Soyuz TM-16
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| Mission Statistics | |
|---|---|
| Mission Name: | Soyuz TM-16 |
| Call Sign: | Вулка́н (Vulkan - Volcano) |
| Number of Crew Members: | 2 launched / 3 landed |
| Launch: | January 24, 1993 05:58:05 UTC Baikonur LC1 |
| Landing: | July 22, 1993 06:41:50 UTC 140 km S of Dzhezkazgan |
| Duration: | 179 days 00 hours 43 minutes 45 seconds |
| Number of Orbits: | ~2,790 |
Crew
Launched:
- Gennadi Manakov (2)
- Alexander Poleshchuk (1)
Landed:
- Gennadi Manakov (2)
- Alexander Poleshchuk (1)
- Jean-Pierre Haigneré (1) - France
Mission Parameters
- Mass: 7150 kg
- Perigee: 393 km
- Apogee: 394 km
- Inclination: 51.6°
- Period: 92.4 minutes
Mission Highlights
16th expedition to Mir.
First Soyuz without a probe and drogue docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 androgynous docking unit different from the APAS-75 unit used for ASTP in 1975, yet similar in general principles. Soyuz-TM 16 used it to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by space shuttles with Mir.