Soviet revolutionary calendar
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The Soviet revolutionary calendar was in use in the USSR from 1929 to 1940.
Shortly after the Russian Revolution, Vladimir Lenin had decreed to change the calendar in the Soviet Union from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. This change involved bypassing the days from February 1 until February 13 1918.
Starting on October 1 1929 a new rationalized version of the calendar was introduced. In this version, all months had 30 days and the remaining five days were added as holidays in between, not belonging to any month or week. These days were:
- Lenin day after January 30
- Labour Days, two days after April 30
- Industry Days, two days after November 7
- in leap years, a leap day after February 30
Also, as an anti-religious measure, the seven-day week was abolished and replaced with a five-day week, to banish the Christian Sunday as day of rest. Instead, all workers were divided into five groups according to colour (yellow, pink, red, purple, green), and each group had one of the remaining weekdays as their day of rest. The intention was to improve industrial efficiency by avoiding the regular interruption of a non-working day.
Although workers had more days off work under the new system (one day in five instead of one day in seven), the separation into five groups made family and social life inconvenient and proved very unpopular. In addition, the projected efficiency gains of the shorter week did not show up in reality.
Starting December 1, 1931, the Western schedule of month lengths was restored. The weekly cycle was left in place, but modified to give a common day of rest on every 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. The 31st was kept outside this six-day week cycle and varied between a holiday and a working day.
In practice the Sunday rest tradition proved hard to do away with, with workers often taking both Sunday and the new day of rest. Finally, in 1940, the old seven day week was restored.
Sources
- The Oxford Companion to the Year. Bonnie Blackburn & Leofranc Holford-Strevens. Oxford University Press 1999. ISBN 0192142313. Pages 688-689.wa:Calindrî revolucionåre sovietike
de:Sowjetischer Revolutionskalender fr:calendrier révolutionnaire soviétique ja:ソビエト連邦暦 zh:苏维埃革命历法