Patch (Unix)
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- The title of this article is incorrect because of technical limitations. The correct title is patch.
patch is a Unix computer program that applies textual difference between two programs and, more often, computer file or files containing such a difference, or diff files. The patch is typically an update meant to fix technical glitches like bugs or to improve the usability or the performance of the previous version of an application.
The original patch was written by Larry Wall, who also created the Perl programming language. patch is capable of applying various formats of diffs and has become quite popular among developers who frequently exchange a small change in programs with fellow programmers. patch has become especially popular within the free software community as it allows uninitiated developers to contribute to a project. Most open source projects are hosted on a public versioning system server from which everyone can download the source code. But for obvious security reasons, only the developers of the project can be trusted with write access. patch makes it possible for developers that do not have write access to develop the code on their own, make a patch out of it and send it to the main developers.
To apply a patch distributed as a diff-file, one could run the following command in a shell:
$ patch -p1 < name_of_patch.diff
This tells patch to apply the changes to the specified files described in the diff-file and to skip the first part of the path to the files in question. Patches are often made so that the base directory of the source code tree is included in the diff-file, but are patched from within the base directory of the source code tree, thereby requiring the '-p1' option.
Patches can be undone, or reversed, with the '-R' option:
$ patch -p1 -R < name_of_patch.diff
Ports of patch
Patch has been ported to Cygwin, MinGW and native Windows.