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- Bagpipes (20858 bytes)
3: ...plural, although pipers most commonly talk of "pipes" and "the bagpipe".
6: ...ight|thumb|A set of Scottish Great Highland bagpipes.<br>
11: 5) Tenor drones<br>
16: ...sually consists of leather, but in more recent times many other materials, such as [[rubber]] and [[Go...
18: ...rical bores for the Musette and Scottish Small Pipes). In general, chanters with a cylindrical bore w... - November 4 (10686 bytes)
7: ...|Antwerp]] (after three days the city was nearly destroyed).
9: ...[[1677]] - The future [[Mary II of England]] marries [[William III of England|William, Prince of Orang...
12: ...ombard a [[United States|Union]] supply base and destroy millions of dollars in material.
14: ...ublican]] [[James G. Blaine]] in a very close contest to win the first of his two non-consecutive term...
22: ...d as the first woman governor in the [[United States]]. - Toni Morrison (2576 bytes)
4: ...rize for Fiction]] in [[1988]]. This story describes a slave who found freedom, but killed her infant ...
10: ...the [[Robert F. Goheen]] Professor of the Humanities at [[Princeton University]].
12: ...ing "Clinton displays almost every trope of blackness: single-parent household, born poor, working-cla...
15: *''[[The Bluest Eye]]'' (1970)
20: *''[[Jazz (novel)|Jazz]]'' (1992) - Ella Fitzgerald (9400 bytes)
2: ...y|Lady]] Ella''', was one of the most important [[jazz]] [[singer]]s, and the winner of thirteen [[Gramm...
4: ... born in [[Newport News, Virginia]], [[United States|USA]] and raised in [[Yonkers, New York]]. She w...
6: ...to hire her. She started singing with Webb's Orchestra in [[1935]], in Harlem's [[Savoy Ballroom]]. S...
8: ...the new name, "Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Orchestra."
10: ...ctly [[Marilyn Monroe]]'s voice and typical gestures, as well as [[Louis Armstrong]]'s. - Aretha Franklin (7875 bytes)
2: ...968-1975) and she is normally ranked as the greatest female vocalist ever by such industry publicatio...
6: ...r gave full rein to Franklin's talents. Her greatest and most innovative work was yet to come.
8: ...with producers [[Jerry Wexler]] and Arif Mardin, resulting in some of the most influential R&B recordi...
10: ...it to number one in the UK pop charts - the best result being a number four with her version of [[Burt...
12: ...cal Performance; she later added three more Grammies in this category in the [[1980s]]. - Billie Holiday (6766 bytes)
3: ...''' is generally considered one of the greatest [[jazz]] [[singer]]s of all time. Born '''Eleanora Fagan...
7: ... be raised largely by her mother and other relatives. A hardened and angry child, she dropped out of s...
9: ...t was hardly a responsible father. In the rare times Billie did see him, she would shake him down for ...
11: ==First success==
14: ...Hammond was the first). Hammond arranged several sessions for her with [[Benny Goodman]]; her first-ev... - Mahalia Jackson (2345 bytes)
1: ...[[The Johnson Brothers]], one of the earliest professional gospel groups.
3: ...elt she had watered down her sound for popular accessibility.
5: ...ed, she made one of her final television appearances on ''[[The Flip Wilson Show]]''. Jackson died the... - Janis Joplin (8673 bytes)
2: ...sh; [[October 4]], [[1970]]) was an American [[blues]]-influenced [[rock and roll|rock]], [[R&B]], and...
4: ...r completed a degree. There, she began singing blues and [[folk music]] with friends.
6: ...yled herself in part after her female blues heroines, and in part after the [[beat poet]]s. She left T...
8: ...m being withheld until after their subsequent success.
10: ...one of the leading musical stars of the late Sixties. - Joni Mitchell (9996 bytes)
1: ...oni Mitchell, on the cover of her album ''Both Sides Now'']]
3: ...] and [[jazz]], to become one of the most highly respected [[singer-songwriter]]s of the late [[20th c...
5: ...xplain the unique texture to her voice, which was especially prominent in her later albums.
7: ... by other artists, "Chelsea Morning" and "Both Sides Now".
9: ...her stardom and its costs, both in terms of its pressure and of the loss of privacy and freedom it ent... - Music (16462 bytes)
1: ...age:Music_animation.gif|thumb|200px|Clip Art courtesy of
7: ==Types of Musical Instruments==
16: ...ial location or the movement in space of sounds, gesture, and dance. [[Silence]] is also often conside...
18: ...ects included as music vary, their importance varies. For instance, melody and harmony are often consi...
20: ...c is heard, understood, even learned." <sup>[[#Notes|6]]</sup> - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...[[sheet music]]) to any organized sound(s). The question of what the art form called music actually co...
4: ...an any of the arts or sciences governed by the Muses.
8: In the European [[Middle Ages]], [[musica]] was part of the mathematical [[quad...
10: ...resulted the romantic idea of a music of the spheres.
12: ...—some of which are very much in vogue in [[Western society]] today. - Bassoon (11661 bytes)
2: ...rly the [[dulcian]], the bassoon is a part of orchestral, concert band, and chamber music literature. ...
6: ...t the end. However, there were only six finger-holes and two keys.
8: ...[Henry Purcell]]'s call for a "bassoon" in ''Dioclesian'' (1690) referring to the wooden double reed, ...
10: ...ased sophistication both in manufacturing techniques and acoustical knowledge made possible great impr...
14: ...=red>(2)</font>, a crooked metal tube which attaches wing joint to reed <font color=red>(1)</font> ({{... - Clarinet (18825 bytes)
2: ...ument]] in the [[woodwind]] family. The name derives from adding the suffix ''-et'' meaning ''little''...
4: ...t uses a single [[reed (music)|reed]] which vibrates to generate the instrument's sound. (See ''Charac...
11: ...d the instrument to be very agile; there are few restrictions to what it is able to play.
12: ...rge orchestras and bands rather than small ensembles.
15: ... is an octave above high C. This last range of notes is generally only used rarely, to achieve particu... - Bass clarinet (3454 bytes)
3: ...where a written C sounds as B flat), and plays notes an octave below the "normal" B flat clarinet and ...
5: ... body of the instrument. This cylindrical bore gives it the clarinet's dark tone and low pitch.
9: == Uses ==
10: ... part) of a musical piece, though they are sometimes given leading parts as well.
13: ...lgian manufacturer of musical instruments, first designed the straight-bodied form of the bass clarine... - Oboe (5230 bytes)
3: ...chure]] and air-pressure allows the player to express a huge range of emotions and moods.
9: ...tering the scrape of the reed itself. Subtle changes in pitch are also possible by adjusting the [[emb...
13: ...ether with the flute/recorder it is one of the oldest [[woodwind]] instruments.
15: ...e_oboe.jpg|right|thumbnail|60px|Baroque Oboe, Stanesby Copy]]
17: ...d are the German [[Denner]] and the English [[Stanesby]]. The range for the Baroque oboe extends from... - Recorder (12954 bytes)
1: ...re". This is similar to the functioning of the ancestors of the recorder, early folk [[whistle]]s.
3: ...ecorders in f' connected together by leather flanges: one instrument was voiced to play softly, the ot...
5: ...imilarly easy -- like other instruments, it requires talent and study to play it at an advanced level.
7: ...the Rolling Stones]], [[Jimi Hendrix]]. Prominent jazz musician [[Keith Jarrett]] has even recorded an e...
9: ...in Fl?in'' ("really small flute") in C, with a lowest note of c". An experimental 'piccolino' has also... - Sarrusophone (1431 bytes)
3: ... is similar to a saxophone, and it was made in sizes from sopranino to subcontrabass.
5: ...) and [[Arrigo Boito]]'s ''[[Nerone]]'' (1924). These parts are nowadays often played on the [[contrab...
7: A very unusual example of the sarrusophone in [[jazz]] is on the [[1924]] recording by [[Clarence Will...
9: ...on occasions. It had poor intonation and a sound less clear than that of the saxophone. - Saxophone (14311 bytes)
1: ...aritone saxophone, for example, can play lower notes than a tenor saxophone, and an [[octave]] lower t...
3: ..., but it was originally intended as both an [[orchestra]]l and [[military band]] instrument.
7: ...ng time it was relegated to military bands--this despite his great friendship with the influential Par...
9: ... his desires both tonally and technically and possessed a new level of flexibility. This would explai...
14: ...ommon than curved ones, and straight alto saxophones exist, though rare. There is some debate amongst... - Alto saxophone (1789 bytes)
2: ... soprano through baritone are commonly used. The less tubing an instrument has, the higher the instrum...
4: ...ost notes (the altissimo register), however, are less-frequently mastered.
8: ...y and is used commonly in concert, jazz, funk, blues, pop, and rock music.
10: ...amaha, Yanagisawa, and Jupiter. New alto saxophones range greatly in price from hundreds of dollars t... - Shakuhachi (6042 bytes)
1: [[Image:JapaneseShakuhachiSection.jpg|thumb|125px|A [[shakuhachi]],...
3: ...ead of being held transversely like the familiar Western [[transverse flute]]. It was used by the monk...
8: ...rom its size. It is a simple compound of two japanese words:
14: ...hakuhachi, the lower its tuning.) Although the sizes differ, they are all still referred to genericall...
16: ...e tuned to a [[pentatonic scale]] with no half-tones, but the player can bend each pitch as much as a ...
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