Multicast address
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In computer networking a multicast address is an identifier for a group of hosts that have joined a multicast group.
IP Multicast Addresses
Within IP it is historically known as a class D address, a type of IP address. It ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 or 224.0.0.0/4. Address assignments out of this range are specified in the IETF 'best current practice' document (ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/bcp/bcp51.txt) also known as RFC 3171.
The 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 range is assigned to multicasting on the local LAN only. Well known examples are RIP which uses 224.0.0.9 and OSPF which uses 224.0.0.5.
The following table is a partial list of well-known Class D addresses that are reserved for IP multicasting and registered with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
| IP multicast address | Description |
|---|---|
| 224.0.0.0 | Base address (reserved) |
| 224.0.0.1 | The All Hosts multicast group that contains all systems on the same network segment |
| 224.0.0.2 | The All Routers multicast group that contains all routers on the same network segment |
| 224.0.0.5 | The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) AllSPFRouters address. Used to send OSPF routing information to all OSPF routers on a network segment |
| 224.0.0.6 | The OSPF AllDRouters address. Used to send OSPF routing information to OSPF designated routers on a network segment |
| 224.0.0.9 | The RIP Version 2 group address. Used to send RIP routing information to all RIP v2 routers on a network segment |
| 224.0.0.18 | Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol |
| 224.0.1.41 | H.323 Gatekeeper discovery address |
For a full and current listing of additional IP addresses that are reserved for multicasting, see the Internet Multicast Addresses Web site (http://www.iana.org/assignments/multicast-addresses).
The 233.0.0.0/8 range has been assigned by RFC 2770 as public multicast address space that is aligned along autonomous system number allocations. Each byte of the AS number corresponds to the second and third octets of the multicast address.
The 239.0.0.0/8 range has been assigned by RFC 2365 as a locally administered address space with local or organizational scope.
Ethernet Multicast Addresses
Some well known Ethernet multicast addresses:
| Ethernet multicast address | Type Field | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC | 0x0802 | CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol), VTP (Virtual Trunking Protocol) |
| 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CD | 0x0802 | SSTP address |
| 01-80-C2-00-00-00 | 0x0802 | Spanning Tree Protocol (for bridges) 802.1D |
| 03-00-00-20-00-00 | 0x0802 | IP Multicast Address (RFC1469) |
| 33-33-00-00-00-00 | 0x86DD | IPv6 Neighbor Discovery |
Complete list: http://www.cavebear.com/CaveBear/Ethernet/multicast.html