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- Persepolis (15450 bytes)
6: ...eyond dispute at least since the time of [[Pietro della Valle]].
8: ...y declared in its inscription to be the tomb of [[Darius Hystaspis]], concerning whom [[Ctesias]] relates ...
12: ..., if not his, then that of [[Darius III of Persia|Darius III]] (Codomannus), who is one of those whose bod...
16: [[Image:proskynesis.jpg|thumb|300px|Darius the Great]]
18: ...he city until it was taken and plundered by Alexander the Great. - Romania (19812 bytes)
1: ...is a country in southeastern [[Europe]]. It is bordered by [[Ukraine]] and [[Moldova]] in the northeas...
12: ...mer [[Kings of Romania|Royal]] motto: "Nihil Sine Deo" (Nothing without God)|
13: national_anthem = [[Desteapta-te, Romane!|Deşteaptă-te, Rom⮥!]] |
15: government_type = Democratic [[republic]] |
19: leader_titles = [[President of Romania|President]] <br> [[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minist... - Ancient Greece (23806 bytes)
2: '''''Ancient Greece''''' is the term used to describe the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]]-speaking world ...
4: ...ns use the term more precisely. Some writers include the periods of the [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]]...
6: ... the Ancient Greek period is the death of [[Alexander the Great]] in [[323 BC]]. The following period ...
10: ...ystems, philosophy, art and architecture of the modern world, particularly during the [[Renaissance]] ...
15: ... died in [[323 BC|323 BC]]. Subsequent events are described in [[History of Hellenistic Greece]]. - Alexander I of Macedon (1759 bytes)
1: '''Alexander I''' was ruler of [[Macedon]] from [[495 BC]] to...
3: ... Alexander eventually regained Macedonia's independence after the end of the [[Persian Wars]].
5: ... Games]], an honor reserved only for Greeks. He modeled his court after [[Athens]] and was a patron of...
7: In 450 he was succeeded by his son [[Perdiccas II of Macedon|Perdiccas I...
9: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" border="2" - Alexander the Great (42049 bytes)
2: ...erTheGreat_Bust.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bust]] of Alexander III in the [[British Museum]].]]
4: ... as the [[Middle-Persian]] literature as '''Alexander the Cursed''' due to his burning of the Persian ...
6: ...ady during his lifetime, and especially after his death, his exploits inspired a literary tradition in...
9: ...[Aristotle]] was Alexander's tutor; he gave Alexander a thorough training in rhetoric and literature a...
11: ...racles]] through [[Caranus]] and his mother descended from [[Aeacus]] through [[Neoptolemus]] and [[Ac... - Amyntas I of Macedon (1062 bytes)
2: tributary vassal of [[Darius Hystaspes]] of [[Iran|Persia]]. With him the his...
4: ...94; [[Junianus Justinus|Justin]] vii. 2; [[Thucydides]] ii. 100; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] ...
7: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" border="2"
9: | width="30%" align="center" | Preceded by:<br />'''[[Alcetas I of Macedon|Alcetas I]]''...
11: ...ceeded by:<br />'''[[Alexander I of Macedon|Alexander I]]''' - Cuneiform script (7588 bytes)
6: ==Development==
7: ...tating counter-clockwise all of the pictograms 90° in the process), and a new wedge-tipped stylus ...
9: ...iform tablets could be fired in [[kiln]]s to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if ...
11: ...ssyria]]ns to write their own languages and was widely used in [[Mesopotamia]] for about 3000 years, t...
13: ...nese]], written in a [[Chinese language|Chinese]] derived script; some of these Sinograms were used as... - Polo (10046 bytes)
3: ...atures successive periods called "chukkas", and riders score by driving a ball into the opposing team'...
10: ...is obscure and undocumented and there is ample evidence of the game's place in the history of [[Asia]]...
12: ...st accounts of polo in antiquity. The first recorded polo match occurred in roughly [[600 BC]] betwee...
16: ... in the golden age of Chinese classical culture under [[Ming-Hung]], the Radiant Emperor, who as an en...
22: ==Introduction to the Occident== - Scythia (22520 bytes)
3: ...time around 700 BC, settling in [[Ascania]] and modern [[Azerbaijan]] as far as to the southeast of [[...
5: ...hian tribes mentioned in mainly Greek sources resided in the steppe between the [[Dnieper]] and [[Don]...
7: ...ancient Indo-European word for ''archer'' in turn derives from the [[Proto-Indo-European]] root *'''sk...
13: ... of the "Pazyryk culture" - including the "Ice Maiden" of the [[5th century BC]]. (see below)
21: ...s to account for the origin of the Scythians, nor details of how they migrated to the Caucasus or [[Uk... - Babylonia (8254 bytes)
2: ...was an ancient [[state]] in [[Mesopotamia]] (in modern [[Iraq]]), combining the territories of [[Sumer...
5: ...He was a highly efficient ruler, famous for the code of laws that he laid down, and he gave the region...
7: ...e]] dynasty. Its cities continued for 100 years under different foreign rulers. Then, for some 500 yea...
11: ...ldean the following year. With help from the [[Medes]], [[Niniveh]] was sacked in 612, and the seat o...
13: ...on|Nebuchadnezzar II]], whose reign of 43 years made Babylon once more the mistress of the civilized w... - Babylon (9716 bytes)
4: ...name is the Greek form of ''[[Babel]],'' which is derived in turn from the [[Semitic]] form ''bab-Illu...
8: ...tury BC]] [[short chronology|short chr.]]), who made it the capital of his empire. Over the years its ...
10: ...syrian rule under [[Mushezib-Marduk]] and again under [[Shamash-shum-ukin]] but was besieged and taken...
14: [[Image:Babylon relief.jpg|right|thumb|Detail of the Ishtar Gate]]
16: ...lder son [[Shamash-shum-ukin]], who eventually headed a revolt against his brother [[Assur-bani-pal]] ... - Persian Empire (26229 bytes)
1: ... name, Iran. Some Persian scholars protested this decision because changing the name separated the cou...
4: ...n the south of Iran, called ''[[Fars]]'' in the modern [[Persian language]] and ''Pars'' in [[Middle P...
11: ...9 BC. Eventually the Medes came to rule an independent Median Empire, and the Persians were subject to...
13: ...nt region of [[Anshan (Persia)|Anshan]]. Teispes' descendants branched off into two lines, one line ru...
15: ...r, the king promised not to terrorize Babylon nor destroy its institutions and culture. Cyrus was kill... - Greco-Persian Wars (5983 bytes)
3: ...sia Minor]] (546 BC) left the [[Ionia]]n Greeks under Persian rule, while the other Greeks were free, ...
5: ...ties sacked, although they were permitted to have democratic governments afterwards.
7: ... in the end the Athenians and [[Plataea]]ns alone defeated the Persians in the [[battle of Marathon]].
9: ...ek ships to flank and destroy them. Following the defeat, Xerxes and his fleet retired to Asia, where ...
11: ...eet commanded by the Spartan king [[Leotychides]] destroyed the remaining Persian fleet in the [[battl... - Cappadocia (7924 bytes)
4: ...an extensive inland district of [[Asia Minor]] (modern [[Turkey]]). In the time of [[Herodotus]] the C...
5: ...ia_03.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Cappadocia|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
6: ... great central salt lake. But it is impossible to define its limits with accuracy. [[Strabo]], the onl...
9: ...tional Central Anatolian Turkish House.Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
10: ...ual inscriptions of two early Achaemenid Kings, [[Darius I]] and [[Xerxes]], as one of the countries ([[Ol... - Ondes Martenot (2090 bytes)
2: ...bilities of the instrument were subsequently expanded by the addition of [[Electronic filter|filter]] ...
4: ...s included [[Pierre Boulez]], [[Edgar Var賥]], [[Darius Milhaud]], [[Arthur Honegger]] and [[Maurice Jarr...
5: ...]] frequently used it in his scores for [[Gerry Anderson]]'s series. It was also utilized by [[Bryan F...
7: ...he Thief]]'' (2003) albums. Greenwood uses the Ondes often in his solo effort, the soundtrack to ''[[...
10: *[http://www.keyboardmuseum.com/pre60/1920/ondes.html Keyboard Museum entry] - Timpani (31735 bytes)
3: ...ani mallet''. Unlike most drums, they produce a [[definite pitch]] when struck. Timpani evolved from [...
5: ...]] word ''tympanum'', from which the Italian word descends. A [[musician]] who plays the timpani is kn...
9: ...|Ninth Symphony]] highlights timpani as an independent voice.
18: ... typically made of copper or, in less expensive models, [[fiberglass]]. The drumhead is connected to a...
20: ...machined surface or rough surface with many small dents hammered into it. - Achaemenid dynasty (14622 bytes)
2: ...Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
3: ...yrus the Great | Cyrus II the Great]], [[Darius I|Darius the Great]] and [[Xerxes I]]. At the height of t...
5: ...lthough the Egyptians twice regained their independence from Persia. After the practice of [[Manetho]...
7: ...conquest, the Persian Empire was annexed by Alexander.
11: ...ambyses I of Anshan]] (''Kambūjiya'', "the Elder"), and [[Arsames]] (''Aršāma'' "Having... - Cuneiform (script) (7717 bytes)
6: ==Development==
7: ...tating counter-clockwise all of the pictograms 90° in the process), and a new wedge-tipped stylus ...
9: ...iform tablets could be fired in [[kiln]]s to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if ...
11: ...ssyria]]ns to write their own languages and was widely used in [[Mesopotamia]] for about 3000 years, t...
13: ...nese]], written in a [[Chinese language|Chinese]] derived script; some of these Sinograms were used as... - Elamite Empire (23098 bytes)
4: ...southwestern [[Iran]]. The Elamite period is considered to last from ca. [[2700 BC]] to [[539 BC]], wi...
5: ... Empire]] that succeeded it, and may thus be considered the starting point of the [[history of Iran]].
8: ...], where they are called the offspring of Elam, eldest son of [[Shem]] (see [[Elam (Hebrew Bible)]]).
10: ...n provincial name [[Khuzestan|Khuzestān]] is derived from the Old Persian root ''Hujiyā'', w...
13: ...ndus script|Harappan pictographs]] have yet to be deciphered. Several stages of the language are attes... - Igor Stravinsky (26622 bytes)
1: ...ombinations and classical forms. His oeuvre included everything from symphonies to [[piano]] miniatur...
10: ... St. Petersburg and dominated by his father and elder brother, Stravinsky's early childhood was a mix ...
12: ...d<nowiki>]</nowiki> them all to hell". (He succeeded: the 1913 première of ''Le sacre du print...
14: ...learn and explore art, literature, and life. This desire manifested itself in several of his Paris col...
17: ...rtner until his death, was his second wife [[Vera de Bosset]].
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