Transformative justice
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Transformative justice is a general philosophical strategy for responding to conflicts. It takes the principles and practices of restorative justice beyond the criminal justice system. It applies to areas such as environmental law, corporate law, labor-management relations, consumer bankruptcy and debt and family law. Transformative justice seeks to see problems, as not only the beginning of the crime but also the causes of crime, and try to treat an offense as a transformative relational and educational opportunity for victims, offenders and all other members of the affected community.
Some also say transformative justice is a theory of criminal justice primarily advanced by Ruth Morris and Giselle Dias of the Canadian Society of Friends.
It can be seen as a general philosophical strategy for responding to conflicts akin to peacemaking. Transformative justice is concerned with root causes and comprehensive outcomes. It treats an offense as a transformative relational and educational opportunity for victims, offenders and all other members of the affected community. It is akin to healing justice more than other alternatives to imprisonment:
In contrast to restorative justice, no quantification or assessment of loss or harms or any assignment of the role of victim is made, and no attempt to compare the past (historical) and future (normative or predicted) conditions is made either. The victim is not normally part of the transformative process, but can choose to be. Participants agree only on what constitutes effective harms reduction - which may well include forcing perpetrator and victim far apart.
In contrast to equity-restorative justice, there is no social definition of equity imposed on participants. Each is free to decide on some "new normal" state of being for themselves, and is not pressured to agree on it. A victim may continue to seek revenge or desire punishment, e.g. as in retributive justice systems. A perpetrator may lack remorse and may say that they lack remorse.
As in transformative learning, one works from desired future states back to the present steps required to reach them. The issue is not whether the perpetrator may make a choice to do something similar again, but whether the community is willing to support the victim and perpetrator in some form of contact. It is possible for the community to choose to support the perpetrator and not the victim as defined by the law - but if they do so they may be obligated to support some re-definition of "equity" so that law comes back into line with the social concept of equity. For example, it is possible for the community to support imprisonment as a means of isolation but not punishment.
This model may have roots in those of Samuel Tuke and B. F. Skinner but departs from these in relying on individual volunteers' caring and supporting capacity, not any socially imposed etiquette derived from civilization. In theory, a transformative justice model can apply even between peoples with no prior contact.
See also: transformative learning, psychiatric imprisonment, diplomacy, crime, healing justice, retributive justice