Nail (relic)
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Relics that are claimed to be the Holy Nails with which Christ was crucified are objects of veneration among some Christians. When Helena, mother of Constantine the Great discovered the True Cross in Jerusalem, the legend was told by and repeated by Sozomen and Theodoret that the Holy Nails had been recovered too. Helena left all but a few fragments of the Cross in the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, but returned with the nails to Constantinople. As Theodoret tells it in his ''Ecclesiastical History, chapter xvii,
- "The mother of the emperor, on learning the accomplishment of her desire, gave orders that a portion of the nails should be inserted in the royal helmet, in order that the head of her son might be preserved from the darts of his enemies398. The other portion of the nails she ordered to be formed into the bridle of his horse, not only to ensure the safety of the emperor, but also to fulfil an ancient prophecy; for long before Zechariah, the prophet, had predicted that 'There shall be upon the bridles of the horses Holiness unto the Lord Almighty.'"
One of the nails is said to have come to rest in the Iron Crown of Lombardy.
The Catholic Encyclopedia remarked that "Very little reliance can be placed upon the authenticity of the thirty or more holy nails which are still venerated, or which have been venerated until recent times, in such treasuries as that of Santa Croce in Rome, or those of Venice, Aachen, the Escurial, Nuremberg, Prague, etc. Possibly some had begun by professing to be facsimiles which had touched or contained filings from some other nail whose claim was more ancient. It is concievable that imitations in this way may have come in a very brief space of time to be reputed originals. The bridle of Constantine, for instance, is believed to be identical with a relic of this form which for several centuries has been preserved at Carpentras, but there is another claimant of the same kind at Milan. Similarly the diadem of Constantine is asserted to be at Monza, and it has long been known as "the iron crown of Lombardy." Simple fraud is also a possibility.
The question has long been debated whether Christ was crucified with three or four nails, and can hardly be answered with references to medieval treatises or ancient iconic traditions. The details can be followed, however in the Catholic Encyclopedia (see external link below). The belief that three nails were used is called Triclavianism.
External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Holy Nails: (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10672a.htm)pt:Pregos da cruz