Mary Livermore
|
|
|
|
In 1839, she started a job as a tutor on a Virginia plantation, and after witnessing the cruel institution of slavery, she became an abolitionist. In 1842, she left the plantation to take charge of a private school in Duxbury, Massachusetts where she worked for three years.
She married Daniel P. Livermore, a Universalist minister in May, 1845, and in 1857, Livermore and her husband moved to Chicago where they became associate editors of the Universalist newspaper, New Covenant. She published a collection of nineteen essays entitled Pen Pictures in 1863. As a member of the Republican party, Livermore campaigned for Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 presidential election.
During the Civil War, she volunteered as an associate member of the United States Sanitary Commission. As agent of its North-western branch, she attended a council of the National sanitary commission at Washington in December 1862, organized many aid societies, visited army posts and hospitals, and in 1863, organized the North-western Sanitary Fair in Chicago which raised $70,000. President Lincoln donated his own copy of the Emancipation Proclamation, which was auctioned off at $10,000.
After the war she devoted herself to the promotion of woman's suffrage (along with Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe ) and the temperance movement, founding in Chicago in 1869 The Agitator, which in 1870, after she moved to Boston, was merged into the Woman's Journal, of which she was an associate editor until 1872.
Like many Universalists, she was interested in spiritualism, and following her husband's death in 1899, she became convinced that he had communicated with her through a medium. Livermore died in Melrose, Massachusetts.
The writings of Mary Livermore
The Children's Army (1844), temperance stories; Thirty Years Too Late (1848), a temperance story; A Mental Transformation (1848); Pen Pictures (1863), short stories; What Shall We Do With Our Daughters? and Other Lectures (1883); My Story of the War (1888); and The Story of My Life (1897). With Frances E. Willard, she edited A Woman of the Century: Biographical Sketches of Leading American Women (1893).
External links
- Article from PBS (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/grant/peopleevents/p_livermore.html)
- A Spartacus Schoolnet Biography (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAWlivermore.htm)
- Entry from the Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography (http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/livermorefamily.html)
- Article from the 1911 Encyclopedia (http://59.1911encyclopedia.org/L/LI/LIVERMORE_MARY_ASHTON.htm)