Stag Beetle
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The Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus is the largest and most distinctive insect in Britain's fauna, there being about 1200 named species of the Stag Beetle world-wide, some growing to 8 cm (3.25 in), but usually they are about 5 cm (2 in). Once common over much of Southern England and Wales, they have been in decline over the last 50 years and are now becoming rare and are listed as a Globally threatened / declining species and they have become a protected species under Schedule 5 of the UK's Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the EU Habitats Directive of the Berne Convention. Two of the most important London areas for stag beetles are Richmond Park and Wimbledon Common.
Adults appear during late May to the beginning of August being most active in the evenings. Females lay their eggs in a piece of decaying wood with the larvae taking between 4 to 6 years to reach the pupal stage going through several instars in the process. At this point it buries itself in the soil for about 3 months, then during the warm summer months it emerges to fly off (somewhat badly due to their size), find a mate and die. Stag Beetle larvae, which are blind and shaped like a letter "C", feed on rotting wood in a variety of places, tree stumps, old trees and shrubs, rotting fence posts, compost heaps and leaf mould. The larvae have a cream coloured soft transparent body with six orange legs, and an orange head which is very distinct from the very sharp brown pincers. They have combs in their legs which they use for communication (stridulation) with other larvae. The name cervus is derived from the mandibles of the male, which look like the horns of a cervus. The Stag beetle is predated on by magpies, badgers, foxes, hedgehogs, cats and woodpeckers.
The natural reaction of the beetle to an approaching large object is to remain motionless making them a good photographic subject. Sexually dimorphic in that the males (who have enlarged mandibles) are larger than the females, and although the male might seem aggressive, it is quite harmless because it doesn't have the required muscles to move them, however females can inflict a nasty bite. Capable of a slow awkward lumbering flight usually at dusk making a very low distinctive buzzing sound, the males seem to fly more readily than the females. Adults only live for a few months feeding on nectar and tree sap.