User:Pengo/zoo
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Zoology
- spatulate = spatula-shaped -- (of a leaf shape; having a broad rounded apex and a narrow base)
- therian mammals
- albumen = egg white, ovalbumin
- bastula
- blastomeres - (any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg)
- vegetal (hemisphere) - (of reproduction) characterized by asexual processes
- Hox genes - homeotic
- meroblastic - partial cleavage of macroleithal eggs
- distend = dilate -- (become wider; "His pupils were dilated")
- distend -- (swell from or as if from internal pressure; "The distended bellies of the starving cows")
- allantois (=umbilical?) -- (vascular fetal membrane that develops from the hindgut in embryonic higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals))
- chorion -- (outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals))
- foramina = hiatus -- (a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure)
- otic = auricular -- (of or relating to near the ear)
- tuberosity - a protuberance on a bone especially for attachment of a muscle or ligament
- ectodermal - the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue
- cyclostomes - primitive aquatic vertebrate
- teleost = teleostan -- (a bony fish of the subclass Teleostei)
- hypophysis = pituitary gland -- (the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain)
- somites = epimeres, metamere -- (one of a series of similar body segments into which some animals are divided longitudinally)
- cartilage - cells (chondrocytes), within spaces (lacunae) of matrix of proteoglycans and fibers. Formed at the surface membrane of tissue (perichondrium).
- hyaline cartilage - lubrication of joints and formation of long bones -- (translucent cartilage that is common in joints and the respiratory passages; forms most of the fetal skeleton). Can transform into: fibrous cartilage (vertibrae discs), elastic cartilage (with fat cells, external ear and epiglottis), calcified cartilage (skeletons of elasmobranchs. not remodelled once formed).
- endochondral bone (or replacement bone), dermal bone, membrane bone
- osteons = Haversian system -- A central canal and the concentric osseous lamellae encircling it, occurring in compact bone.
- glycoproteins are found in cartilage
- hydroxyapatite is found in bones
- calcium phosphate crystals
- neural crests
- placodes, ectodermal
- somitomeres (form muscle)
- primordia =anlage -- (an organ in its earliest stage of development; the foundation for subsequent development)
skull parts
chondrocranium
- supports brain and special sense organs
- A portion of the embryonic cranium forming the bones of the base of the skull and eventually undergoing ossification.
- only in fetal life
- except in cyclostomes and sharks
- notochord's cartilaginous sheath usually joins the chondrocranium.
- trabeculae pair of "small beams", anterior to the notochord, with hypophysis located between posterior ends. Related to the forebrain, nasal capsules, orbis, and rostrum. Trabeculae can have different conditions: widely separated (platytrabic), joined, fused anteriorly (Y shape, tropitrabic).
- parachordal cartilages - fuse to form the basal plate by surrounding the notochord
- basal plate is of segmental origin from the sclerotomes of embryonic head somites
- occipital condyles, which articulate the first free vertebra of the spine. (chapter 9)
visceral skeleton
- (or splanchnocranium)
- gill arch support
dermal elements
- (or dermatocranium)
- superficial framework of the skull