St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

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The Canadian city of St. John's population 99,182 (metropolitan population 175,000), is the provincial capital and largest city of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Contents

1 History 2 Geography 3 Facts 4 Demographics 5 Mayors of St. John's 6 External links

History

• St. John's is the oldest European settlement in North America, founded on the feast of St. John the Baptist, June 24, 1497.
• The Italian navigator John Cabot, who sailed under English flag, was the first European since the Vikings verifiably known to have reached mainland America. The 500th anniversary of his landing in what he named New Founde Lande was celebrated in 1997. St. John's became the oldest British colony in North America as, on August 5, 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of the region for England. The settlement changed hands several times between France and England, until becoming permanently British in 1762 and serving as a naval base during both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812.

• Many of the St. John's earliest settlers came from the Southeast of Ireland, primarily Waterford, Wexford and Kilkenny. This would explain the similarity between accents from that part of Ireland and Newfoundland.

• The worst disaster to befall St. John's was on July 18, 1892 and is commonly called The Great Fire of 1892. There was another major fire that started in the same neighbourhood on December 21, 1992, destroying over a dozen businesses and leaving hundreds homeless.

• It was at St. John's that Guglielmo Marconi received the first transatlantic wireless message, and it was from there that the first nonstop transatlantic flight was made in 1919 by Alcock and Brown.

• During the Second World War, the harbour was used by Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy ships used for protecting convoys. It was also the site of a large US Army base called "Fort Pepperrell". This base was established as part of the "Lend-lease" agreement between the UK and USA.

Geography

The city is located on the northeast coast of the Avalon Peninsula, in southeastern Newfoundland island, and on the Atlantic Ocean. In fact, it is the easternmost city in North America. The downtown area exists to the north of St. John's Harbour and the rest of the city expands uphill and to the west, north, and east. The city of Mount Pearl borders St. John's to the east, and is substantially smaller in population, yet only slightly smaller in size. St. John's is the largest city in Division No. 1. The following table is a representation of St. John's and its surrounding areas:

	North: Torbay, Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove, and Flatrock, and Pouch Cove
West: Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Paradise, Mount Pearl, Conception Bay South	St. John's	East: Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove,
	South: Division No. 1, Subd. D, Bay Bulls

Facts

• The majority of the population descends from both Ireland and England.
• The accent heard in St. John's is very similar to that of Waterford, Ireland.
• Tradition declares that the city earned its name when explorer John Cabot became the first European to sail into its harbour, on June 24 1497 — the feast day of Saint John the Baptist.
• The city is the centre of business, education, and government for the province.
• St. John's is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of St. John's, and the Anglican Bishop of Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador.
• St. John's is the site of the Newfoundland Museum, Memorial University, and the College of the North Atlantic.
• St. John's is currently the only Canadian city served by radio stations whose call letters do not begin with the letter C. Four stations in St. John's use the ITU prefix VO: VOCM (AM and FM), VOAR and VOWR. VO was assigned to the Dominion of Newfoundland before the province joined Canadian Confederation in 1949, and these stations kept their existing call letters. However, other commercial radio stations in St. John's which went to air after 1949 use the same range of prefixes (CF–CK) currently in use elsewhere in Canada. VO remains in use in amateur radio
• St. John's is the home of the St. John's Maple Leafs, an AHL farm team for the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs' home stadium is Mile One Stadium and is in downtown St. John's. However, after the 2004-2005 season, the Maple Leafs will be leaving Newfoundland and a junior team from the QMJHL, called the St. John's Fog Devils are scheduled to become the new tenant at Mile One.
• St. John's is the start of the Trans-Canada Highway(a title shared with the City of Victoria, British Columbia).

Demographics

• According to the Canada 2001 Census:
  • Dwellings: 42,443
  • Area (km²): 446.04
  • Density (persons per km²): 222.4

Racial make-up

• White: 97.3%
• All others: 2.7%

Relgious make-up

• Roman Catholic: 53.3%
• Protestant: 39.4%
• Non religious: 5.1%

St. John's should not be confused with Saint John, New Brunswick.

Mayors of St. John's

• Andy Wells: Sept. 30, 1997 - present.
• John Joseph Murphy: Nov. 9, 1993 - Sept. 30, 1997.
• Suzanne Duff: Nov. 13, 1990 - Nov. 9, 1993.
• John Joseph Murphy: Nov. 3, 1981 - Nov. 13, 1990.
• Dorothy Wyatt: Nov. 13, 1973 - Nov. 3, 1981.
• William G. Adams: December, 1965 - Nov. 13, 1973.
• Henry G. R. Mews: Nov. 8, 1949 - December, 1965.
• Andrew Carnell: 1933 - Nov. 8, 1949.
• Charles Howlett: December 9, 1929 - March 31, 1932. (Died in office on Mar. 31, 1932, city was administered by Deputy Mayor Carnell until next municipal election in 1933.)
• Tasker Cook: Dec. 15, 1921 - Dec. 9, 1929.
• William Gosling: June 29, 1916 - Dec. 15, 1921.

• (July 1, 1914 - elected municipal government suspended in favour of commission of government)

• William Ellis: June 27, 1910 - July 1, 1914.
• Michael Gibbs: June 26, 1906 - June 27, 1910.
• George Shea: June 19, 1902 - June 26, 1906.

• 1898 to 1902 - government by commission. In 1902, legislation passed that dictated a municipal council would be formed by six councillors-at-large and one mayor, elected by those citizens of St. John's who pay property taxes. (This practice of limiting franchise to municipal taxpayers lasted through to the 1960s)
• 1888 to 1898 - Council consisted of five councillors elected by ward and two members appointed by the Newfoundland government.

External links

• The City of St. John's Official Website (http://www.stjohns.ca)

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See also: List of cities in Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador, List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador

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