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- Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...d it into the [[18th century]]. Nevertheless, the basic themes of the revolution are readily recognised.
3: ...science was highly [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]]; at its end, science was [[mathematics|mathematical]], [...
7: ...oses in such debates may arise from lack of recognition of these fundamental differences.
9: ...ed in the modern world; there is no concern here with "other narratives" or alternate ways of knowing,...
11: ...of the causes of the revolution (Margolis, 2002). It may be summarized in the following lists of signi... - Ceramics (15941 bytes)
10: ...story of ceramics can be traced back to the Paleolithic era. Early pottery was used primarily for stor...
12: ...r instance, ancient Greek pottery is renowned for its red and black figure techniques, while Chinese c...
15: Ceramics involves several basic techniques:
17: ...ling, and slab building. It's one of the most traditional methods where the artist shapes the clay by ...
21: ...od, liquid clay slip is poured into molds, making it easier to produce multiple copies of a design. - Pottery (17136 bytes)
1: ...ery.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A man shapes pottery as it turns on a wheel. (Cappadocia, Turkey)]]
2: ...called "[[stoneware]]". Fine earthenware with a white tin glaze is known as [[faience]].
4: ...oth an ancient and modern [[technology]], in that it uses materials and techniques that are thousands ...
6: ...is generally known as a potter. The potter's most basic tool is the [[potter's wheel]].
8: ...tery are essential for dating the remains of non-literate cultures and help in the dating of some hist... - Heraldry (23465 bytes)
1: ...as '''achievements''' or '''armorial bearings'''. Its origins lie in the need to distinguish participa...
3: ...of the field is some sort of landscape), and then it describes the placement and tinctures of the diff...
7: There are no strict definitions of the shades of colours used in heraldry, bu...
12: ...rtain rules) by women in the British heraldic tradition, see the separate article on the [[lozenge]].
14: ...imes followed to the extent, as in [http://www.polity.org.za/html/govdocs/misc/gaucoat.html the arms o... - Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
1: ...y Abbey, Wiltshire, England. The Bible was hand written in Belgium, by Gerard Brils, for reading aloud...
2: ...graphos'' "writing") is the art of decorative [[writing]]. A style of calligraphy is described as a '...
4: ...[palaeography]]. Examples of ancient Roman [[graffiti]] are of interest to both calligraphers and pala...
8: ..., one does not have to know Chinese to appreciate its beauty. Calligraphy, in essence, is an abstract...
10: ...e]]'' 書藝, all meaning "the way of writing") is considered an important art in [[East Asi... - Illuminated manuscript (5973 bytes)
1: ...luminated manuscript, only manuscripts decorated with gold or silver, like this [[Miniature (illuminat...
3: ... medieval manuscripts, illuminated or not, were written on [[vellum]]. Beginning in the late middle a...
10: ...y Abbey, Wiltshire, England. The Bible was hand written in Belgium, by Gerard Brils, for reading aloud...
13: ...s appropriate for various times in the [[liturgy|liturgical day]].
16: ...ck, and the scribe went to work with ink-pot and either sharpened [[quill]] feather or reed pen. - Jewellery (4234 bytes)
1: ...namental devices worn by persons, typically made with [[gem]]s and [[precious metal]]s. [[Costume jew...
3: ...[necklace]]s, rings, and [[earring]]s, as well as items like hair ornaments or [[Body piercing jewelry...
7: ...an also be symbolic, as in the case of [[Christianity|Christians]] wearing a [[crucifix]] in the form ...
9: ...d continent. Personal [[adornment]] seems to be a basic human tendency.
27: * 2500 BC - The intentional addition of [[silver]] and copper to gold. - Painting (4567 bytes)
2: ...r about 6 times as long as they have been using written language. Artistic painting is considered by m...
24: *[[Computer painting]] (Digital)
34: ... such as [[viscosity]], [[miscibility]], [[solubility]], drying time, etc.
48: *[[Spray paint]] ([[Graffiti]])
52: ...c discussions about contemporary painting, though it continues to be used in popular contexts. - Computer painting (690 bytes)
10: ...wikipedia article. See ''[[How to draw a diagram with Microsoft Word]]'' for a tutorial.
16: *[[Bitmap graphics editor]] - Dye (6033 bytes)
1: ... In contrast, a [[pigment]] generally has no affinity for the substrate, and is insoluble.
3: ...getable]] or [[mineral]] origin, with no or very little processing. By far the greatest source of dyes...
9: ...upon the dyed materials, quickly replaced the traditional natural dyes. Dyes are now classified accord...
13: ...ath to help the uptake of the dye onto the fibre. Basic dyes are also used in the coloration of [[paper]]...
15: ... or near [[boiling point]], with the addition of either [[sodium chloride]] (NaCl) or [[sodium sulphat... - Greek language (35285 bytes)
3: ...eece]], [[Cyprus]], south [[Albania]], [[Southern Italy]], south [[Republic of Macedonia|Former Yuglos...
13: ...]] with a documented history of some 3,000 years. It is symbolically divided in four historical period...
15: ...sation. It has been studied in schools and universities in many countries from the [[Renaissance]] onw...
17: ...estament Greek''' (after its most famous word of literature).
21: ...as 11th century). Today in its '''common''' form, it is spoken by approximately 15 million speakers wo... - Process (6114 bytes)
1: ...e [[properties]] of one or more [[object]]s under its influence. Compare: [[project]]. See also: [[pr...
4: .... The more periodic a process is the more useful it is as the basis of a [[clock]]. Below are a few ...
15: See [[process music]] and [[Sol Lewitt]].
22: ...]]'s [[Pentium 4]] with [[Hyperthreading]] capability, can actually execute two proceses at a time, be...
25: ...opment process]] is a sequence of steps that practitioners and managers take to create software. The s... - Abundance (549 bytes)
3: ...[[economics]]. When people are assured that their basic needs are met, new elements of human [[psychology... - Cartography (10500 bytes)
1: ...raphy. Most commercial quality maps are now made with map making [[software]] that falls into one of t...
3: ... we can make reliable representations of that reality by adding levels of abstraction.
9: ...ater used geometry to survey land and to resurvey it after the periodic flooding of the [[Nile]] obscu...
11: ...rene estimated the circumference of the earth to within 15 per cent of the modern-day accepted value.
13: ...ical cult that developed many number-based superstitions that later became the basis of [[mathematics]... - United Nations (29685 bytes)
1: ...are not UN members. For more information, see [[United Nations member states]].
3: ...uarters is in [[New York City]], [[USA]]; see [[United Nations headquarters]].
5: ...s, English speakers were referring to it as the United Nations, or UN.
7: ...gans, part of what is collectively called the [[United Nations System]]:
10: *[[UN Security Council]] - Science (19868 bytes)
6: ...ical results that can be checked and [[Falsifiability|possibly contradicted]].
10: ...inding a certain type of dinosaur" is consistent with the empiricist's use of prediction. On the other...
12: ...geably. Both have been subjected to devastating criticisms:
14: ...language, so the very notion of testing theories with [[facts]] is problematic.
15: ...assumptions, rules, practices, etc. and that transitions from one paradigm to another generally does n... - Clarinet (18825 bytes)
2: ...ding the suffix ''-et'' meaning ''little'' to the Italian word ''clarino'' meaning ''[[trumpet]]'', as...
4: ...r, in the case of some student instruments, composite material or plastic [[resin]]. The instrument us...
11: ...be very agile; there are few restrictions to what it is able to play.
12: The Bass Clarinet has a very deep and loud tone. It is often only used in large orchestras and bands ...
15: ...the clarion register, and the range from high C (with two ledger lines) to the G above that is called ... - Flute (11293 bytes)
1: .... Unlike other wind instruments, a flute produces its sound from the flow of air against an edge, inst...
3: ...well with other instruments. The flute's timbre, pitch and attack are flexible, allowing a very high d...
7: ...0/Arts/flute-prehistoric041230.html] At its most basic, a flute can be an open tube which is blown like ...
9: There are several broad classes of flutes. With most flutes, the musician blows directly onto th...
14: ...ter, more pleasing timbres. An organ pipe may be either open or closed, depending on the sound desired... - Piccolo heckelphone (2734 bytes)
1: ...itched in F, a perfect fourth above the [[oboe]], its compass is from b to g"'#, sounding a perfect fo...
3: ...heckelphone, Strauss ultimately did not score for it and only a single prototype was ever built.
5: ...h not as wide as that of a [[saxophone]]), giving it a characteristically strong and powerful tone.
7: ...e only ever produced in extremely small numbers, with production ceasing altogether in [[1955]] due to...
9: ..., or may be in the hands of private collectors awaiting discovery. - Saxophone (14311 bytes)
1: ...erent sizes play in different registers. This baritone saxophone, for example, can play lower notes t...
3: ...nally intended as both an [[orchestra]]l and [[military band]] instrument.
7: ...ilitary bands--this despite his great friendship with the influential Parisian composer [[Berlioz]].
9: ... technically and possessed a new level of flexibility. This would explain why he chose to name the in...
14: ...e saxophone's body is effectively conical, giving it properties more similar to the [[oboe]] than to t...
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