Sedenion

The sedenions form a 16-dimensional algebra over the reals obtained by applying the Cayley-Dickson construction to the octonions.

Like octonions, multiplication of sedenions is neither commutative nor associative. But in contrast to the octonions, the sedenions do not even have the property of being alternative. They do, however, have the property of being power-associative.

The sedenions have a multiplicative identity element 1 and multiplicative inverses, but they are not a division algebra. This is because they have zero divisors.

Every sedenion is a real linear combination of the unit sedenions 1, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14 and e15, which form a basis of the vector space of sedenions. The multiplication table of these unit sedenions looks as follows.

× 1 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8 e9 e10 e11 e12 e13 e14 e15
1 1 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8 e9 e10 e11 e12 e13 e14 e15
e1 e1 -1 e3 -e2 e5 -e4 -e7 e6 e9 -e8 -e11 e10 -e13 e12 e15 -e14
e2 e2 -e3 -1 e1 e6 e7 -e4 -e5 e10 e11 -e8 -e9 -e14 -e15 e12 e13
e3 e3 e2 -e1 -1 e7 -e6 e5 -e4 e11 -e10 e9 -e8 -e15 e14 -e13 e12
e4 e4 -e5 -e6 -e7 -1 e1 e2 e3 e12 e13 e14 e15 -e8 -e9 -e10 -e11
e5 e5 e4 -e7 e6 -e1 -1 -e3 e2 e13 -e12 e15 -e14 e9 -e8 e11 -e10
e6 e6 e7 e4 -e5 -e2 e3 -1 -e1 e14 -e15 -e12 e13 e10 -e11 -e8 e9
e7 e7 -e6 e5 e4 -e3 -e2 e1 -1 e15 e14 -e13 -e12 e11 e10 -e9 -e8
e8 e8 -e9 -e10 -e11 -e12 -e13 -e14 -e15 -1 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7
e9 e9 e8 -e11 e10 -e13 e12 e15 -e14 -e1 -1 -e3 e2 -e5 e4 e7 -e6
e10 e10 e11 e8 -e9 -e14 -e15 e12 e13 -e2 e3 -1 -e1 -e6 -e7 e4 e5
e11 e11 -e10 e9 e8 -e15 e14 -e13 e12 -e3 -e2 e1 -1 -e7 e6 -e5 e4
e12 e12 e13 e14 e15 e8 -e9 -e10 -e11 -e4 e5 e6 e7 -1 -e1 -e2 -e3
e13 e13 -e12 e15 -e14 e9 e8 e11 -e10 -e5 -e4 e7 -e6 e1 -1 e3 -e2
e14 e14 -e15 -e12 e13 e10 -e11 e8 e9 -e6 -e7 -e4 e5 e2 -e3 -1 e1
e15 e15 e14 -e13 -e12 e11 e10 -e9 e8 -e7 e6 -e5 -e4 e3 e2 -e1 -1

Further reading

  • Carmody, Kevin: Circular and Hyperbolic Quaternions, Octonions and Sedenions, Applied Mathematics and Computation 28:47-72 (1988)
  • Carmody, Kevin: Circular and Hyperbolic Quaternions, Octonions and Sedenions - Further results, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 84:27-47 (1997)
  • Imaeda, K., Imaeda, M.: Sedenions: algebra and analysis, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 115:77-88 (2000)

Topics in mathematics related to quantity

Numbers | Natural numbers | Integers | Rational numbers | Constructible numbers | Algebraic numbers | Computable numbers | Real numbers | Complex numbers | Split-complex numbers | Bicomplex numbers | Hypercomplex numbers | Quaternions | Octonions | Sedenions | Superreal numbers | Hyperreal numbers | Surreal numbers | Nominal numbers | Ordinal numbers | Cardinal numbers | p-adic numbers | Integer sequences | Mathematical constants | Large numbers | Infinity
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