Policy
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A policy is a plan of action for tackling political issues. It is often initiated by a political party in government, which undergoes reforms and changes by interested actors (for example, opposition parties and lobby groups). Policy designates a process. This process includes the elaboration of programs by different, usually public and private collective actors and the way the programs are then applied as concrete programs and actions. Policies in short can be understood as political and administrative mechanisms arranged around explicit goals. (Source: Müller, Pierre; Surel Yves: L'analyse des politiques publiques. Paris, 1998)
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Commerce
Insurance
In insurance, policies are contracts between and insurer and insured used to indemnify against potential loss from specified perils.
In illegal gambling
Policy is a form of an unsanctioned lottery, where players can purchase insurance against a chosen number being picked by a legitimate lottery.
Government and politics
Technology applications
In Artificial inteligence planning
In AI planning and reinforcement learning, a policy prescribes a non-empty deliberation (sequence of actions) given a non-empty sequence of states.
Types of policy include:
- causal (resp. non-causal)
- deterministic (resp. stochastic, randomized and sometimes non-deterministic)
- index
- memoryless (e.g. non-stationary)
- opportunistic (resp. non-opportunistic)
- stationary (resp. non-stationary)
These qualifiers can be combined, so for example you could have a stationary-memoryless-index policy.
Enterprise architecture
In enterprise architecture for systems design, policy appliances are technical control and logging mechanisms to enforce or reconcile policy (systems use) rules and to ensure accountability in information systems.