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- Costa Rica (12931 bytes)
1: ...ntry has been free of violent political conflict. Figueres also abolished the [[military]] and today, ...
20: | '''[[Official language]]'''
21: | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (Official), ([[English language|English]] and indigenou...
61: ...fined to include the [[Isthmo-Colombian]] area, defined by the presence of groups that spoke [[Chibcha...
71: ...t:</i> fishermen set sail near Quepos, on the Pacific coast.]]Costa Rica (Spanish for "Rich Coast"), a... - Rio de Janeiro (14538 bytes)
13: ...n January of 1501. Since the Europeans thought at first the Bay of Guanabara was actually the mouth of...
17: ...the medieval European strategy of defense of fortified castles - the place was since then called ''Mor...
25: ...April 21st that year, the capital of Brazil was officially moved from Rio to Bras�a.
42: ...ds to watch the firework display. As of 2001, the fireworks have been launched from boats, to further ...
63: ... onto the hillsides where sturdy buildings are difficult to build, and accidents, mainly from heavy ra... - History of China (45919 bytes)
7: ...ages were founded; the most archaeologically significant of those was found at [[Banpo]], [[Xi'an]].
14: ...gust Ones and the Five Emperors#The Five Emperors|Five Emperors]] (三皇五帝). ...
22: ...tings. [[Anyang]] in modern day Henan has been confirmed as the last of the six capitals of the Shang ...
28: ...C)|Zhou]] king until [[256 BC]], he was largely a figurehead and held little real power.
30: ...ang Di|First Emperor]] (Shi Huangdi), forming the first Chinese empire under the [[Qin Dynasty]]. This... - King Arthur (22450 bytes)
1: '''King Arthur''' is an important figure in the [[mythology]] of [[Great Britain]], wh...
7: ...nthemius]]. Unfortunately, Riothamus is a shadowy figure of whom we know little, and scholars are not ...
9: ...e reason for him to have become a major legendary figure.
11: ...to [[Leir of Britain | King Lear]]) or a possibly fictive person like [[Beowulf (character)|Beowulf]].
19: Arthur first appears in [[Welsh literature]]. In a survivin... - Christopher Columbus (44177 bytes)
3: ... regions. Although his explorations were not the first to reach the Americas, they inaugurated perman...
5: ...wever, there is one thing that sets off Columbus' first voyage from all of these: less than two decade...
9: ...[[potato]]es, [[maize]], and [[horse]]s), and the first large-scale [[colonization]] of the Americas b...
11: Columbus remains a controversial figure. Some – including many [[Native America...
27: ...[[1474]], Columbus joined a ship of the [[Spinola Financiers]], who were Genoese patrons of his father... - Ibn Battuta (16481 bytes)
2: ...]] from the [[Maliki]] [[Madhhab]] (a school of [[Fiqh]], or Sunni Islamic law), and at times a [[Qadi...
4: ... appellation '''Shams ad-Din''', a title or honorific at times given to the names of scholars particul...
6: ...as the ''Rihla'', or "Journey". Whilst apparently fictional in places, the ''Rihla'' still gives as co...
13: ...which was relatively safe, and he embarked on the first of his detours. Three commonly used routes exi...
15: ...meluks), having encountered a holy man during his first trip who prophesied that Ibn Battuta would onl... - Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
1: ...The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the nineteenth century enabled ...
10: ...l]] are also cited as factors, as is the [[scientific revolution]] of the 17th century. But one of the...
14: ...kly from 1700 onwards, because there was a scientific and technological improvement, growth of supply ...
24: ...sed the amount of food produced and supplied a sufficient amount of food for the workers working in th...
36: ...[[Encyclopedie]]'' explained foreign methods with finely engraved plates. - Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...on, but is also more [[brittle]]. One classical definition is that steels are iron-carbon alloys with ...
5: ...carbon, if present, is undesired. A more recent definition is that steels are iron-based alloys that c...
8: ... carbon. This process, known as [[smelting]], was first applied to metals with lower [[melting]] point...
11: ...dy-centered cubic to a [[face-centered cubic]] configuration, called '''[[austenite]]''' or '''γ...
13: ...cally [[metastable]] substance with about four to five times the strength of ferrite. Martensite has ... - Bagpipes (20858 bytes)
23: ...nown Romantic. However, it seems likely they were first invented in pre-Christian times. [[Nero]] is ...
25: Where they were first introduced to [[Britain]] and [[Ireland]] is d...
27: ...at the funerals of high-ranking civilian public officials as well.
42: ... was often termed the [[Irish Warpipes]]. This configuration can also be found having been played in S...
45: ... birls. These are used for emphasis on, say, the first beat of a bar, or just as a more musical way t... - November 4 (10686 bytes)
13: * [[1869]] - The first issue of the scientific journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' is publi...
14: ...es G. Blaine]] in a very close contest to win the first of his two non-consecutive terms.
16: ...] - [[City & South London Railway]]: [[London]]'s first deep-level [[London Underground|tube]] railway...
21: ...ish]] archaeologist [[Howard Carter]] and his men find the entrance to King [[Tutankhamen]]'s tomb in ...
22: ...ellie Tayloe Ross]] of [[Wyoming]] elected as the first woman governor in the [[United States]]. - Burundi (13403 bytes)
13: official_languages = [[Kirundi language|Kirundi]...
47: ...</sup> Estimate is based on regression; other PPP figures are extrapolated from the latest Internation...
58: ...cy. After several more years of violence, a cease-fire was signed in 2003 between Buyoya's government ...
60: ...between the FNL and the Burundian government, but fighting continued. Renewed negotiations are now und...
89: ...account the effects of [[AIDS]], which has a significant effect on the demographics of the country. R... - Hatshepsut (9070 bytes)
2: ...latter is not certain to have ruled). She was the first ''known'' female to take the title Pharaoh, th...
4: ...successful Pharaohs. She was one of the most prolific builders in Ancient Egypt, commissioning hundred...
13: ... be [[regent]] until the boy king came of age. At first it seemed that Hatshepsut was patterning herse...
20: ... assumed all of the regalia and symbols of that office with many statues existing that show her in a f...
28: ...hich she suffixed the epithet Khenmetamun, and prefixed the praenomen, or throne name Maat-ka-re. In [... - Arsinoe II of Egypt (1899 bytes)
5: Arsinoe II was first married to King [[Lysimachus of Thrace]], to w...
7: ...r death Ptolemy II continued to refer to her on official documents, as well as supporting her coinage ... - Empress Wu (14478 bytes)
11: ...ous<br>name when she died ten months later.<br>8. Final version of her posthumous name as given in Jul...
18: ...人), i.e. one of the nine concubines of the fifth rank. Emperor Taizong gave her the name Mei (&...
22: ... was ranking her above the four concubines of the first rank and immediately below the empress consort...
24: ...;) which had been created 900 years before by the first emperor of China [[Qin Shi Huang]]. Indeed she...
26: ... additions of characters, her imperial name was definitely set as Emperor Tiance Jinlun Shengshen (... - Melisende of Jerusalem (16880 bytes)
9: ... by Christian [[Franks]] in [[1099]] during the [[First Crusade]], and was ruled by a dynasty from the...
11: ...s, including in the minting of money, granting of fiefdoms and other forms of patronage, and in diplom...
19: ...rces, such as [[William of Tyre]], discount the infidelity of Melisende and instead point out that Ful...
21: ...allenge Fulk, as Fulk's unfounded assertions of infidelity was a public affront that would damage Meli...
25: ... titles of nobility, fiefdoms, appointments and offices, granting royal favours and pardons and holdin... - Agnes of Courtenay (6051 bytes)
1: ...ing [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem]], and an important figure in the politics of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem...
3: ... death to marry. Agnes bore Amalric two children, first [[Sibylla of Jerusalem|Sibylla]] and then the ...
7: ...affa and Ascalon and received a pension from that fief's income. Agnes soon thereafter married to [[Hu...
11: ...f Jerusalem]], although William was the more qualified choice. There were rumours that she was also ha...
15: ...usalem|Baldwin V]], Sibylla's infant son from her first marriage, was placed in precedence over Sibyll... - Sibylla of Jerusalem (11497 bytes)
11: ...ror Manuel]], the emperor previously receiving confirmation from his niece, the [[dowager queen]] [[Ma...
21: ...usalem|Baldwin V]], Sibylla's infant son from her first marriage was placed in precedence over Sibylla...
27: ...Chatillon gained popular support for Sibylla by affirming that she was "li plus apareissanz et plus dr...
31: ...tained much influence with the Knights Templar, a fighting force much in need given Saladin's invasion...
37: ...mond were dispatched to the front with the entire fighting strength of the kingdom, but their inabilit... - Isabella of Jerusalem (7928 bytes)
11: ...usalem|Baldwin V]], Sibylla's infant son from her first marriage, and if Baldwin V should die, the que...
19: ...the closest male relative to the royal family and finally succeeded as [[King of Jerusalem]] in 1192 a...
21: ...' wife on the same night, maintaining that he had first right to the dead man's wife. She was pregnant... - Isabella of Castile (4156 bytes)
5: ... Lancaster]] and his wife [[Isabel de Beaumont]]. Finally she was great-great-granddaughter to [[Nuno ...
8: ...from his first wife [[Blanche of Lancaster]]. Her final set of grandparents were [[Afonso, Duke de Bra...
16: ...us]]'s first voyage. In the same year she was the first woman to be featured on a U.S. postal stamp, a...
24: Isabella has been represented in film by actresses like [[Lola Flores]] and [[Sigourn... - Marguerite de Valois (5364 bytes)
12: ...d an icy reception. Determined to overcome her difficulties, Queen Marguerite master-minded a coup d'e...
18: ==Marguerite de Valois in fiction==
20: ...vel was famously adapted into a [[1994]] [[French film]], ''[[La Reine Margot (1994 movie)|La Reine Ma...
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