lancaster]], a half sister of King [[Henry IV of England]]. Her maternal grandparents were Prince [[Joao o...
Eleanor of Aquitaine (11927 bytes)
3: ...he was [[Queen consort]] of both [[France]] and [[England]] in her lifetime.
6: ...ad been arranged by his father and her mother, as Dangereuse was the long-time mistress of [[William I...
10: ... [[Loire]] to the [[Pyrenees]]: most of what is today the southwest of France. However, there was a c...
12: ...] from V麥lay, the rumored location of [[Mary Magdalene]]'s burial, dramatically emphasized the role ...
16: ...tence on conquest, the crusade leaders targeted [[Damascus]], an ally until the attack. Failing in thi...
Catherine de' Medici (7484 bytes)
3: ...dici family|Medici]]''' ([[April 13]], [[1519]] – [[January 5]], [[1589]]), born in Italy as '''...
5: Born in [[Florence, Italy]], she was a daughter of [[Lorenzo II de' Medici]], Duke of Urbin...
11: During the reign of her husband (1547–1559), Catherine lived a quiet and passive life...
13: ... she enforced a ban on thick waists at court attendance during the 1550s. For nearly 350 years, women'...
17: ...son, the duke of Anjou, to Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]], but that did not come about.
Mary I of England (24813 bytes)
3: ...ight|thumb|220px|'''Mary I''' Queen of England and Ireland]]
8: ...cases reversed by her successor, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]].
13: ... Catherine's sixth and last child was a stillborn daughter.
17: ...her Francis I, who was eager for an alliance with England. A marriage treaty was signed; it provided that ...
19: ...acknowledged as "Supreme Head" of the [[Church of England]].
Mary I of Scotland (27810 bytes)
7: ... of [[Scotland]] from [[December 14]], [[1542]] – [[July 24]], [[1567]]. She is perhaps the best...
9: ... lived at approximately the same time ([[1516]] – [[1558]]), and whose reign coincided with that...
17: ... during her time in France, and she and her descendants stuck with it.)
19: ...eir heirs to inherit the Kingdoms of Scotland and England. Two months later, Mary and her mother, who stron...
24: On the day of the coronation Mary was dressed in heavy rega...
Christina of Sweden (9364 bytes)
1: ... of [[Sweden]] from [[1632]] to [[1654]], was the daughter of King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]]. As...
14: <tr valign=top><td>'''Date of Birth'''<td>[[December 18]], [[1626]]
16: <tr valign=top><td>'''Date of Death'''<td>[[April 19]], [[1689]]
31: ...tes (clergy, burgesses and peasants) in the [[Riksdag of the Estates]] of [[1650]] for the reduction o...
39: The importunity of the senate and Riksdag on the question of her marriage was a constant s...
Elizabeth I of England (34338 bytes)
2: ...right|220px|'''Elizabeth I''' Queen of England and Ireland]]
7: ...d during a period of great religious turmoil in [[England|English]] history.
9: ...tal misalliances. Like her father [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], she was a writer and poet. She gran...
11: ... and seven [[baron|baronies]] in the [[Peerage of England]], and one barony in the [[Peerage of Ireland]], ...
16: ...ed in the line of succession after [[Edward VI of England|Prince Edward]] under the [[English Act of Succes...
Anne of Great Britain (22303 bytes)
3: | [[Image:queen_anne_england.JPG|right|thumb|150px|'''Anne''' Queen...
8: ...[[8 March]] [[1702]]. On [[1 May]] [[1707]], when England and Scotland combined into a single [[Kingdom of ...
10: ...-operate. The [[Act of Union 1707]] (which united England and Scotland into Great Britain) was a product of...
15: ...t politician). Her uncle was King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], and her sister was the future Mary ...
17: ...tant [[Prince George of Denmark]], brother of the Danish King [[Christian V of Denmark|Christian V]]. ...
Mary II of England (12093 bytes)
2: ...umb|right|175px|'''Mary II''' Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland]]
8: ...th her husband and first cousin, [[William III of England|William III]], who became the sole ruler upon her...
11: ...nne Hyde]]. Mary's uncle was King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]; her maternal grandfather, [[Edward ...
15: ... the [[Louis, the Grand Dauphin|Dauphin Louis]] — but afterwards approved, as a coalition with t...
20: ...mes Francis Edward Stuart|James Francis Edward]]—in June [[1688]], for the son would, unlike Mar...
Victoria of the United Kingdom (38571 bytes)
7: ...h. Her reign lasted more than sixty-three years — longer than that of any other British monarch....
12: ...future King George IV), did marry, but had only a daughter, [[Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales]]. W...
14: ...French]]. Her educator was the Reverend [[George Davys]] and her governess was [[Louise Lehzen]].
20: ...f the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]'s descendants a separate family surname, [[Mountbatten-Winds...
25: ...ugustus I of Hanover|Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]], who became King Ernest Augustus of Hanover. ...
Anne Neville (4967 bytes)
1: ...]) was [[Queen consort]] of King [[Richard III of England]] [[1483]]-[[1485]].
5: ...], [[1456]], at [[Warwick Castle]], the younger [[daughter]] of [[Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick]] a...
9: ...s he had received for helping King [[Edward IV of England]] to the throne, had changed sides and allied him...
11: ... battle a few months later. Anne arrived back in England with her new husband and mother-in-law to find he...
15: The marriage of Anne Neville and [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]], took place on [[Ju...
Catherine of Valois (1918 bytes)
1: ...[3 January]] [[1437]]) was the Queen consort of [[England]] from [[1420]] till [[1422]].
3: ...f this marriage was the future King [[Henry VI of England]].
7: ...come the father of the future King [[Henry VII of England]].
Diana, Princess of Wales (29391 bytes)
6: date_of_birth=[[1 July]], [[1961]] |
7: place_of_birth=[[Sandringham]], [[Norfolk]], [[England]] |
8: date_of_death=[[31 August]], [[1997]] |
11: ...ten-Windsor]], n饠Spencer) ([[1 July]] [[1961]]–[[31 August]] [[1997]]) was the first [[wife]] ...
13: ...anthropic endeavours were overshadowed by a [[scandal]]-plagued marriage. Her bitter accusations of [[...
Elizabeth Woodville (6291 bytes)
2: ... was the [[Queen consort]] of King [[Edward IV of England]] from [[1464]] until his death in [[1483]].
6: ...to [[Margaret of Anjou]], Queen of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]. In about [[1452]], she married Sir [[...
12: ...dowager [[Duke of Norfolk|Duchess]] of [[Norfolk, England|Norfolk]]. Katherine had been widowed three times...
16: ...dden death in [[1483]]. The elder, [[Edward V of England|Edward]], had been born in [[sanctuary]] at [[Wes...
18: ...lost the title of Queen Mother and was called The Dame Elizabeth Grey. She and her other children wer...
Margaret of Anjou (3729 bytes)
1: ... [[1482]]) was the Queen consort of [[Henry VI of England]] from [[1445]] to [[1471]], and a major proponen...
3: ...n the province of [[Lorraine]] in [[France]], the daughter of [[Rene I of Naples]], Duke of [[Anjou]],...
14: ...y began raising an army in Wales and the north of England, where she was assisted by Henry's half-brother, ...
18: ...nce, and Margaret insisted that Warwick return to England to prove himself, before she followed. He did so...
20: ...ghter-in-law were ready to follow Warwick back to England, however, he had been defeated and killed by the ...
Marie Antoinette (40871 bytes)
2: ...er]] [[1755]] ? executed [[16 October]] [[1793]]) Daughter of [[Maria Theresa of Austria]], wife of [[...
4: ...-Antoinette was the fifteenth child (the youngest daughter; she had a brother one year younger) of the...
9: ... he would like the hand of the Empress's youngest daughter in marriage - Marie-Antoinette (much to the...
15: ...ria-Antonia should be sent to France to marry the dauphin.
17: ...rteen. The Empress's parting words to her sobbing daughter was, "Farewell, my dearest child. Do so muc...
Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (3681 bytes)
1: ...tor, Viscountess Astor''' ([[May 19]], [[1879]] – [[May 2]], [[1964]]) was a socialite politicia...
4: ...]] was the wife and model of the artist [[Charles Dana Gibson]], creator of the [[Gibson Girl]]. One o...
6: ...husband, [[Robert Gould Shaw 2nd]], then moved to England where in 1906, she married [[Waldorf Astor, 2nd V...
8: ...Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] candidate in the required by-election. Elected on [[Novem...
10: ...Winston Churchill]] as his replacement. Her son [[David Astor]], who became editor/owner of ''The Obse...
Aung San Suu Kyi (4196 bytes)
4: '''Daw Aung San Suu Kyi''' (born [[June 19]], [[1945]] ...
6: She is the daughter of General [[Aung San]], who negotiated Bur...
8: ...n Studies]], [[University of London]]. While in [[England]], Suu Kyi met and married [[Michael Aris]], a sc...
12: Heavily influenced by [[Mohandas Gandhi]]'s philosophy of nonviolence, Aung San S...
18: ...t each other." Aung San Suu Kyi proclaimed "a new dawn for the country." However on [[May 30]], [[200...
Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (2468 bytes)
2: ...gland|King James II]]) and befriended his younger daughter; Anne was a few years Sarah's junior. They...
6: ...] (1961-1997), Sarah sought to marry off her granddaughter [[Diana Spencer|Lady Diana Spencer]] (1710-...
8: ... Somerset|The Duchess of Somerset]] | years=1704–1710}}
11: ...daughter of [[Sir Winston Churchill]] and a descendant of the original Sarah.
Sonia Gandhi (4483 bytes)
7: ...lish language|English]] in [[Cambridge|Cambridge, England]] (not affliated to the [[University of Cambridge...
15: ... became Prime Minister. However, on [[May 18]], a day before her scheduled inauguration, unleashing a ...
17: ...In addition, she has also edited 'Freedom’s Daughter' and 'Two Alone, Two Together' (two volumes...
Mary Robinson (21825 bytes)
3: ...|1990 presidential election]] becoming, as a candidate of the [[Irish Labour Party|Labour Party]], the...
17: <tr><td>'''Other candidates:'''</td><td>[[Fianna Fᩬ]]: Brian Lenihan, TD...
23: ...]], [[County Mayo]] in [[1944]], Robinson was the daughter of two medical doctors. The Hiberno-Norman ...
25: ... studying in Trinity, founded by [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] and once a [[Protestant]], [[...
31: ...ich she was first elected, as an independent candidate, in 1969. From this body she campaigned on a wi...
Margaret Thatcher (46377 bytes)
7: – [[28 November]] [[1990]]
15: |'''Date of Birth:'''
19: |[[Grantham]], [[England]]
27: ...''Iron Lady''' in [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] propaganda (because of her vocal opposition to [[communism]]...
31: ...cially in the industrial heartlands of [[northern England]], and increased wealth inequalities. However fro...
Christabel Pankhurst (1631 bytes)
3: ...) was a [[suffragette]] born in [[Manchester]], [[England]].
5: ...tant]] action for the suffragette cause after her daughter's arrest and was herself imprisoned on many...
7: ...hwick riding but was defeated. Leaving her native England, she moved to the [[United States]] where she eve...
9: She was made a Dame Commander of the British Empire in 1936.
Emmeline Pankhurst (1950 bytes)
5: ...l Smyth]]. She was joined in the movement by her daughters, [[Christabel Pankhurst|Christabel]] and [...
Sylvia Pankhurst (3170 bytes)
5: ...was born in [[Manchester|Manchester, England]], a daughter of [[Dr. Richard Pankhurst]] and [[Emmeline...
15: ...gs of the International in [[Russia]] and [[Amsterdam]] and also meetings of the Italian Socialist Par...
Jane Austen (5805 bytes)
2: ...use in Chawton).jpg|thumb|House of Jane Austen (today it is a museum)]]
3: '''Jane Austen''' ([[December 16]], [[1775]]–[[July 18]], [[1817]]) was a prominent [[Englis...
5: ...ster, Hampshire|Winchester]] to seek medical attendance, but so rapid was the progress of her malady t...
12: ... view of life seems largely genial, with a strong dash of gentle but keen satire: she appeals rarely a...
34: *The History of England
Isak Dinesen (2959 bytes)
3: ...''. Blixen wrote works both in [[Danish language|Danish]] and in [[English language|English]]. She i...
5: ... [[Croix de Guerre]] while serving with the [[Canada|Canadian]] army in the [[First World War]].
9: ... to publish several other works simultaneously in Danish and English, mostly collections of short stor...
15: * ''The Hermits'' (1907, published in a Danish journal under the name Osceola)
16: * ''The Ploughman'' (1907, published in a Danish journal under the name Osceola)
George Eliot (6014 bytes)
3: ...an era]], whose novels, largely set in provincial England, are well known for their [[realism]] and psychol...
5: ...vate life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with [[George Henry ...
8: Mary Ann Evans was the daughter of an estate agent in [[Warwickshire]], bor...
10: ...career. Evans' cohabitation with Lewes was a scandalous matter. Lewes' wife refused to be divorced, ...
21: ...[Middlemarch]]''. By the time of ''[[Daniel Deronda]]'', Eliot's sales were falling off, and she fade...
Marie de France (1845 bytes)
1: ... de France''' was a [[poet]], in [[France]] and [[England]] during the late [[12th century]]. Little is kno...
3: ...arie de France" could be same as Eleanor's eldest daughter Mary, Princess of France and Countess of Ch...
Artemisia Gentileschi (23093 bytes)
3: ...ileschi''' ([[July 8]], [[1593]] - [[1653]]) is today considered one of the most accomplished Early [[...
10: ...elden]]. The picture shows how, under parental guidance, Artemisia assimilated the realism of [[Carava...
12: ..., so Orazio hired the Tuscan painter to tutor his daughter privately. The unfortunate effect was that ...
14: ...apped around the fingers and tighted by degrees — a particularly cruel torture to a painter. Bot...
18: ... Virgin Mary with Baby"''), currently in the [[Spada Gallery]], [[Rome]].
Nina Hamnett (3501 bytes)
1: '''Nina Hamnett''' ([[February 14]], [[1890]] – [[December 16]], [[1956]]) was an artist and w...
7: ... as the ''[[Salon d'Automne]]'' in Paris. Back in England, she taught at the [[Westminster Technical Instit...
21: Nina Hamnett died in London, England in 1965.
Ouida (1938 bytes)
1:
3: De la Ram饠was born in [[Bury St Edmunds]], [[England]], to an English father and a French mother. She...
16: * ''Held in Bondage'' (1863) (first published with the title ''Gran...
18: * ''Idalia'' (??)
33: * ''Wanda'' (1883)
Christine de Pizan (6645 bytes)
2: ...Pisan in fact was merely describing a standard feudal practice whereby the wife of a nobleman was expe...
13: ...n the occasion of the marriage of [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] with [[Isabella of France]] (1396), ...
15: ...d to her pretensions as a moralist. [[Henry IV of England]] desired her to make his court her home, and she...
19: ...des trois vertus'', or ''Le Tr鳯r de la cite des dames''. She was devoted to her adopted country. Dur...
21: ...obably took place about this time. Her ''Cite des dames'' contains many interesting contemporary portr...
Gertrude Stein (13569 bytes)
17: ... were visiting with [[Alfred North Whitehead]] in England. They returned to France and volunteered to drive...
54: ...means value, in the sense of overall lightness or darkness of a painting, Stein using a high proportio...
58: ...ere gay there, they were regularly gay there everyday," of which he contends that the, "effect would b...
60: ...te in long hand, typically about half an hour per day. Alice B. Toklas would collect the pages, type t...
61: Today, most manuscripts are kept in the [[Beinecke Lib...
Amy Johnson (2606 bytes)
2: '''Amy Johnson''' ([[July 1]], [[1903]] – [[January 5]], [[1941]]) was a famous English ...
8: ...t year and landed in [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin, Australia]] on [[May 24]] after flying 11,00...
10: ...]] [[1931]], she set the record for flying from [[England]] to [[Japan]] in a [[De Havilland]] [[Puss Moth]...
12: ...1932]], she set a solo record for the flight from England to [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]], also in a Pus...
18: ... [[De_Havilland_DH.88|De Havilland Comet]] in the England to [[Australia]] air race. Johnson was to divorce...
Phillis Wheatley (3014 bytes)
5: ...elina, Countess of Huntingdon]] and the [[Earl of Dartmouth]] helped with the publication.
14: ... by Geo. W. Light, 1834), also by Margaretta Matilda Odell
15: ...ects, Religious and Moral'' Published in 1773 in England
Jackie Cochran (7825 bytes)
4: ... age 14 left her home in [[DeFuniak Springs, Florida]], working as a hairdresser until she wound up in...
12: ...ished Service Medal (USA)|Distinguished Service Medal]].
16: ... She is the only woman to ever receive the Gold Medal from the [[Federation Aeronautique International...
18: ..., [[California]], Jacqueline Cochran flew a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[F-86 Sabre]] jet at an average speed...
20: ...ity in support of an Eisenhower presidential candidacy. The rally was documented on film and Cochran p...
Ada Lovelace (5406 bytes)
1: [[image:AdaLovelace1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Ada Lovelace]]
2: '''Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace''' ([[December 10]], [...
6: ...eed of Separation and left England for good a few days later. He never saw either again.
8: ...Annabella was fond of [[mathematics]] and taught Ada this art at an early stage of her life. She was p...
10: [[Image:Ada Lovelace.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Ada Lovelace]]
Rosalind Franklin (9829 bytes)
5: ...ioner (effectively governor) for the [[British Mandate of Palestine]]. Her aunt Helen was married to N...
9: ... It seemed she had little choice but to return to England.
12: ...nforming Wilkins of that fact. Wilkins was on holiday when Franklin arrived, and so he returned to fin...
15: ...and Franklin illuminating their X-ray diffraction data published in the same issue of ''Nature'' suppo...
18: ...ell have been deliberately exacerbated by John Randall. Watson has stated that Franklin should have di...
Lise Meitner (3907 bytes)
2: '''Lise Meitner''' ([[November 7]], [[1878]]–[[October 27]], [[1968]]) was an [[Austria]]n [...
10: ... completely unexpected; it took some study of the data and creative thinking to free her mind from the...
12: ...ess Club (USA) in 1946; received the Max Planck Medal of the German Physics Society, 1949.
14: Meitner died in [[Cambridge]], [[England]] in [[1968]]. Element 109 is named [[meitnerium]...
17: ..., Max von Laue on the Occasion of their 80th Birthday''. New York: Interscience.
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (3312 bytes)
3: ...[1836]]  [[17 December]] [[1917]]) was an [[England|English]] physician and [[feminism|feminist]], th...
5: ...edicine, an unheard-of thing for a woman in those days, regarded by some as almost indecent. Having o...
7: In 1866 she was appointed general medical attendant to St Mary's Dispensary, a London institution s...
9: ... medical degree of London University (the present-day [[University College London]]), which was opened...
11: ...ch Dr Anderson was the indefatigable pioneer in [[England]], extended in her lifetime to every civilized co...
Dorothea Dix (5868 bytes)
2: '''Dorothea Lynde Dix''' ([[April 4]], [[1802]]–[[July 17]], [[1887]]) (not to be confused with...
10: ...arranged to have her sent abroad to recover. In [[England]], she spent a year living on the estate of the R...
12: ... family-like asylum removed from the pressures of daily life. When she returned to the United states s...
18: ...like [[Florence Nightingale]] at the same time in England, she used this image to shame the powerful into a...
Florence Nightingale (15657 bytes)
3: ...|nursing]]. Each year, the [[International Nurses Day]] is celebrated on her birth anniversary.
11: ...nfirmary]] in [[London]] that became a public scandal, Nightingale became the leading advocate for imp...
19: ...46]]), a position he would hold again ([[1852]] – [[1854]]) during the [[Crimean War]]. Herbert ...
23: ...ctivity, and the [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]] foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Flore...
31: ...arly in November [[1854]]. In [[Scutari]] (modern-day [[ܳk? in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]) Nightingale ...
Clara Schumann (3372 bytes)
3: ...e Wieck Schumann''' ([[September 13]], [[1819]] – [[May 20]], [[1896]]), wife of composer [[Rob...
7: ...rly age with her father, the well-known piano [[pedagogue]] [[Friedrich Wieck]]. She had a brilliant c...
9: ...s works, but when in [[1856]] she first visited [[England]] the critics received Schumann's music with a ch...
11: ...bility was considerably rarer than in the present day, she was herself the composer of a few songs and...
14: ...r violin and piano. Inspired by her husbands birthday, the three Romances were composed in 1853 and de...
Tori Amos (27672 bytes)
3: ...s probably best known to the wider public for a [[dance]] [[remix]] of "[[Professional Widow]]", her s...
10: ...nd her difficulty with playing from sheet music – with Caton, [[Matt Sorum]] (later of [[the Cul...
13: ...hearing the edited version, and relocated Tori to England to launch the "new" album, which was released und...
33: ...rgirl Hotel'', but like that album featured overt dance music influences and a relatively subdued pian...
50: ===''Welcome to Sunny Florida''===
Grace O'Malley (3478 bytes)
6: ...and]], when [[Henry VIII]] was on the throne of [[England]]. Under the policies of the English government a...
7: Grace was the daughter of Owen Dubhdarra O' Malley, chieftain of the O'Malley clan. The...
14: ...ed for centuries in the O' Malley family and is today open to the public. They had one son, Tibbot Bur...
22: ...minally directing her raids against "enemies of [[England]]". She died in Rockfleet around [[1603]].
Mary, the mother of Jesus (30135 bytes)
17: ...e cross along with her sister Mary, and [[Mary Magdalene]], [[Salome (disciple)|Salome]] and other wom...
19: ...ople in the Upper Room after the Ascension on the day of [[Pentecost]], she is one of the handful who ...
25: ...French, Spanish, and Italian, is rendered ''Notre Dame'', ''Nuestra Señora'', and ''Madonna'' r...
27: ...ome Orthodox and Catholic Christians, she was the daughter of [[Joachim]] and [[Saint Anne|Anna]]. Bef...
41: ...too much attention is focused on Mary, there is a danger of detracting from the worship due to God alo...
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (8386 bytes)
2: ...), better known as '''Helena Blavatsky''' or '''Madame Blavatsky''' was the founder of [[Theosophy]].
5: ...aine]] (then part of the [[Russian Empire]]), the daughter of [[Colonel|Col.]] Peter Alexeivich von Ha...
15: ...inspiration from [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]]. Madame Blavatsky claimed that all religions were both ...
21: ...by Theosophists, and it is called White [[Lotus]] Day.
54: *''The Esoteric World of Madame Blavatsky'' by Daniel Caldwell [http://esotericworld.net]
Julian of Norwich (1710 bytes)
1: ...1413]]) is considered to be one of the greatest [[England|English]] [[mystic]]s. Little is known of her li...
Joan of Arc (27453 bytes)
2: ...le interest in the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Canada]], [[United Kingdom]] and [[United States]]. Many...
7: ...wn prince]]), and making the infant [[Henry VI of England]] the nominal king after [[1422]].
12: ...d they gave her male clothing to wear (as the standard disguise used in such circumstances) and brough...
14: ... small force she eventually led included the legendary soldiers, [[Jean de Dunois|Jean d'Orleans (Coun...
16: ... said would verify her legitimacy as a visionary—gained her the support of prominent clergy such...
Denise Bloch (2657 bytes)
11: ...humously, Britain awarded her the "[[King's Commendation for Brave Conduct]]." In France, posthumous h...
Edith Cavell (1802 bytes)
3: [[Image:Eca dead2.jpeg|thumb|234px|A propaganda image of Edith Cavell]]
7: ...se became an important article of British propaganda throughout the war [http://www.stephen-stratford....
Julia Child (8199 bytes)
2: '''Julia Child''' ([[August 15]], [[1912]] – [[August 13]], [[2004]]), born '''Julia McWill...
6: ...ca]] (U.S.), she grew up eating traditional [[New England]] food prepared by the family maid. After graduat...
28: ...]]'' sketch, she was affectionately parodied by [[Dan Aykroyd]], continuing with a cooking show despit...
30: ...and Food]] in California with vintner [[Robert Mondavi]] and others to "advance the understanding, app...
36: ...igned by her husband with high counters to accommodate her height and which served as the set for thre...
Odette Sansom (1906 bytes)
5: ... in [[Nazi]]-occupied France. She left her three daughters in the care of her husband.
Violette Szabo (2541 bytes)
3: ...[[Croix de Guerre|CdG]] ([[June 26]], [[1921]] – [[February 5]]?, [[1945]]) was a [[World War I...
5: ...e daughter of a [[France|French]] mother and an [[England|English]] father, born '''Violette Bushell''' in ...
9: ...German communication lines in preparation for [[D-Day]]. However, she was eventually betrayed and arre...
Tallulah Bankhead (6331 bytes)
4: ...emocrat from Alabama [[1931]]-[[1946]]), and granddaughter of Senator [[John H. Bankhead]] ([[1842]]-[...
10: ... the [[West End (of London)|West End]]'s -- and [[England]]'s -- best-known celebrities.
14: Nevertheless, [[David O. Selznick]] called her the "first choice amo...
24: ...-a-day consumption of [[bourbon whiskey|Old Grand Dad]] -- continued unabated. And behavior that was e...
61: *[[A Royal Scandal]] (1945)
Ingrid Bergman (5216 bytes)
1: '''Ingrid Bergman''' ([[August 29]], [[1915]] – [[August 29]], [[1982]]) was an [[Academy Awar...
3: ... a dozen films in Sweden, Bergman was signed by [[David O. Selznick]] to star in the remake of [[Inter...
7: ...rgman was branded as "Hollywood's apostle of degradation." One of Rossellini's and Bergman's children...
9: ...6 movie)|Anastasia]]'', Bergman made her post-scandal return to Hollywood and won Best Actress for a s...
13: ...er]] on her birthday in [[1982]] in [[London]], [[England]]. She was cremated in Sweden, her ashes scattere...
Ava Gardner (4142 bytes)
2: '''Ava Gardner''' ([[December 24]], [[1922]] – [[January 25]], [[1990]]) was an [[United Stat...
8: ... She lost to [[Audrey Hepburn]] in ''[[Roman Holiday]]''. Many thought Gardner's greatest performanc...
12: ...enses. She died of [[pneumonia]] in [[London]], [[England]].
22: * [[Sunday Punch]] (1942)
66: * [[55 Days at Peking]] (1963)
Katharine Hepburn (23170 bytes)
2: ...d her 13th nomination for ''[[Adaptation (movie)|Adaptation]]''. Hepburn won an [[Emmy Award]] in [[1...
5: ...father was a staunch proponent of publicizing the dangers of [[venereal disease]] in a time when such ...
7: ...ater be recognized for her athletic physicality — she fearlessly performed her own pratfalls in ...
12: ...n and Smith's marriage was rocky from the start — she insisted he change his name to S. Ogden Lu...
21: ...zon]] princess in [[The Warrior's Husband]] (an update of ''[[Lysistrata]]''), which debuted to excell...
Vivien Leigh (4286 bytes)
3: ...he Convent of the Sacred Heart in [[Roehampton]], England, along with fellow actress-to-be [[Maureen O'Sull...
5: ... [[1932]] to Herbert Leigh Holman, and they had a daughter, Suzanne, in [[1933]].
7: ... late [[1938]], when filming began. [[Paulette Goddard]] was close to be cast as [[Margaret Mitchell]]...
24: *''[[Fire Over England]]'' ([[1937]])
25: *''[[Dark Journey]]'' ([[1937]])
Marilyn Monroe (30186 bytes)
2: '''Marilyn Monroe''' ([[June 1]], [[1926]] – [[August 5]], [[1962]]) was an [[United States...
6: ... her true biological father. The most likely candidate for a while seemed to be [[Charles Stanley Giff...
8: ...r cruelly, corrected her. After Marilyn's death, Ida claimed that she and Wayne had seriously consider...
10: ...t never hugged or kissed her, or even smiled. One day, Gladys announced that she had bought a house fo...
12: ...herty, who would become her first husband. The Goddard family was moving to the [[East Coast of the Un...
Julie Andrews (8700 bytes)
3: Dame '''Julie Andrews, [[DBE]]''' (born [[October 1]...
5: ...tarred in [[Rodgers & Hammerstein]]'s television adaptation of ''[[Cinderella]]''.
7: ...nry Higgins]] in ''[[My Fair Lady]]'' (a musical adaptation of [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s ''[[Pygmalion...
11: ...s to the decline of the movie musical. Both were damaging to Andrews' subsequent career and, despite ...
15: ...e a [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]], becoming Dame Julie Andrews. Since then she has been struggli...
Suzanne Lenglen (11495 bytes)
3: ...ne Rachel Flore Lenglen''' ([[24 May]] [[1899]] – [[4 July]], [[1938]]) was a [[France|French]] ...
8: ...hief at various places on the court, to which his daughter had to direct the ball.
10: ... fought three-set match: 5–7, 6–4, 6–3. That same year she won the International Cla...
14: ...h points and winning in 10–8, 4–6, 9–7 to take her first Grand Slam victory.
18: ... with [[Elisabeth d'Ayen]]), and won the bronze medal after their opponents withdrew.
Ellen MacArthur (3652 bytes)
2: ...[[sailor]] from [[Whatstandwell]] near [[Matlock, England|Matlock]] in [[Derbyshire]], now based in [[Cowes...
14: ... around one and a quarter hours, after over seven days of sailing.
16: ...ecord set by French sailor [[Francis Joyon]] by 1 day, 8 hours, 35 minutes, 49 seconds.
18: ...nder]] of the [[Royal Naval Reserve]] on the same day.
20: ...record for a single-handed circumnavigation is 71 days 14 hours 18 minutes 33 seconds, during which sh...
Martina Navratilova (16246 bytes)
9: ...rst professional singles title in [[Orlando, Florida]] in [[1974]].
33: ...t title came on August 21, [[2005]], at the [[Canada Masters|Rogers Cup]] in [[Toronto]], where she wo...
63: 1983 Australian Open Kathy Jordan 6-2, 7-6
164: ...mbledon''', Avon Championships, Oakland, Houston, Dallas, Chicago, Richmond, Atlanta, Phoenix, Brighto...
167: ...hips, Kansas City, Chicago, Los Angeles, Oakland, Dallas, Amelia Island, Orlando, Montreal, Richmond, ...
African Lily (1955 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Liliopsida]]}}
24: ...e greenhouse plant and is hardy in the south of [[England]] and [[Ireland]] if protected from severe frosts...
Iris (plant) (13374 bytes)
6: ...x_classis_entry | taxon = [[monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Iridaceae]]}}
9: ...axobox authority|author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]|date = [[1753]]}}
28: ...species, such as ''I. germanica, fiorenhina, pallida, variegata, amoena, flavescens, sambucina, neglec...
30: ...To this set belong ''milifolia'', ''junonia'', ''danfordiae'', ''reichenbachii'' and others which flo...
Apple (20408 bytes)
6: ..._classis_entry | taxon = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]}}
44: ...Bramley]]': [[Southwell]], [[Nottinghamshire]], [[England]] (about 1809)
58: *'[[Idared]]': [[Idaho]] (1942)
63: *'[[McIntosh]]': [[Canada]] (1811)
91: ...rf]] rootstocks are generally more susceptible to damage from wind and cold. Full dwarf trees are ofte...
Rose (15436 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliopsida]]}}
10: ...box authority | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]| date = [[1753]] }}
27: ...d, but a few (e.g. ''Rosa pimpinellifolia'') have dark purple to black hips. Each hip comprises an out...
29: ...reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown [[sand]] and so reduce ...
33: ...originates from [[Persian language|Persian]] *''vrda''- via Greek ''rhodon'' "rose" (Aeolic ''wrodon''...
Locomotive (16705 bytes)
1: ...]], at [[Bristol Temple Meads]] station, Bristol, England]]
5: ...ives haul their trains. Increasingly common these days in passenger service is [[push-pull]] operation...
25: ...] [[4-6-2|Pacific]] locomotive of the [[LNER]] in England, number 4468 ''[[LNER 4468 Mallard|Mallard]]'', w...
27: ...wo and a half times that of diesel power, and the daily mileage achievable was far lower. As labour co...
29: ...e in [[China]], where [[coal]] is a much more abundant resource than [[petroleum]] for diesel fuel. In...
Spleen (4479 bytes)
9: ...e hearts in relation to their body size to accommodate the higher-viscosity blood that results. Some ...
16: ...wever the organ is called "Milz". In 19th century England women in bad humour were said to be afflicted by ...
Back (949 bytes)
10: * At [[Cambridge]], in England, '''The Backs''' (in the plural and with a capita...
Beehive (beekeeping) (7741 bytes)
4: ...onal manufacture of ''skeps'' from [[straw]] in [[England]]]]
5: ...ally destroyed the hives, though there were some adaptations with extra top baskets which could be rem...
27: ...h, Langstroth, Modified Commercial and Modified Dadant, top-bar or Kenya-type hives, plus regional var...
31: ...nted his design in 1860 and it has become the standard style hive for 75% of the world's beekeeping.
35: Langstroth hives make use of standardized sizes of hive bodies and frames to ensure t...
Renaissance (14795 bytes)
1: ... revolution]] and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern [[history of Europe|European history]...
7: ...[Image:Vitruvian.jpg|right|thumb|180px|[[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s [[Vitruvian Man]], an example of the bl...
10: ...historians like [[Charles H. Haskins]] ([[1870]]–[[1937]]), who made a convincing case for a "Re...
19: ...the [[poet]] [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] ([[1265]]–[[1321]]), the first writer to embody the spiri...
21: ...n a period of social rot which he labeled the ''[[Dark Ages]]''. Petrarch saw history as social, art a...
Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...ca]]'' in [[1687]] by [[Isaac Newton]]. These boundaries are not uncontroversial, with some claiming t...
7: ...es may arise from lack of recognition of these fundamental differences.
31: ...ar to fill fourteen centuries, and the other candidates are few:
36: ... extending to the early 17th century, are the raw data on which are built the theoretical studies of h...
40: ...ts for a means of creating a more accurate [[calendar]] for its activities. For almost two millennia,...
Middle Ages (21063 bytes)
1: .... The Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the [[Western Roman Empire]] (...
6: ...he migrations has historically been termed the "[[Dark Ages]]" by Western European historians. That te...
12: ...ul]] and western [[Germany]], and [[Saxons]] in [[England]]. These lands remained Christian, and their [[Ar...
16: ...feudal nobles. Well known examples of such consolidation include the [[Albigensian Crusade]] and the [...
18: ...cal obligations, known as [[feudalism]] or the feudal
Medieval art (6359 bytes)
1: ...f the Holy Wisdom]] in former [[Constantinople]]—the image of Christ on the walls of the upper s...
27: ...f artwork was destroyed; so little remains that today any discovery sheds new understanding. After 843...
29: ...thic]] in England (1332), [[Decorated Gothic]] in England (1285), and [[Flamboyant Gothic]] in France (1370...
85: **[[Dancing in the Middle Ages]] ([[Dance]])
Mosaic (6524 bytes)
5: ...c laid in AD 325 at Woodchester, Gloucestershire, England.]]
18: ...e [[4th century]], wall and ceiling mosaics were adapted to Christian uses. The greatest development o...
22: ...f Iraq]] the mosaic was replaced with one of [[Saddam Hussein]].
Pottery (17136 bytes)
8: ... remains of non-literate cultures and help in the dating of some historic cultures as well.
21: ...y virtually identical plates, vases or bowls in a day. Because of its nature, wheel work can only be u...
50: ..., as the kiln must be stoked for as long as a few days, but the pieces which emerge often have charact...
52: The western adaptation of [[Raku]] firing, a traditional [[Japane...
68: ...nds has been dated, by uncalibrated [[radiocarbon dating]], to around the [[11th millennium BC]], in t...
Sculpture (5545 bytes)
37: ...e writings, [[Joan Mir󝝠even proposed that some day sculptures might be made of gases; see [[gas scu...
41: ...x|right|A tree sculpture at Bristol Zoo, Bristol, England. This was sculpted with a chain saw from a standi...
63: ...Angel Botello]] at ''La Ventana al Mar'', [[El Condado, Puerto Rico]]]]Some of the forms of sculpture ...
77: ..., through [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and the [[Renaissance]] masters, to moder...
87: ...n body and develop skills that will provide a foundation for making clothed figurative work.
Glass (26176 bytes)
1: ...was originally, which can be seen in its [[conchoidal]] fracture.
5: ... will be concerned with a specific type of glass—the [[silica]]-based glasses in common use as a...
20: ...s is due to the addition of compounds such as [[soda ash]] (sodium carbonate).
30: ...he melting point to about 1000 ?C. However, the soda makes the glass water-soluble, which is obviously...
32: ...ass that absorbs [[UV]] wavelengths (biologically damaging ionizing radiation).
Pre-historic art (9744 bytes)
15: ... [[Japan]] were the first to develop [[pottery]], dating to the [[11th millennium BC]]. The Jōmon...
17: ...G?li Tepe]] near [[Urfa]] in eastern [[Turkey]], dating to ca. [[10th millennium BC]].
18: ... at the [[Iron Gorge]], [[Serbia and Montenegro]] date to the [[7th millennium BC]] and represent eith...
22: ...lands]], in [[Portugal]], and in [[Wiltshire]], [[England]], the area of Stonehenge, the [[Avebury, Wiltshi...
26: Rock art, showing scenes from the daily life and religious rituals have been found in ...
Heraldry (23465 bytes)
28: ...of two metals (light tinctures) and five colours (dark tinctures), although there are a number of othe...
69: ...e custom in English [[blazon]] was to reduce redundancy by referring to a particular tincture only onc...
92: ...legs), salient (leaping), sejant (sitting) and gardant (looking at the viewer). There are humans as we...
94: .... Circles are generally called "roundels", but in England instead of being described "a roundel vert", they...
104: ...xample of a triple fimbriation.[http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Sig/86SignalBattalion.htm]) The fil...
Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
1: ...D 1407 on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. The Bible was hand written in Belgium, by Gerard...
2: ...Greek language|Greek]] καλλο&sigmaf; ''kallos'' "beauty" + γ&r...
8: ...and widely practiced throughout [[China]] to this day. Although it uses Chinese words as its vehicle o...
12: ..."). All five styles of writing are still in use today.
18: ...g|right|thumbnail|200px|Chu Sui Liang's ([[595]]–[[658]]) ''Meng Fa Shi Bei'']]
Illuminated manuscript (5973 bytes)
10: ...407AD, on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. The Bible was hand written in Belgium, by Gerard...
13: ...ate for various times in the [[liturgy|liturgical day]].
18: ... tastes. The sturdy Roman letters of the early [[Dark Ages]] gradually gave way to cursive scripts su...
Printing (4400 bytes)
6: [[Book]]s are usually printed today using the technique of [[offset printing]], and ...
11: ...d using the more sophisticated [[block printing]] dates from 868 AD (The ''[[Diamond Sutra]]'' of AD [...
15: ...an imported press in Mexico City, Mexico. Stephen Day built the first printing press in North America ...
39: * [[Adam d'Ambergau]]
40: * [[David Bruce]]
Silk (8683 bytes)
25: ... made of it outlast those made of ordinary silk — commonly lasting fifty years or more.
27: ... and is, therefore, more comfortable to wear. Nowadays, it is mainly sought after for the highest-qual...
33: [[James I of England]] introduced silk growing to the American colonie...
Weaving (6924 bytes)
3: ...n other [[dobby loom]]s and the Jacquard harness adaptation was reserved for more complex patterns. T...
24: ... flax to Britain and buy finished cloth back from England. Nonetheless, many people wove cloth in Colonial...
Carpet (15753 bytes)
10: ...pean flatwoven carpets include Venetian, Dutch, [[damask]], list, [[haircloth]], and [[ingrain]] (aka ...
16: ...Jacquard loom]]) in 1812 in France and c. 1825 in England. The addition of steam power in the mid-19th cen...
19: ...ermany in 1804. They became extremely popular in England in the 1830s.
39: ...ld is called the "Pazyryk Carpet,". It is usually dated to the 5th century BC. It was excavated by [[S...
48: ...ppear in paintings (notably from Italy, Flanders, England, France, and the Netherlands). Carpets of Indo-Pe...
Culture (23440 bytes)
6: Many people today use a conception of "culture" that developed in ...
10: ...and [[value]]s; but rather that only a single standard of refinement suffices, against which one can m...
14: Today most social scientists reject the [[monadic]] co...
19: ...[[anthropology|anthropologists]] had adopted and adapted the term ''culture'' to a broader definition ...
21: ...s a supplement to it, as the main means of human adaptation to the world.
Cor anglais (2674 bytes)
9: ...to keep their reeds moist and to prevent moisture damage to their instrument by swabbing it out freque...
15: ...e its name, the instrument is not thought to be [[England|English]] in origin. A common explanation of the ...
Pipe organ (24478 bytes)
1: ... pipes. Many large installations will have a secondary set of pipes in the choir loft, at the opposite...
5: ...[pedalboard]]. Three, four or five manuals plus pedals is not uncommon for a larger instrument.
7: ...nly found in [[church]]es, and in some [[Reform Judaism|reformed synagogues]]. They are also found in ...
11: ...date the text of the heading in any way, please update the link too.-->
31: ...it played. In archaeological excavations near [[Budapest]] in Hungary (the ancient [[Pannonia]]) a Rom...
Sheng (instrument) (1217 bytes)
1: ...x|A Sheng player beside the River Thames, London, England.]]
George Washington (29551 bytes)
6: | date1=[[April 30]], [[1789]]
7: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1797]]
9: | succeeded=[[John Adams]]
10: | date of birth=[[February 22]], [[1732]]
13: | date of death=[[December 14]], [[1799]]
John Hancock (8787 bytes)
5: ...; [[October 8]], [[1793]] [[Gregorian calendar|(N.S.)]]) was President of the [[Contine...
8: ...s uncle's business. Shortly after his return from England, his uncle died and he inherited the fortune and ...
15: ...d, paper and tea. In [[1768]], upon arriving from England, his [[sloop]] ''Liberty'' was impounded by Briti...
17: ... led Bostonians to joke that "[[Samuel Adams|Sam Adams]] writes the letters [to newspapers] and John H...
19: ...ed they could be ready to fight in sixty seconds—and his boycott of [[tea]] imported by the [[Br...
John Adams (18716 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=John Adams
3: | image name=johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1797]]
6: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1801]]
9: | date of birth=[[October 30]], [[1735]]
Thomas Jefferson (31127 bytes)
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1801]]
6: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1809]]
7: | preceded=[[John Adams]]
9: | date of birth=[[April 13]], [[1743]]
12: | date of death=[[July 4]], [[1826]]
James Madison (15187 bytes)
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1809]]
6: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1817]]
9: | date of birth=[[March 16]], [[1751]]
12: | date of death=[[June 28]], [[1836]]
18: ... [[June 28]], [[1836]]) was the fourth ([[1809]]–[[1817]]) [[President of the United States|Pres...
John Quincy Adams (11783 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=John Quincy Adams
5: | date1=[[March 4]], [[1825]]
6: | date2=[[March 4]], [[1829]]
9: | date of birth=[[July 11]], [[1767]]
12: | date of death=[[February 23]], [[1848]]
Martin Van Buren (21629 bytes)
6: ...Term of Office:'''</td><td>[[March 4]], [[1837]]–[[March 4]], [[1841]]</td></tr>
9: <tr><td>'''Date of Birth'''</td><td>[[December 5]], [[1782]]</t...
11: <tr><td>'''Date of Death:'''</td><td>[[July 24]], [[1862]]</td>...
15: (daughter-in-law, widowed)</td></tr>
22: ...Declaration of Independence]], the first of non-[[England|Anglo descent]], and the only whose [[first langu...
Abraham Lincoln (48771 bytes)
13: | [[March 4]], [[1861]] – [[April 15]], [[1865]]
19: | '''Date of birth:''' || [[February 12]], [[1809]]
24: | '''Date of death:''' || [[April 15]], [[1865]]
42: ... '''Great Emancipator''', was the 16th ([[1861]]–[[1865]]) [[President of the United States]], a...
44: ... U.S. forts and other properties within their boundaries. These events soon led to the [[American Civi...
Ulysses S. Grant (23281 bytes)
6: ...erm of Office:'''</td><td>[[March 4]], [[1869]] – [[March 3]], [[1877]]</td></tr>
9: <tr><td>'''Date of Birth'''</td><td>[[April 27]], [[1822]]</td>...
11: <tr><td>'''Date of Death:'''</td><td>[[July 23]], [[1885]]</td>...
17: ;[[Schuyler Colfax]] ([[1869]]–[[1873]])
18: ;[[Henry Wilson]] ([[1873]]–[[1875]])</td></tr>
Prime Meridian (3211 bytes)
2: ...[[Royal Greenwich Observatory]], [[Greenwich]], [[England]]; it is the meridian at which longitude is 0 deg...
10: # All countries would adopt a universal day.
11: ... universal day would be a [[solar time|mean solar day]], beginning at the mean midnight at Greenwich a...
12: # That nautical and astronomical days everywhere would begin at mean midnight.
17: The [[International Date Line]] (the jagged red line down the right side...
Geology (12007 bytes)
1: ...k]] γη- (''ge-'', "the earth") and λογο&sigmaf; (''logos'', "wo...
14: ...cookers, transport of [[ore]]s, extraction of [[soda]], [[sulfur]] and [[alum]], and administrative is...
24: ...ogist)|William Smith]]'s stratigraphic studies on England and Scotland.
26: ...out the Earth's history and are still occurring today. In contrast, [[Catastrophism|catastrophism]] is...
29: ...ianism, which influenced the thought of [[Charles Darwin]].
Australia (39438 bytes)
25: population_density_rank = —|
28: established_dates=From the [[United Kingdom|UK]]: [[1 January...
32: utc_offset=+8–+10|
34: utc_offset_DST=+8–+11|
54: ...glish to use the word "Australia" was [[Alexander Dalrymple]] in his ''An Historical Collection of Voy...
Americas (7154 bytes)
23: ...me ''America'' for the continents of the Americas dates from [[1507]]. It appears on a globe and a la...
25: ...anced [[John Cabot]]'s voyage of discovery from [[England]] to [[Newfoundland]] in [[1497]]. Supposedly, Br...
United States (58223 bytes)
1: The '''United States of America'''—also referred to as the '''United States''', ''...
2: ... as several territorial water boundaries with Canada, [[Russia]] and [[The Bahamas]]. It is otherwise ...
9: ...Many, One") ''[[In God We Trust]]'' ([[1956]]–present) |
36: established_dates = From [[Great Britain]] [[July 4]], [[177...
52: ...riginal 13 states adopted the Constitution as the date on that state "entered the Union" (became part ...
Netherlands (35958 bytes)
15: capital = [[Amsterdam]]. [[The Hague]] is the seat of government |
17: largest_city = [[Amsterdam]] |
32: ...[[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Hinduism]] and [[Judaism]] |
40: established_dates = [[Eighty Years' War|From Spain]] [[May 2...
55: ... [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Australia]], and [[Canada]].
Samoa (9435 bytes)
36: | '''[[Independence]]'''  - Date
57: ...tories of the [[United States]] in [[1904]] and today are known as [[American Samoa]]. The western isl...
74: ... appointed by the chief of state upon the recommendation of the prime minister.
85: Samoa is located east of the international dateline and south of the equator, about halfway bet...
97: ...r Day Saints]], [[Roman Catholic]], and [[Seventh Day Adventists]]. Hardly any other religious group e...
The Gambia (13678 bytes)
25: | [[Serrekunda]]
36: | '''[[Independence]]'''  - Date
40: | [[Dalasi]] (D)
61: ...a, but the French retained a tiny enclave at Albreda on the north bank of the river, which was ceded t...
67: ...Heads_of_State_of_the_Gambia|President]] [[Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara]], who was re-elected five times. ...
Belize (11927 bytes)
61: ...century]] and settlement began with shipwrecked [[England|English]] seamen in [[1638]]. This period also wa...
67: Hurricane Hattie inflicted significant damage upon Belize in [[1961]]. The government decid...
105: ...e to the global slowdown and severe [[hurricane]] damage to agriculture, [[fishing]] and tourism. Majo...
121: ...ay'' on [[13 October]]; ''[[Garifuna]] Settlement Day'' on [[19 November]]; And ''[[Christmas]]'' on ...
145: ...er.com/wg.php?x=1106472001&men=gmap&lng=en&gln=xx&dat=32&geo=-44&srt=npan&col=aohdq Map]
Brazil (12581 bytes)
1: ... [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]] and [[French Guiana]] — every South American nation except for [[Ecuad...
8: ...e isolated from most European ports by Napoleon — and the "elevation" of Brazil to the status of...
10: ...ccession of generals appointed by the military. Today Brazil is a [[democracy]].
22: ...entury, still present on a lesser scale in modern days)
41: ...ges, amongst which the highest peak is the [[Pico da Neblina]] at 3,014 m. Major rivers include the [[...
Jamaica (16893 bytes)
43:  - Date
67: ...bus used it as his family's private estate. The [[England|English]] Admiral [[William_Penn_(admiral)|Willia...
94: ...hools are available for specialty training in Canada, the U.S. and Britain.
148: ...]. Other religions include Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism.
150: ...cially to the [[United States]] but also to [[Canada]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. This emigration app...
Portugal (61755 bytes)
7: ...1974]] and the subsequent entry in the [[EEC]] (today's [[European Union]]) in [[1986]]. Portugal made...
20: ... Consolidation of the Monarchy in Portugal|Consolidation of the kingdom]]'''''
23: ...set up kingdoms, and became assimilated. The [[Vandals]] ([[Silingi]] and [[Hasdingi]]) and the sarmat...
31: ...ing with no male heirs. His only child, a single daughter, married King [[John I of Castile]] who wou...
40: ...s had their own objective, searching for the legendary Christian Kingdom of [[Prester John]].
United Kingdom (37269 bytes)
37: established_dates = 18015|
47: *[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon''
54: ...ions of [[England]], [[Wales]] and [[Scotland]] — are located on the island of [[Great Britain]]...
58: ...ted Kingdom, forming [[Northern Ireland]] to this day.
62: ... customary to refer officially to Scotland and to England and Wales as, respectively, "North Britain" and "...
Marshall Islands (8760 bytes)
53: ...several more centuries, before being visited by [[England|English]] captain [[John Marshall]] in [[1788]]; ...
55: ...and administered them as a [[League of Nations mandate]].
59: ...s, and compensation claims still continue to this day.
Flag of Maine (1460 bytes)
6: ...g consisted of a green pine tree, symbol of [[New England]] in the center, with a blue "North Star", all on...
James Watt (5070 bytes)
3: '''James Watt''' ([[January 19]], [[1736]]–[[August 19]], [[1819]]) was a [[Scotland|Scott...
5: ...land]], and lived and worked in [[Birmingham]], [[England]]. He was a key member of the [[Lunar Society]]. ...
18: * [[1788]]: Adapted [[centrifugal governor]] for use on steam eng...
57: ...6-045-0) [ The second volume covering his time in England until his death in 1819 is due for publication in...
Hourglass (3146 bytes)
12: ...e fact that human existence is fleeting, and in [[England]] hourglasses were sometimes placed in [[coffin]]...
Mummy (16225 bytes)
8: ...preserved mummies formed under natural conditions date from the [[Inca]] period in [[Peru]].
18: The earliest known 'mummified' individual dates back to approximately [[34th century BC|3300 B...
27: A typical mummification took 70 days in which craftsmen raced to finish the tomb.
63: ...uage]] remained in use in the Tarim Basin (Modern day [[Xinjiang]] in [[China]]) until the [[8th centu...
65: ...ied body when they opened a coffin in a graveyard dating back 1,900 years, according to Xinhua news ag...
Football (soccer) (22343 bytes)
11: ...Latin America]], and increasingly in [[Africa]] — football evokes great passions and plays an im...
21: ...ept when it has left the field of play over a boundary line, or play has been stopped by the referee. ...
23: The game is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the [[Laws of foo...
30: ...at the [[public school (UK)|public schools]] of [[England]]. The first set of rules resembling the modern g...
34: ...f FIFA representatives to the IFAB in [[1913]]. Today the board is made up of four representatives fro...
Isis (20790 bytes)
7: ...nt throughout her worship. First mentions of Isis date back to the [[Fifth dynasty of Egypt|5th dynast...
24: ...q]], [[Greece]], [[Rome]], even as far north as [[England]] where the remains of a temple were discovered a...
54: ...ad]] of [[Heliopolis (ancient)|Heliopolis]], as a daughter of [[Nut (goddess)|Nut]] and [[Geb]], and s...
63: ...ide'' contains the most extensive account known today, a myth so significant that everything else pale...
65: ...th of [[Osiris]]' posthumous son, [[Horus]]. Many dangers faced Horus after birth, and Isis fled with ...
Alabama (10792 bytes)
21: LandArea = 81,664 mi?/131,426 |
29: AdmittanceDate = [[December 14]], [[1819]] |
30: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|DST]]-5 |
42: ...[List of U.S. state mottos|State motto]]'''||''We Dare Defend Our Rights''
59: ...laimed by the [[Spain|Spaniards]] as part of Florida. The English also claimed it as part of the prov...
Alaska (24727 bytes)
18: LandArea = 1,481,347 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[January 3]], [[1959]] |
27: ...utian Standard Time Zone|Aleutian]]: [[UTC]]-10/[[Daylight saving time|-9]] (west of 169? 30') |
50: ... U.S. state insects|State insect]]'''||[[Libellulidae|Skimmer Dragonfly]]
66: ...Yukon Territory]] and [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]] to the east, the [[Gulf of Alaska]] and the [[P...
Arkansas (11679 bytes)
16: LandArea = 134,856 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 15]], [[1836]] |
25: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|DST]]-5 |
42: ...her [[Native American]] nations living in present-day Arkansas were [[Caddo]] and [[Osage Nation]].
44: ...ia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Alabama]] and [[Florida]].
North Carolina (18268 bytes)
17: LandArea = 126,256 |
25: AdmittanceDate = [[November 21]], [[1789]] |
26: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
42: ...to be born stateside, was born in North Carolina. Dare County is named for her. The demise of one, the...
44: ...the Carolina territory, which encompassed present-day [[South Carolina]] and [[Tennessee]] as well. In...
Connecticut (28543 bytes)
16: LandArea = 12,559 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[January 9]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ... region, as well as the southernmost state in New England and one of the wealthiest states in the country. ...
43: ...tion, the "[[Fundamental Orders of Connecticut|Fundamental Orders]]", was adopted on [[January 14]], [...
Delaware (15006 bytes)
16: LandArea = 5,068 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 7]], [[1787]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
40: ... post at "Zwaanendael" (or "Swaanendael," present-day Lewes (pronounced "Lewis")) in [[1631]]. The are...
42: ...682, by James, Duke of York (later, [[James II of England]]), and was part of the colony of [[Pennsylvania]...
Florida (24937 bytes)
2: Name = Florida |
3: Fullname = State of Florida |
4: Flag = Florida state flag.png |
5: Flaglink = [[Flag of Florida]] |
6: Seal = Florida state seal.png |
Indiana (20194 bytes)
12: Governor = [[Mitch Daniels]] |
18: LandArea = 92,897 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[December 11]], [[1816]] |
27: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] (extreme northwest ...
47: ...0]]CE up to the conventional end of Mississippian dating ("contact with [[European]]s"). The specific...
Kansas (21369 bytes)
16: LandArea = 81,815 mi²; 211,900 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[January 29]], [[1861]] |
25: ...untain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]] Counties are Cen...
52: ...er Johnson]], [[Maurice Greene]] and [[Lynette Woodard]].
73: ... private continue to have some of the highest standards in the nation. Kansas was first among the sta...
Kentucky (15076 bytes)
16: LandArea = 102,989 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 1]], [[1792]] |
25: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|DST]]-5 (western) |
41: ...se of Constitution Square in [[Danville, Kentucky|Danville]] between [[1784]] and [[1792]]. In [[1790...
43: ...America|Confederate]] forces under General [[Leonidas Polk]] invaded.
Louisiana (26375 bytes)
19: LandArea = 112,927 |
27: AdmittanceDate = [[April 30]], [[1812]] |
28: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
45: ...oday, English is by far the main language of everyday life, but traces of French survive in local dial...
49: ...g mark of the Native Americans can be seen even today in the names used in Louisiana, such as Atchafal...
Maine (17312 bytes)
11: Governor = [[John Baldacci]] |
16: LandArea = 80,005 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[March 15]], [[1820]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ...h moderately warm summers but very few actual hot days.
Maryland (22654 bytes)
16: LandArea = 25,338 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[April 28]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
41: ..., 1st Baron Baltimore]] applied to [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] for a new royal charter for what was ...
45: ...the [[Mason-Dixon line]] which would form the boundary between their two colonies.
Missouri (16086 bytes)
18: LandArea = 68,898 mi²; 178,590 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[August 10]], [[1821]] |
27: ...entral Standard Time Zone|Central]] : [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
84: ...the state are [[beef]], [[soybeans]], [[pork]], [[dairy products]], [[hay]], [[maize|corn]], [[poultry...
103: ...]] (12.7%), [[United States|American]] (10.5%), [[England|English]] (9.5%), [[France|French]] (3.5%).
Wisconsin (18812 bytes)
17: LandArea = 140,787 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[May 29]], [[1848]] |
27: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
40: ...nglish]] version of a [[French language|French]] adaptation of an Indian word. The [[Ojibwe language|O...
51: ...d by 14,000 votes to Democratic presidential candidate [[John Kerry]], both of whom lost the national ...
Washington (20186 bytes)
16: LandArea = 172,587 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[November 11]], [[1889]] |
25: ...Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]: [[UTC]]-8/[[Daylight saving time|-7]] |
45: ... American]]s, each with its own unique culture. Today, they are most notable for their [[totem pole]]s...
57: Washington became the [[List of U.S. states by date of statehood|42nd]] state in the Uni...
Virginia (23198 bytes)
16: LandArea = 102,642 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 25]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
46: ...a, "Virginia" was the name Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] (who was known as the "Virgin Queen" because sh...
48: ...e [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] dated [[July 9]], [[1846]], the area south of the P...
Vermont (39851 bytes)
16: LandArea = 23,974 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[March 4]], [[1791]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ...the east, [[New York]] to the west, and the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Quebec]] to the north.
38: ...ar|Revolutionary War]]. Famous for its scenery, [[dairy]] products and [[maple syrup]], Vermont has lo...
Utah (29154 bytes)
18: LandArea = 212,751 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[January 4]], [[1896]] |
27: ...untain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]] |
59: Dance = N/A |
76: ... center of the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS or [[Mormon]] Church), of which ap...
Tennessee (19096 bytes)
16: LandArea = 106,846 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 1]], [[1796]] |
25: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] (central and wester...
39: ...]] town named [[Tanasi]] (or "Tanase") in present-day [[Monroe County, Tennessee]]. The town was locat...
50: ...he [[Mississippi River]], Tennessee's western boundary. Tennessee was the last Confederate state to se...
South Carolina (11968 bytes)
16: LandArea = 78,051 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[May 23]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
37: ...n]]. The state is named after King [[Charles I of England]]. As of [[2004]], the state's population is 4,1...
73: ...n]] (13.9%), [[German-American|German]] (8.4%), [[England|English]] (8.4%), [[Ireland|Irish]] (7.9%).
Rhode Island (15004 bytes)
16: LandArea = 2,709 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[May 29]], [[1790]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
37: ...") Island is part of the [[New England (U.S.)|New England]] region, and was one of the [[13 colonies|thirte...
42: ...ice, once from the [[British Monarchs|King]] of [[England]], and once from the [[Native American]] tribes w...
Pennsylvania (32594 bytes)
16: LandArea = 116,074 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 12]] [[1787]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
38: ...ing "Penn's woodlands", in honor of his father. Today, two major cities dominate the state - [[Philade...
46: ...[USS Pennsylvania (BB-38)|USS ''Pennsylvania'']], damaged at [[Pearl Harbor]], was named in honor of t...
Oregon (26551 bytes)
16: LandArea = 248,849 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[February 14]], [[1859]] |
25: ...untain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]] (all but majority o...
36: ...regions in the world. Oregon is known for its abundant rainfall, but only the western 2/5 of the state...
41: ... living, [[conservation]], and [[urban growth boundary|limited growth]].''
Oklahoma (32092 bytes)
18: LandArea = 178,023 |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[November 16]], [[1907]] |
27: ...untain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]] (town of [[Kenton, ...
111: ...ita]]) [[Quapaw]], [[Caddo]] and [[Osage]]. Descendants of these peoples still live in the state.
141: ...tial treatment to ex-slaves in land disputes. The Dawes Act excluded the Five Civilized Tribes.
West Virginia (24258 bytes)
16: LandArea = 62,436 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 20]], [[1863]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
40: ...BASE jumping]] [http://www.wvbridgeday.com/bridge-day-BASE-jumping.php] from the bridge), as well as m...
46: ... Under the United States constitution, state boundaries could not be redrawn without the consent of t...
Nevada (17565 bytes)
2: Name = Nevada |
3: Fullname = State of Nevada |
4: Flag = Nevada state flag.png |
5: Flaglink = [[Flag of Nevada]] |
6: Seal = Nevada state seal.png |
New Hampshire (23166 bytes)
16: LandArea = 23,249 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[June 21]], [[1788]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
36: ... of [[Massachusetts]], south of [[Quebec]], [[Canada]], and west of [[Maine]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean...
51: ...ound Railroad]] in providing safe routes into Canada, primarily via the [[Connecticut River]] waterway...
New Jersey (35646 bytes)
16: LandArea = 19,231 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 18]], [[1787]] |
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
39: ...w York State]] and had its capital at [[New Amsterdam]], now known as [[New York City]]. Some of south...
41: ...England|King James II]]) the region between [[New England]] and [[Maryland]] as a proprietary colony (as op...
Country (4192 bytes)
3: ...ed states follow to some degree international standards in terms of the creation of official [[nationa...
5: ...nation]] is dominant. Other states, such as [[Canada]], the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Spain]] ...
7: ...n of China, is similarly called a country in everyday speech. Ireland is also sometimes called a count...
16: ...ated by about 500 miles (800 kilometers) of [[Canada|Canadian]] territory from the [[Continental Unite...
29: ... of countries and corresponding international standard codes
Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
3: ...o a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded version of the ...
18: * 8700 BC: [[Metalworking]] ([[copper]] pendant in [[Iraq]])
34: ...00s BC]]: [[Sweet Track|Engineered roadway]] in [[England]]
133: * [[1714]]: [[Mercury thermometer]]: [[Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit]]
145: ...]: [[Submarine]] [[Turtle (submarine)|Turtle]]: [[David Bushnell]]
Spinning Jenny (3557 bytes)
2: ...ear Blackburn, in Lancashire in the north west of England. The device dramatically reduced the amount of wo...
6: ...old about the invention of the device is that his daughter, Jenny, knocked over one of their own spinn...
Pope Paschal II (3427 bytes)
1: ...], [[1099]] until his death, was a native of [[Bieda]], near [[Viterbo]], and a monk of the [[Cluny|Cl...
3: ...ived of the empire and kingdom of Italy since the days of [[Charlemagne]], while Henry on his side sho...
5: ...l at the beginning of 1118, but died within a few days on January 21, 1118.
9: ...ssor=[[Pope Gelasius II|Gelasius II]]|Dates=1099–1118}}
Alexander the Great (42049 bytes)
4: ...nic|Μέγα&sigmaf; Ἀλέξανδρο&sigma...
6: ... tradition in which he appears as a towering legendary [[hero]] in the tradition of [[Achilles]].
13: ===The ascendance of Macedon===
14: ...as]] for his father's murder, stating that it was Darius who had been bragging to the rest of the Gree...
23: ...xander left Caria in the hands of [[Ada of Caria|Ada]], the sister of Mausolus, whom [[Orontobates]] h...
Dinosaur (35313 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
7: ...obox_authority | author = [[Richard Owen|Owen]] | date = [[1842]]}}
12:    [[Theropoda]] 
20: ...the link between dinosaurs and their living descendants, the 9,000+ [[species]] of modern [[bird]]s [h...
27: ...out of fear or trepidation at their size and formidable arsenal.
Pilgrims (4873 bytes)
3: ...t their home in [[Scrooby]] and sailed to [[Amsterdam]] to escape religious persecution at the hands o...
8: ...ment saw as seditious books and sending them into England. The English put diplomatic pressure on the Dutch...
10: ...tentions continued into the reign of [[James I of England]], if only in the minds of the English, as a cond...
12: ...[Mayflower]]''. After stopping at [[Plymouth]], [[England]] they departed on [[September 6]], [[1620]], wit...
15: ...]] after 65 days at sea and anchored near present-day [[Provincetown, Massachusetts|Provincetown]] on ...
Mayflower (4074 bytes)
2: ...rted the [[Pilgrim Fathers]] from [[Plymouth]], [[England]] to "[[Virginia|North Virginia]]" (in what was l...
6: ...ower'' was used as a cargo ship trading between [[England]] and other European countries, principally [[Fra...
11: ...ather, the Mayflower arrived at Cape Cod after 65 days at sea.
17: ...lony]] in [[Massachusetts]] on a return trip to [[England]], arriving back on [[May 6]], [[1621]].
21: ...rt at http://www.familyforest.com/Mayflower_Descendants.html
Salem witch trials (12402 bytes)
4: In [[1692]], in [[Salem Village]] (now [[Danvers, Massachusetts]]), a number of young girls, ...
9: ...rend [[Samuel Parris]], began to act peculiarly — speaking oddly, hiding under things and creepi...
13: ... accusations followed: Dorcas Good (four-year-old daughter of Sarah Good), [[Rebecca Nurse]] (a bedrid...
17: ...owly crushed by piling stones on him; after three days of excruciating pain, Corey died without enteri...
22: ...innocent-until-proven-guilty judicial system of today.[[#Note|1]]
Thirteen Colonies (4707 bytes)
6: ... The colonies of [[East Florida]] and [[West Florida]] also remained loyal during the American Revolut...
12: * [[New England]]:
29: ...ate in 1791. Today it is considered part of [[New England]].
35: * [[Nova Scotia]] (including present day [[New Brunswick]])
37: ...ly ''άe Saint-Jean'' or [[St. John's Island (Canada)|St. John's Island]]
Plymouth Colony (2283 bytes)
1: ... an agreement with the [[Plymouth Council for New England]] which had been granted a charter for the land i...
Roaring Twenties (28131 bytes)
1: ..., and ending with the sad note of the [[Black Tuesday]], [[harbinger]] of [[The Great Depression|the G...
3: ...s termed "The Golden Twenties". In France and Canada they were also called the "Crazy Years" (''ann饳...
5: ...n and lightness were cultivated in [[jazz]] and [[dancing]], in defiance of the horrors of the First W...
11: ...er]]s returned to the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] with money in their pockets and a great many ne...
17: ...] had sold 15 million [[Model T]]. In all of Canada, there were only about 300,000 vehicles registere...
Women's suffrage (11832 bytes)
33: ...abeth Cady Stanton]] and [[Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis]]. At about the same time, in 1840, [[Lydia M...
43: ...ould ratify the action of Congress. Within a few days [[Illinois]], [[Wisconsin]] and [[Michigan]], t...
45: ... [[Alabama Constitution]], for instance, still mandates that only "male citizen[s] of this state" may ...
59: *[[Emily Davison]] (UK)
62: *[[Henrietta Dugsdale]] (Australia)
History of the United States (21226 bytes)
30: ...d markets for their agricultural exports. The New England Federalists opposed the war, and their reputation...
34: ...n, president at the time, in favor of his own agenda.
38: ...go]] in 1848 ceded Texas (with the Rio Grande boundary), California, and New Mexico to the United Stat...
43: ...and pro slave sentiments that still exist to this day.
47: The next four years were the darkest in American history, as the nation tore itse...
St. Peter's Basilica (17805 bytes)
1: ...e Basilica of Saint Peter, portrayed by Viviano Codazzi in a 1630 painting, is the largest church in C...
17: ...1585]] by order of [[Pope Sixtus V]]. The obelisk dates back to the [[13th century BC]] in [[Egypt]], ...
20: ...ontana, who was probably the best engineer of the day. Fontana built the lantern the following year, a...
29: ...lly operated since [[1931]], with its oldest bell dating to [[1288]].
43: MCMLXXXIII – MCMLXXIV
Comet (30542 bytes)
9: ... tail, pointed in slightly different directions — dust being left behind in the comet's orbit (s...
11: ...try]], which records the [[Norman conquest]] of [[England]] in [[1066]].{{hnote|Reading Museum, scene 1}}
15: ...like [[tar]] or crude [[Petroleum|oil]]. The very darkness of cometary surfaces allows them to absorb ...
29: ...0," the "Great September Comet of 1882," and the "Daylight Comet of 1910." After [[Edmund Halley]] de...
31: ...0 comets and is conducting a contest to guess the date of its 1000th comet discovery.{{hnote|SOHO (200...
List of themed timelines (11300 bytes)
104: * [[Timeline of the Protestant Reformation in England]]
119: * Canada
127: * England
128: ** [[History of England]]
237: * [[Timeline of Governmental Accounting Standards - US]]
Art (11479 bytes)
3: ... as painting, sculpture, music, literature, film, dance, and more.
5: ...o refer to visual art, literature, music, dance — the ''[[fine arts]]''. However, such distincti...
11: ...art]] is created by all from about the first birthday.
74: ... be, 'my five-year old could have painted that' — implying that the work is somehow less worthy ...
80: ...res both human emotions and ways to arouse them — and ''good'' art brings something new and orig...
List of reference tables (55289 bytes)
7: ... from [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/pagedata.html#sort_table here] (control-click the "sort ...
54: == [[Standard]]s ==
55: *[[List of standards topics]] (these could easily be cross-referenc...
56: *International Standards
57: **[[List of ISO standards]]
Plain (710 bytes)
10: * [[Mazandaran Plain]], Iran
12: * [[Salisbury Plain]], [[England]]
History of science (41710 bytes)
4: ...nowledge]]. This change is considered to be so fundamental that older inquiries are known as ''pre-sci...
11: ...dge, and to de-emphasize the view that scientific data is self-evident, value-free, and context-free.
40: ... long period that followed is also known as the [[Dark Ages]]. While the [[Byzantine Empire]] still he...
43: ...[Image:Vitruvian.jpg|right|thumb|140px|[[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s [[Vitruvian Man]], an example of the bl...
46: ...vitalization of Europe. This provided a solid foundation for all future scientific work. Contact with ...
Anemometer (11426 bytes)
7: ...of a wind vane; on the other hand it is not well adapted to leaving a record on paper of the actual ve...
13: ...d while the ordinary pressure plate is admirably adapted for measuring the force of a steady and unifo...
15: ... of these plates are erected on the west coast of England, where in the winter fierce gales often occur; a ...
29: ... turbine (windmill) can be logged together in a [[data logger]].
Albania (24647 bytes)
45: | '''[[National Day]]''' || [[28 November]]
49: ...k (currency)|Lek (Lk)]] = 100 [[qindarka]] ("cents")
66: ...o gave the name [[Albion]], the ancient name of [[England]].
72: ...ient Albanian writers such as Budi, Blanco and Bogdano. We first learn of Albanians in their native la...
85: ...uthern Macedonia and the southern part of present-day Albania. This process was completed over the [[s...
Claude Monet (4533 bytes)
2: ...scar-Claude Monet''' ([[November 14]], [[1840]] – [[December 5]], [[1926]]) was a French [[impre...
6: ...2]]), but upon his contracting typhoid his aunt Madame Lecadre intervened to get him out of the army i...
12: ...([[1870]] – [[1871]]), Monet took refuge in England to avoid the conflict. There he studied the works...
17: ...another son, Michel, on [[March 17]], [[1878]]. Madame Monet died of tuberculosis in [[1879]].
21: ...rent points of view and at different times of the day. Twenty views of the cathedral were exhibited at...
Crusade (28507 bytes)
2: ...gns — usually sanctioned by the [[Papacy]]— that took place during the [[11th century|11th...
9: ... Spanish Catholics are allowed to substitute [[Friday abstinence]] with prayer or alms (except during ...
18: ...a of a holy war emerged from this background.'' — [[Norman F. Cantor]]
51: ...of the Crusader states with a foolish attack on [[Damascus]]. In [[1149]], both leaders had returned t...
56: ... leaders: [[Philip II of France]], [[Richard I of England]] and [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]]. Freder...
Medieval music (31843 bytes)
17: ...e treatise which defined and most completely elucidated the [[rhythmic modes]], a notational system fo...
21: ...Johannes Gallicus), [[Anonymous IV]], [[Marchetto da Padova]] (Marchettus of Padua), [[Jacques of Li&e...
27: ...ian chant]], named after St. Ambrose, was the standard. Celtic chant was used in Ireland.
29: ...ope, and Paris was the political center. The standardization effort consisted mainly of combining the...
32: ...ificate of Gregory the Great himself (c. [[590]]–[[604]]). Many of them were probably written i...
Medieval fortification (8517 bytes)
9: ...ve Burghs|Five Boroughs]] of the [[Danelaw]] in [[England]].
62: ...were pointed on the front so that attackers would damage their weapons ([[sword]]s, [[axe]]s, etc.) wh...
68: ...n seen in old city centers of Europe even to this day, as broader streets often outline where the old ...
Castle (27805 bytes)
2: ...astle" designations, relics of the [[feudalism|feudal]] age, often remained attached to the dwelling, ...
4: ...y of Japan|Japanese history]], where the feudal [[Daimyo]] inhabited them.
17: ... example, Norman lords constructed castles across England to impress, control and conquer. During the [[Inv...
26: ...as lower grade housing within the walls to accommodate some of the key population of the local area, s...
30: ...structures and many survive through to the modern day; they are now mostly considered monuments.
Aviation history (39698 bytes)
1: ...n-IcarusandDaedalus.jpg|right|thumb|Icarus and Daedalus]]
3: ...Daedalus]] and [[Icarus (mythology)|Icarus]]. Daedalus was trapped on the island of Minos, and so bui...
5: ...airplanes were made of [[canvas]] and [[wood]]. Today airplanes are made of [[aluminium]], and increas...
9: ...mage:Ornithopter_leonardo1.jpg|thumb|left|200 px| da Vinci's Ornithopter body ]]
11: ...mage:Ornithopter_leonardo2.jpg|thumb|left|200 px| da Vinci's Ornithopter wings ]]
List of inventors (14020 bytes)
13: *[[William George Armstrong]] — [[hydraulic crane]], Armstrong breech-loading ...
14: ...e [[Canada|Canadian]] Department of Agriculture — instant mashed potato flakes
18: *[[Charles Babbage]], (1791-1871), [[England]] — [[Analytical engine]]
20: ...d]] (1863) - (1944), [[Belgian]]–American — [[plastic]]
21: ...h Baer]] - [[Germany|German]] born [[American]] — [[computer game]]
Thomas Edison (20653 bytes)
3: ...homas Alva Edison''' ([[February 11]], [[1847]] – [[October 18]], [[1931]]) was an [[United Stat...
7: ...homas Edison bought a house in [[Fort Myers, Florida]] (Seminole Lodge) as a winter retreat. [[Henry F...
10: ...anged. He and his family fled to Nova Scotia, Canada, settling on land the British government gave tho...
12: John Edison had remained loyal to [[England]] in the 1700's. Ironically, in the 1800's, his ...
16: ...ing. His mother had been a school teacher in Canada and happily took over the job of schooling her so...
American Revolution (17069 bytes)
2: ...effected before the War commenced," wrote [[John Adams]]. "The Revolution was in the minds and hearts ...
4: ... time of the [[French and Indian War]] ([[1754]]–[[1763]]), and ended with the election of [[Geo...
10: ...rmer Indian allies—[[Pontiac's Rebellion]]—had, if not conquered, at least pacified the we...
16: ...became the analysis of men like [[Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu|Montesquieu]]. The [[Deism...
19: ... swept through all the British colonies, from New England to the Carolinas, as a common experience.
Geography of the United States (15104 bytes)
27: [[Canada]]:
59: The U.S. shares borders with [[Canada]] and [[Mexico]],
61: ...more south). At the eastern half the northern boundary is more south, except for [[Lake of the Woods]]...
65: ...'s third largest country after [[Russia]] and Canada with an area roughly:
66: *slightly smaller than [[Canada]]
Cereal (6537 bytes)
35: ...ll.jpg|thumb|220px|A wheat field in [[Dorset]], [[England]].]]
46: Cool-season cereals are well-adapted to temperate climates. Most varieties of a pa...
58: ... elevator]], a large storage facility that consolidates the crops of many farmers. The farmer may sell...
Isaac Newton (23339 bytes)
2: ...sh; [[31 March]] [[1727]] by the [[Gregorian calendar]]) was an [[English (people)|English]] [[physici...
19: ...eventually became engaged to the apothecary's stepdaughter, Anne Storey, before he went off to [[Cambr...
25: ..., to illustrate how he drew inspiration from everyday events.
31: ...ormal ordination requirement, and [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], whose permission was needed, accept...
38: ... at its rear side, dispassionately noting "white, darke & coloured circles" so long as he kept stirrin...
India (27950 bytes)
21: ...[[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[France|French]], and [[England|English]], who were initially interested in trade...
46: ...]] and with several mostly-regional parties. The NDA, led by the BJP, currently forms the main opposit...
53: ... two scientific bases in [[Antarctica]] – [[Dakshin Gangotri]] and [[Maitri]], but has made no t...
61: ...]]), the [[Brahmaputra]], the [[Yamuna]], the [[Godavari]], and the [[Krishna River|Krishna]]. The riv...
79: ...ion within the highly diverse Indian population today. Its biggest [[metropolitan]] agglomerations are...
Francis Bacon (16741 bytes)
2: ... [[1561]] – [[April 9]], [[1626]]) was an [[England|English]] [[philosopher]], [[statesman]], [[spy]]...
8: ...mber of the Reformed or [[Puritan]] Church, and a daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, whose sister married ...
18: ...r in February 1579 necessitated Bacon's return to England, and seriously influenced his fortunes. Sir Nicho...
25: ...]ship fell vacant in 1594 and Bacon became a candidate for the office, Lord Essex's influence could no...
31: ...ment session Bacon married [[Alice Barnham]], the daughter of a London merchant. Little or nothing is ...
List of Renaissance figures (6600 bytes)
25: **[[Elizabeth I of England]]
31: **[[Henry VIII of England]]
55: * [[Tomás de Torquemada]]
68: * [[Baldassare Castiglione]]
70: * [[Erasmus of Rotterdam | Erasmus]]
Timeline of United States pre-history (before 1600) (1679 bytes)
9: ...he North American mainland, which he claims for [[England]]
14: *[[1513]]-[[Juan Ponce de Le󮝝 claims [[Florida]] for Spain
18: ...g for [[France]], explores coastline from present-day [[North Carolina]] to [[Maine]]
American Civil War (47733 bytes)
10: |Date||[[1861]]–[[1865]]
22: ...'[[Flag of the United States|USA flag]] [[1861]]–[[1863]]. 34 stars, after the admission of [[Ka...
24: ''[[1863]]–[[1864]]. 35 stars, after the admission of [[W...
26: ...;[[1865]]. 36 stars, after the admission of [[Nevada]].'' 
37: |[[Jefferson Davis]]
World War I (62979 bytes)
1: ... 1917, in the vicinity of the [[Battle of Passchendaele]]. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wo...
2: ...henzollern]]s, who had roots of power back to the days of the [[Crusade]]s, all fell during or after t...
8: ...ree-decade long war spanning the period [[1914]]–[[1945]]. Other scholars view World War I as on...
19: ...tem, which bears a striking resemblence to modern-day and Cold War nuclear preparedness strategies, st...
22: ...serving their power. It did not solve the more fundamental problems of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Wi...
Timeline of United States pre-history (1600-1699) (5684 bytes)
12: ...udson]], hired by the Dutch, explores the present-day [[Hudson River]]
22: ...er]]''. They found [[Plymouth Colony]] in present-day [[Massachusetts]]; [[Mayflower Compact]] signed
23: ...ed by the [[Dutch West India Company]] in present-day [[New York]] state
24: ...[[New Amsterdam]] founded by the Dutch in present-day [[New York City]]
37: *[[1639]]-[[Fundamental Agreement of the New Haven Colony]] signed
Timeline of United States history (1790-1819) (6951 bytes)
22: *[[1797]] - [[John Adams]] (Federalist) inaugurated, Jefferson (Republic...
35: ...S 137 1803 allows [[U.S. Supreme Court]] to invalidate law passed by [[Congress]] for first time, the ...
57: ...810 marks first time [[U.S. Supreme Court]] invalidates state legislative act
61: *[[1812]] - [[Daniel Webster]] elected to [[Congress]]
66: *[[1814]] - [[Hartford Convention]]; [[New England]] proposes [[secession]].
History of the United States (1776-1789) (19792 bytes)
9: ...ee of five, which included, among others, [[John Adams]] and [[Benjamin Franklin]], but the style of t...
21: ...icularly their rights of self-government, were in danger. The colonial elite had inherited a decidedly...
23: ...included 12 of the colonies, but not British Florida or the then-tiny Georgia at the south or Newfound...
27: ...lifax, Nova Scotia]], precluded what became [[Canada]] from joining the 13 "American" States. The Ame...
31: ...planning resulted in the army descending from Canada, commanded by General [[John Burgoyne|Burgoyne]],...
History of the United States (1865-1918) (52094 bytes)
2: ...ustry expanded rapidly throughout the era; by the dawn of the 20th century, it was the dominant econom...
21: ...7 1896 went even further, providing that state-mandated segregation was legal as long as it provided f...
30: ...rrivals on the Plains--previously they had been sedate farmers in the Great Lakes region. Once they l...
32: ...1876 the last serious Sioux war erupted, when the Dakota gold rush penetrated the Black Hills. The Arm...
34: ...rn Sioux reservation at [[Wounded Knee]], [[South Dakota]], led to an uprising that saw the Sioux atta...
History of the United States (1918-1945) (54688 bytes)
16: ... levels, which in retrospect after the crash were dangerously inflated.
18: ...musical noise by much of the older generation). [[Dancing]] was a popular recreation.
34: ...dministration was rocked by the [[Teapot Dome scandal]]. It looked like the President himself might be...
36: Coolidge was a taciturn, personally honest [[New England]]er who generally saw his role as to stay out of ...
42: ... compromise—the [[Gold Exchange Standard]]—that lacked the stability to rebuild world trad...
New Year (5703 bytes)
2: ...ext. Cultures that measure yearly [[calendar|calendars]] all have '''New Year''' celebrations.
7: ...ntries]]. (For more information, see [[New Year's Day]])
9: ...etween the Hebrew Calendar and the Gregorian Calendar will force Rosh Hashanah to be not earlier than ...
11: ...ars. It is perhaps the most important Chinese holiday. The Chinese New Year is generally celebrated wi...
13: *In the [[Bah᧭ calendar]], the new year occurs on the vernal equinox on ...
Ohio (19444 bytes)
16: LandArea = 106,154 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[March 1]], [[1803]], declared retroactivel...
25: ...Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] |
48: ...erritory to the approximately the size of present-day Ohio plus the eastern half of [[Michigan]]'s low...
50: ...hat officially declared [[March 1]], [[1803]] the date of Ohio's admittance into the Union.
Mississippi (15114 bytes)
16: LandArea = 121,606 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 10]], [[1817]] |
25: ...Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
40: ...ssippi River]], which flows along the western boundary. The name itself probably comes from [[Native A...
52: ... killing 248 people and causing US$1.5 billion in damage (1969 dollars).
Michigan (29427 bytes)
16: LandArea = 147,255 |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[January 26]], [[1837]] |
25: TimeZone = Eastern: [[UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]] (Some Upper Pen...
42: ... recognition of the state languished due to a boundary dispute with Ohio, with both sides claiming a 4...
79: ... to prospector [[Philo Everett]] near the present-day city of [[Negaunee, Michigan|Negaunee]].
Thunderstorm (7337 bytes)
2: ...zed by the presence of [[lightning]] and its attendant [[thunder]]. It is often accompanied by copiou...
11: ...fter becoming strong enough to produce lightning. Days with suitable weather conditions often see the ...
15: ...updraft (a "[[mesocyclone]]"). These are the most damaging type of thunderstorm, and 30% produce [[tor...
19: ...tures (such as [[mountain]] ranges) or linear boundaries (such as warm or cold fronts) may create ''li...
27: ...g|thumb|280px|An anvil thundercloud over Bristol, England.]]
Supercell (1455 bytes)
2: ...the side, it would be seen to be almost circular—up, across and over, then down), and have a str...
4: ...lume of air to feed off, and can last many hours—they are steady-state storms. Due to the rotati...
6: Supercells can be any size—large or small, low or high-topped. Usually th...
8: ... so identified was the [[Wokingham]] storm over [[England]] which was studied by [[Keith Browning]] and [[F...
Tornado (14220 bytes)
8: ...the tail end of [[mesocyclone]]s. On [[weather radar]] screens, a characteristic "[[hook echo]]" mark...
14: Tornado damage to man-made structures is the result of high ...
21: ...http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wspouts.htm USA Today article on waterspouts]
25: ...Florida]], although most of the tornadoes in Florida are either '''F0''', '''F1''', or [[waterspouts]]...
27: ...s]] in [[damage]]. The last killer tornado in Canada struck [[Pine Lake, Alberta|Pine Lake]], [[Albert...
Autumn (2686 bytes)
1: ...urs at [[Westonbirt Arboretum]], Gloucestershire, England.]]
5: ...to these definitions is found in the [[Irish Calendar]] which still follows the Celtic cycle, where Au...
11: The [[New England]] region of the United States is famous around th...
13: ...[[Algonquin Provincial Park]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]].
January (2450 bytes)
1: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
2: ...of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 [[day]]s.
8: ...ted in the addition of one day thus equalling 355 days. Although [[March]] was originally the first mo...
10: ...e first day of the month is known as [[New Year's Day]].
12: ... ''[[Hatsuyume]]'' (初夢) and the 7th day as ''[[Nanakusa]]'' (七草). In [[Fin...
John Locke (14749 bytes)
3: ...led the [[British Empiricists]], which includes [[David Hume]] and [[George Berkeley]]. Locke is perha...
6: ...[[Somerset]], about ten miles from [[Bristol]], [[England]], in [[1632]]. His father, a lawyer, served as ...
16: ...n the [[Rye House Plot]]. Locke did not return to England until after the [[Glorious Revolution]]. The bul...
18: ...Union]] of [[1707]], though the office of King of England and King of Scotland had been held by the same pe...
22: ...ays express ideas that match those of the present day.
Uranus (15207 bytes)
172: ...II's Neptune'' and ''Great-Britain's Neptune''. [[Daniel Bernoulli|Bernoulli]], from [[Berlin]], sugge...
179: ... be seen with the naked eye as a faint star under dark sky conditions. It can be easily found with bin...
205: ...as a faint [[planetary ring]] system, composed of dark particulate matter up to 10 metres in diameter....
212: ...he five main satellites are [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]], [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]], [[Umbriel (moon)|Umbri...
214: For a timeline of discovery dates, see [[Timeline of natural satellites]].
Neptune (planet) (18545 bytes)
9: | [[Urbain Le Verrier]] [[John Couch Adams]] [[Johann Gottfried Galle|Johann Galle]]
148: ...enomena. The [[Great Dark Spot]], an Earth-sized dark marking resembling the [[Great Red Spot]] of Ju...
152: ...cause it had ''just'' turned retrograde that very day; because it was stationary in the sky and only b...
154: ...rge Airy]], who asked Adams for a clarification; Adams began to draft a reply but never sent it.
156: ...[1846]], [[Urbain Le Verrier]], independently of Adams, produced his own calculations but also experie...
Pluto (planet) (26470 bytes)
124: ...1930]]. The planet was later found on photographs dating back to [[March 19]], [[1915]]. Tombaugh was ...
126: ...ules]]'', ''[[Icarus (mythology)|Icarus]]'', ''[[Idana]]'', ''[[Odin]]'', ''[[Pax (mythology)|Pax]]'',...
128: ...anet in the [[Times]] newspaper. He asked his grandaughter what she thought would be good name for it....
136: ...s diameter is now known since telescopes using [[adaptive optics]] can resolve its disk.
153: ... among planets in that they are [[Tidal locking|tidally locked]] to each other. This means that Charon...
Colonial America (32872 bytes)
2: ...ylvania|Pennsylvania]], the [[Puritans]] of [[New England]], the gold-hungry settlers of [[Jamestown, Virgi...
4: ...Colonies]]. Some historians add a fifth region – the [[frontier]] had certain unifying features...
15: ===England===
16: ...on of [[British Monarchs|Queen]] [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]]. At this time, however, there was no ...
22: ...had apparently disappeared in the middle of their daily tasks.
January 17 (12233 bytes)
1: ...year in the [[Gregorian Calendar]]. There are 348 days remaining (349 in [[leap year]]s).
3: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
6: ...]], breaking off negotiations with [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] and thereby setting the scene fo...
9: ...]] - Continental troops under Brigadier General [[Daniel Morgan]] defeat British forces under Lieutena...
13: ...h]] army at the [[Battle of Abu Klea]] in the [[Sudan]].
January 1 (18244 bytes)
1: ... holiday when gifts were exchanged. There are 364 days remaining (365 in [[leap year]]s).
3: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
6: *[[45 BC]] - The [[Julian calendar]] first takes effect.
8: *[[990]] - Russia adopts the Julian calendar.
10: ...0]] - [[Scotland]] begins using the [[Julian calendar]].
January 2 (10888 bytes)
1: ...ear in the [[Gregorian Calendar]]. There are 363 days remaining (364 in [[leap year]]s).
3: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
8: *[[1492]] - [[Reconquista]]: [[Granada]], the last [[Moors|Moorish]] stronghold in [[Spa...
19: ...cket]] on the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] against [[England]].
20: ...kefeller]] unites his oil holdings into the [[Standard Oil]] [[trust]].
Anthropology (23191 bytes)
20: ...ed national industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. They are dislodged by new in...
22: ...se are the conditions of life with which people today must contend, but they have their origins in pro...
30: ...– from other species), and as a particular adaptation to local conditions that takes the form of...
35: ...tinue to be popular targets for anthropologists today.
44: ...ew' and an approach to field work that became standard in the field.
Clock (10086 bytes)
2: ...ct system of time measurement (''ed.'' see [[calendar]] for other measurements).
14: ..., event initiation or just to display the time of day.
43: ...s Cathedral]] installed a ‘horologe’—the word still used in French for large clocks....
47: ...ivided into four equal parts making the clocks readable to the nearest 15 minutes.
49: ...Westminster|Houses of Parliament]], [[London]], [[England]]. The 5 foot 4 inch (1.63 m) person "holding on...
Okapi (2836 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Artiodactyla]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Giraffidae]]}}
12: ... = Okapia johnstoni | author = [[P.L. Sclater]] | date = [[1901]]}}
15: ...one of the two remaining species of family Giraffidae, the second being the [[Giraffe]]. It is native ...
DNA (29095 bytes)
14: ...ld you don't master ''only'' contained scientific data -- that would be frustrating, wouldn't it?
35: ...e a sample of DNA for inclusion in a computerized database. This has helped investigators solve old c...
143: ...ich biologists view as an [[adaptation (biology)|adaptation]].
149: ...y would otherwise. As a result, such species may adapt more rapidly to avoid extinction. The result wo...
153: ...only accepted after the structure of DNA was elucidated by Watson and Crick, which they published in [...
Morse code (33777 bytes)
2: ...king it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels.
6: # longer mark, dash or 'dah' (-)
7: # intra-character gap (between the dots and dashes within a character)
11: ...e length of the Morse characters made it hard to adapt to automated communication, so it was largely r...
13: ...rmany and eventually adopted as the worldwide standard as "International Morse". Morse's original code...
History of California (38344 bytes)
1: {{dablink|This article covers the History of Californi...
3: Although the present-day State of [[California]] has been occupied for mi...
11: ...re among the traces of a very early inhabitation, dated to the last [[ice age]] ([[Wisconsin glaciatio...
13: ...s. Tribes in the [[Sierra Nevada (US)|Sierra Nevada]] foothills collected [[acorn]]s from [[oak]] tre...
36: ...irst European to explore the coast of the present day State of California was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo...
Christianity (47078 bytes)
6: ...tian Love]]). Most Christians ( not all see [[Jonadabs]] ) believe Jesus to be the [[Son of God]] and ...
14: ...d was buried, only to be resurrected on the third day to then rise to Heaven and "sitteth at the right...
23: ...g of the Jews" by [[Pontius Pilate]] (John 19:19–22; see Luke 16:8) on the [[INRI|''titulus cruc...
27: ...sh;15; [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] 14:65; Luke 23:63–64), whipping (Isa. 53:5; John 19:1; Matt. 27:2...
29: ... the Just|James Adelphos]], Mark, Luke, [[Mary Magdalene]], etc) who also followed Jesus in his travel...
Flood (7770 bytes)
7: ...The control of annual flooding, by dikes and by [[dam]]s, also prevents the deposition of silt on the ...
16: ...slip on continental shelf'') may all engender a tidal wave called a [[tsunami]] that causes destructio...
22: ...lta Works]] with the [[Oosterschelde|Oosterscheldedam]] as its crowning achievement.
24: ...ation density, such as [[Holland]] and parts of [[England]], planning laws have been used to prevent buildi...
33: ...s a great flood caused by the breaking of the ice dams holding [[Lake Agassiz]].
Presidents' Day (4386 bytes)
1: ==Presidents' Day: Honoring America's Leaders==
3: ...n, the first President of the United States, this day has evolved to encompass recognition for all U.S...
7: ...liday was colloquially referred to as Presidents' Day.
11: ... every year on the third Monday in February. This day is a chance for many people to take a break from...
15: Presidents' Day serves as a tribute to the leadership, vision, a...
Independence Day (United States) (6238 bytes)
2: ...hocolate"><center>'''Independence Day'''</center></td></tr>
12: [[Memorial Day]], [[Veterans Day]], [[Flag Day]]</td></tr></table>
15: ...lled the '''Fourth of July''', is a [[federal holiday]] celebrating the adoption of the [[United State...
17: ...Home Fireworks in the United States (Independence Day)|Fireworks]] have been associated with the Fourt...
23: ...laim the date itself is somewhat arbitrary. [[New England]]ers had been fighting Britain since [[April]] [[...
Garlic (12167 bytes)
3: ...rongly evident in the diner's sweat the following day. The well-known phenomenon of "garlic breath" ca...
16: ...water; in a hot climate it may need to be watered daily. If the shoots look dry then it is a sign that...
18: ... colour and die back. Dig up with a fork to avoid damaging the bulbs.
32: ...arlic that meets commonly accepted scientific standards.
43: ...s it as the "rustic's theriac" (cure-all) (see F Adams's ''Paulus Aegineta'', p. 99), and [[Alexander ...
List of popes (77758 bytes)
24: | rowspan="2" | Betsaida, [[Galilee|Galilea]]
29: ...Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day ([[SS Peter & Paul]]) [[29 June]], ([[Chair of P...
36: ...small>Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day [[23 September]]
43: | Martyred; feast day [[26 April]]
50: | Martyred; feast day [[23 November]]
Pope Telesphorus (1411 bytes)
1: ...gy)|mass]]es, the celebration of [[Easter]] on Sundays, the keeping of a seven-week [[Lent]] before Ea...
6: .... ''Oxford Dictionary of Popes.'' (1986). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
11: ...ccessor=[[Pope Hyginus|Saint Hyginus]]|Dates=126–136}}
Pope Boniface IV (5099 bytes)
1: '''Boniface IV''' (''ca''. [[550]] – [[May 25]] [[615]]) was [[pope]] from [[608]] ...
9: ...nciliengeschichte, III, 66), questionable by [[Haddan]] and [[Stubbs]] (Councils, III, 65), and genuin...
17: ...asilica]]. His remains were three times removed — in the [[10th century|tenth]] or [[11th centur...
19: ...a saint in the [[Roman Martyrology]] on his feast day, [[25 May]].
25: ... Aidan. A Short History of the Catholic Church in England, 19
Pope Boniface V (3289 bytes)
3: ... the [[religious conversion|Christianizing]] of [[England]] and enacted the decree by which churches became...
5: ... a [[Naples|Neapolitan]] who succeeded [[Pope Adeodatus I]] after a vacancy of more than a year. Befor...
9: ... the [[pallium]] upon him and directing him to "ordain bishops as occasion should require." According ...
15: ...idan. ''A Short History of the Catholic Church in England'', 19
17: *Hunt, William. ''The English Church from Its Foundation to the Norman Conquest''. Vol. 1. "A History ...
Pope Gregory II (966 bytes)
1: ...nour of canonization, [[February 13]]th being the day consecrated to his memory in the Martyrology<...
5: ...[[Pope Gregory III|Saint Gregory III]]|Dates=715–731}}
Pope Gregory III (1999 bytes)
1: ..., [[Willibald]] in [[Bohemia]], and [[Bede]] in [[England]] carried on their most successful missionary lab...
3: ...st pope to seek the [[Byzantine]] [[exarch]]'s mandate.
8: Feast day: [[November 28]].
12: ...sor=[[Pope Zacharias|Saint Zacharias]]|Dates=731–741}}
Toad (5772 bytes)
6: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
9: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = '''Bufonidae'''}}
37: ... '''true toads''' are [[amphibians]] in the Bufonidae [[family (biology)|family]]. A number of species...
39: The type species of the family Bufonidae is the [[Common toad]], ''Bufo bufo'', and aroun...
41: ...habits, and are absolutely toad-like. The ''Bufonidae'' include terrestrial, burrowing, thoroughly aqu...
Crustacean (6274 bytes)
7: {{Taxobox_authority | author = [[Br?]] | date = [[1772]]}}
11: **Order [[Enantiopoda]]
12: **Order [[Nectiopoda]]
13: *Class [[Cephalocarida]]
14: **Order [[Brachypoda]]
Banknote (6576 bytes)
3: ...s a '''bill''' in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]]) is a kind of [[currency]], issued as [[legal t...
5: ... a lot of precious metal was cumbersome and often dangerous. As an alternative, banknotes would be is...
9: Today, this is no longer true; the currency of all cou...
16: ... were issued with a promise to convert at a later date.
18: ...al codes enforced the payment for injury in a standardized form, usually in precious metals. The devel...

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