Transportation in Turkey
|
|
| Contents |
Railways
total:
8,607 km
standard gauge:
8,607 km 1.435-m gauge (1,524 km electrified) (1999)
Railway map (http://www.worldbank.org/transport/rail/sys_maps/rail38.gif)
Cities with underground railway systems: Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir.
In 2004, Marmaray project started on a rail tunnel under the Bosphorus straights.
Railway links with adjacent countries
- Armenia - ?
- Bulgaria - yes - 1435mm
- Greece - yes - 1435mm
- Georgia - under reconstruction - break-of-gauge 1435mm/1524mm.
- Iran - via Lake Van ferry.
- Iraq - via Syria
- Syria - yes - 1435mm
- Lebanon - no - defunct?
Highways
total:
382,397 km
paved:
95,599 km (including 1,726 km of expressways)
unpaved:
286,798 km (1999 est.)
Waterways
about 1,200 km
Pipelines
crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas 708 km
Ports and harbors
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
- Iskenderun
- Izmir
- Sea of Marmora
- Kocaeli (Izmit)
Other
Merchant marine
total:
547 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,935,173 GRT/9,771,421 DWT
ships by type:
bulk 155, cargo 244, chemical tanker 37, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 20, liquified gas 5, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 35, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off 22, short-sea passenger 9, specialized tanker 5 (1999 est.)
Airports
118 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways
total:
82
over 3,047 m:
16
2,438 to 3,047 m:
27
1,524 to 2,437 m:
18
914 to 1,523 m:
16
under 914 m:
5 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways
total:
36
1,524 to 2,437 m:
1
914 to 1,523 m:
9
under 914 m:
26 (1999 est.)
Heliports
2 (1999 est.)