- In microeconomics, production is the act of making things, in particular the act of making products that will be traded or sold commercially.
- in national accounts and macro-economics, production is an activity by which transactors use inputs to produce outputs; more specifically, economic production is an activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses inputs of labor, capital, and goods and services to produce outputs of goods and services.
- In languages, linguistics, and in communications in general, a lexeme production can be as simple as a single word, a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph, or as complex as a work of rhetoric or persuasion, which demonstrates command of a language, its grammar, or other art. Thus an infant's language production may be a cry for assistance or nurture, a child's production might be a two-word sentence expressing some condition or statement of comprehension, a student's production might be a one-page essay, and a professional worker's production might be a one-act play. A lexeme need not be a spoken word; it might be a gesture, a mouse click, or other lexical token. But for convenience, an expression in sign language might also be considered to be an utterance, just as a mathematical expression or formula conveys mathematical meaning. Thus a lexeme production is subject to the grammar of a language, in the broad sense just stated.
- In theater, a production might be a play.
