Mule Mountains
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The Mule Mountains are a north/south running mountain range located in the south-central area of Cochise County, Arizona. The highest peak, Mount Ballard, rises to 7,500 feet. Prior to mining operations commencing there, the mountains were heavily forested with large Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir and other conifers, but these were all cut down for housing needs, and to feed the furnaces for smelting the ore in Douglas, Arizona, approximately 20 due east. Now, the primary vegetation of the Mules consists of manzanita brush, juniper, lowland oaks and pines, and various grasses. To the east of the mountain range lies Sulphur Springs Valley, and the San Pedro River Valley to the west.
The terrain is very rough, with very steep slopes descending into deep canyons. Common wildlife species include mule and whitetail deer, javelina, various types of rodents, lizards and a wide variety of birds. The upper ridges of the mountains consist primarily of a very hard brecciate limestone, and it is very common to find fossils of clams and snails imbedded in them. Immediately to the east central area of the Mules lies the Lavender Pit, a large and very deep open pit copper mine dug and mined by the Phelps Dodge Corporation between 1951 through 1974. Over a billion tons of copper were extracted from the mine, along with significant quantities gold, silver and lead. Also, as a by-product of the mining operations, turquoise was also discovered, i.e., Bisbee Blue.
On the east central slope of the Mule Mountains can be found the Copper Queen Mine. In its days of production, (late 1800s – early 1900s) it was the richest copper deposit ever discovered, causing the accompanying town of Bisbee, Arizona to highly prosper, becoming the largest city between Saint Louis in the east, and San Francisco in the west for a short while. Much of the Mule Mountains are laced with mining tunnels dug in pursuit of the rich copper ore. Today, Bisbee (also known as the "mile-high city," at elevation 5,300 feet) is largely a tourist town and retirement community, offering a slow and comfortable lifestyle in a picturesque setting with moderate climate, nestled along the slopes of Tombstone Canyon in the heart of the Mules. There are currently no organized mining operations in effect in the Mule Mountains. Much of the east/southeastern area of the range is considered private property, owned by Phelps Dodge Corporation.
See also: List of mountain ranges