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- Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...bon acts as a hardening agent, preventing iron atoms, which are naturally arranged in a [[lattice]], f...
11: ...chemical formula of Fe<sub>3</sub>C. Cementite forms in regions of higher carbon content while other a...
15: ...els involves heating the alloy until austenite forms, then '''[[quenching]]''' the hot metal in [[wate...
21: ...s steel]] so that a hard [[passivation|oxide]] forms on the metal surface, to inhibit corrosion. [[Tu...
26: ... and [[Sumer]], where around [[4000 BC]] small items, such as the tips of spears and ornaments, were b... - Turkmenistan (10788 bytes)
7: ...48 | [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|100px|Coat of Arms of Turkmenistan]]
10: | align=center width=148 | ([[Coat of Arms of Turkmenistan|In Detail]])
28: ...area|Ranked 51st]]<br/> 488,100 [[square kilometer|km²]]<br/> Negligible
66: ... a very short person, barely taller than 150 centimeters (5 feet).
68: ...otherland or the Turkmenbashi should lose their arms. - Mummy (16225 bytes)
12: ...ming]] procedures. [[Asphalt]] and [[tar]] are forms of bitumen.) The Arabic word was itself borrowed ...
47: ===Open problems===
67: ...he [[Eastern Han Dynasty]] (25-220 AD), was 1.8 [[meter]]s (nearly six feet) tall and might have died at ...
69: ...'s [[Silk Road]] in [[Xinjiang]], about 200 [[kilometers]] east of Yingpan.
83: ...th-century]] aristocrats would often entertain themselves by buying mummies, having them unwrapped, an... - St. Peter's Basilica (17805 bytes)
8: ...in this exact spot, which had previously been a cemetery for pagans as well as Christians.
17: ...]] and [[1667]], in the center of which is a 25.5 meter tall obelisk. The [[obelisk]] was moved to its pr...
22: ...) across. It is not simply its vast scale (136.57 meters from from the floor of the church to the top of ...
26: ...mage:VAT74_0844W.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Light streams down into the sanctuary from the dome cupola.]]
91: ...of the statue is eroded due to centuries of pilgrims kissing it. Along the floor of the nave are marke... - Trajans Column (10003 bytes)
3: ...s, with a diameter of 3.7 meters (11 ft). The 190 meter (625 ft) frieze winds around the shaft 23 times. ...
5: ...and later by a heroically nude statue of Trajan himself, which disappeared in the [[Middle Ages]]. On ...
13: ...ion for modern historians on Roman and barbaric arms and methods of warfare (such as forts, ships, wea...
45: ...igned in 1989 by [[Carol Twombly]], uses letterforms based on this inscription. There have been many o...
50: It is assumed that the column drums were lifted by [[crane (machine)|crane]]s into th... - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
13: ...George Armstrong]] — [[hydraulic crane]], Armstrong breech-loading gun
26: *[[Arnold O. Beckman]], (1900 - 2004), [[pH]] meter
36: ...;]], (1711-1787) — [[Croatia]], ring-[[micrometer]], water [[telescope]]
93: ...Galilei]], (1564-1642), [[Italy]] — [[thermometer]]
112: ...John Harrison]], (1693-1776) — marine chronometer - Pioneer 11 (5118 bytes)
5: ...]]. It is 2.9 meters long and has a 2.74-meter-diameter high-gain [[antenna (electronics)|antenna]], topp...
7: ...nfrared radiometer]], and an [[imaging photopolarimeter]], which produced [[photograph]]s and measured th... - Venus (planet) (31010 bytes)
16: ...ght from ever heating the surface. Venus's [[Bolometer|bolometric]] [[albedo]] is approximately 60%, and...
25: ... no impact crater smaller than about 3.2 km in diameter can form.
29: ...ecular oxygen is thought to have combined with atoms in the crust (large amounts of oxygen, however, r...
46: ...o noted changes in the size of Venus's visible diameter when it was in different phases, suggesting that ...
50: ...19]], [[1999]]. These respective events repeat themselves every eight years pursuant to the planet's s... - Sundial (16148 bytes)
55: ...lel to the Earth's axis of rotation. The disk forms a plane parallel to the plane of the Earth's equa...
89: ...to measure angles to geographic features. Large (meter-sized) diptychs may have been used for [[navigati...
99: == Precision sundials (heliochronometers) ==
101: A precision sundial, called a '''heliochronometer''',
105: Heliochronometers usually indicate the minutes to within 1 minute ... - Mammal (11782 bytes)
41: ... brain regulates endothermic and circulatory systems, including a four-chambered [[heart]].
150: Mammals have [[skin|integumentary systems]] made up of three layers: the outermost [[epider...
166: ...but rapidly developed into larger more diverse forms following the [[Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction ev...
181: ...s]] around 130 million years old, one more than a meter in length, the other having remains of a baby din... - Lightning (33113 bytes)
44: ...times longer, and can strike several miles or kilometers distant from the clouds. During a positive ligh...
48: .... It tends to occur more frequently in winter storms and at the end of a thunderstorm.
71: ...g is ribbon lightning. These occur in thunderstorms where there are high crosswinds and multiple retu...
83: ... out over the water at night, the remnants of storms that formed during the day along a [[seabreeze]] ...
87: ...lluminated ''ball'' that occurs during thunderstorms. They can be fast-moving, slow-moving or nearly ... - Atmospheric pressure (6841 bytes)
15: ==Mean sea level pressure (MSLP or SLP)==
16: Mean sea level pressure (MSLP or SLP) is the pressure at sea level or (when m...
18: ...ts on radio, television, and newspapers. When barometers in the home are set to match the local weather r...
22: ...making this reduction differs slightly. See [[altimeter]].
24: ...metric altimeter setting which will cause the altimeter to read altitude above mean sea level in the vici... - Cambodia (32076 bytes)
61: ...d in more formal occasions, such as in news programs or in political speeches.
92: The Angkorian period was in terms of cultural accomplishments and political power, ...
96: ...s [[Avalokitesvara]], which are either the king himself or the guardians of the [[cardinal point]]s (K...
120: ...urban areas to [[collective farming|collective farms]] where they were subject to [[unfree labor|force...
122: ...Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], [[Chinese]], [[Chams]], [[Laotians]], and [[Thai]]. If this wasn't eno... - Bottlenose Dolphin (16802 bytes)
59: ...hich may be male). A single calf is born, about 1 meter (3 feet) long at birth.
66: ...ins. [[Orca]]s may also prey on them, but this seems rare.
85: ...of marine mammals is forbidden in almost all circumstances. The international trade in dolphins is als...
112: ... and distribution of the aduncus and truncatus forms of bottlenose dolphin Tursiops in the Indian and ...
116: #Ainsley Thomson. ''[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/storydisplay.cfm?... - Tsunami (29462 bytes)
12: ...be generated when the [[sea floor]] abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Suc...
18: ...y speaking, tsunamis generated from these mechanisms, unlike the ocean-wide tsunamis caused by some ea...
24: ...nce as the wave travels, so the energy per linear meter in the wave decreases as the inverse power of the...
45: ... of an impending tsunami, and there are many systems being developed and in use to reduce the damage f...
76: ...igious]] and [[rationality|rational]] belief systems. Philosophers of the [[The Age of Enlightenment|E... - Long-distance track event (2855 bytes)
5: ===3,000 meter steeplechase===
7: ...rength, stamina and agility than the flat [[3,000 meter]] event. The world record for men is:
15: ===5,000 meters===
17: ...ch an event may comprise of a total of 60-200 kilometers a week. The world record for men:
25: ===10,000 meters=== - Forbidden City (7592 bytes)
3: ...720,000 square meters, 800 buildings and 9,999 rooms. (It should not be confused with the [[National P...
14: ...tween the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. The walls are thick and squat and were specific...
40: *[http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/forbiddencity/ The Forbidden City Lesson Plan] - Palermo (10618 bytes)
25: ..., as contractors bribed the city officials who themselves profited massively from the "sacking of Pale...
30: Palermo is a city with monumental problems, but is also a city of almost three millennia of ...
42: The Cathedral has a [[heliometer]] (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number{...
47: ...degrees of preservation. Close to the city is 600 meter high Monte Pellegrino, with spectacular views of ...
69: ... paper from University of Bologna describing Heliometers in Italian Cathedrals.] - Hubble Space Telescope (50930 bytes)
26: |'''Diameter'''||2.4 m
34: |'''[[NICMOS]]'''||camera/spectrometer
40: |'''[[STIS]]'''||spectrometer/camera (failed)
43: ... a better understanding of many fundamental problems in astrophysics.
45: ...ce telescope was beset by delays and budget problems. Immediately after its launch, it was found that... - Alfalfa (6719 bytes)
20: ... deep [[root]] system sometimes stretching to 4.5 meters. This makes it very resilient, especially to dro...
37: ...ularly for spring plantings, to reduce weed problems. [[Herbicide]]s are sometimes used instead.
49: ...typically 4.5 to 6 feet (1.4 to 1.8 meters) in diameter and weighing upwards of 1,000 pounds. These bales...
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