Racial purity
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The concept of racial purity is associated the belief that the various races of mankind should be kept "pure" by not permitting interbreeding.
This belief is associated with racism and attempted biological justifications for this concept are now regarded as entirely unscientific.
Miscegenation is a term for people of different human races producing offspring; it is used almost exclusively by those who believe such "race mixing" is inherently bad.
The racist and Anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws enacted by the Nazis in Germany against the large German Jewish community forbade marriages between the Jews (deemed as Untermenschen - "lower people") and German "Aryans" (deemed the Übermenschen - "higher people"). Some eugenics proponents in the US also considered preserving racial purity a goal of eugenics, to be reached by restricting immigration and banning inter-racial marriage.
Racial purity vs. Genetic diversity
While some people want to preserve the "racial purity", others think that, quite contrary, it is desirable to increase genetic diversity of human populations, arguing that it would increase the range of talents available to society. They also argue that it would improve the overall health of populations due to heterosis (or "hybrid vigor"), although no empirical evidence for this has been presented.