Marinol
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- Marinol is also a commercial name for an ethanol-based liquid fuel sold for use in portable stoves, sold under this name at least in Finland. This article is about a different chemical compound: a drug sold in the United States of America.
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Δ9-THC is a naturally occurring component of Marijuana.
Marinol is the only FDA-approved cannabinoid and is prescribed as an appetite stimulant, primarily for AIDS patients.
Many users complain that not only is the cost of Marinol greater than the cost of the amount of marijuana needed to produce the same effect, but it is also lacking in many of the properties of the whole plant, which contains hundreds of different cannabinoids. In addition, it takes over an hour to reach full effect, making it difficult to maintain an exact level of effect (which is important to most medical users), as well as making it useless to people suffering from nausea and vomiting, since they simply vomit it out before it has a chance to work.
Regulatory history
Since at least 1986, the trend has been for THC in general, and especially the Marinol preparation, to be downgraded to less and less stringently-controlled Schedules of controlled substances, in the U.S. and internationally.
On July 13, 1986, the Drug Enforcement Administration issued a Final Rule and Statement of Policy authorizing the "Rescheduling of Synthetic Dronabinol in Sesame Oil and Encapsulated in Soft Gelatin Capsules From Schedule I to Schedule II"(DEA 51 FR 17476-78). This permitted medical use of Marinol, albeit with the severe restrictions associated with Schedule II status. For instance, refills of Marinol prescriptions were not permitted.
At its 1045th meeting, on April 29, 1991, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in accordance with article 2, paragraphs 5 and 6, of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, decided that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (also referred to as delta-9-THC) and its stereochemical variants should be transferred from Schedule I to Schedule II of that Convention. This released Marinol from the restrictions imposed by Article 7 of the Convention[1] (http://www.ukcia.org/pollaw/lawlibrary/conventiononpsychotropicsubstances1971.html).
An abstract published in the April-June 1998 issue of the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs found that "Healthcare professionals have detected no indication of scrip-chasing or doctor-shopping among the patients for whom they have prescribed dronabinol"[2] (http://www.a1b2c3.com/drugs/mj017.htm). The authors suggested that Marinol had a low potential for abuse.
In 1999, Marinol was rescheduled from Schedule II to III of the Controlled Substances Act, reflecting a finding that THC had a potential for abuse less than that of LSD, cocaine, and heroin. This rescheduling comprised part of the argument for a 2002 petition for cannabis rescheduling in the United States, in which petitioner Jon Gettman noted, "Cannabis is a natural source of dronabinol (THC), the ingredient of Marinol™, a Schedule III drug. There are no grounds to schedule cannabis in a more restrictive schedule than Marinol™"[3] (http://www.drugscience.org/pt/b.htm).
At its 33rd meeting, the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Drug Dependence recommended transferring tetrahydrocannabinol to Schedule IV of the Convention, citing its medical uses and low abuse potential[4] (http://www.who.int/medicines/library/qsm/who-edm-qsm-2000-5/thc.doc). This would put THC in the Convention's least stringently-controlled Schedule.
External links
Reference
- Calhoun, S. R., Galloway, G. P., and Smith, D. E. (1998). Abuse potential of dronabinol (Marinol). Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 30, 187-196.
- DEA Moves Marinol To Schedule Three, But Leaves Marijuana in Schedule One. The Magic of Sesame Oil (http://www.marijuananews.com/marijuananews/cowan/dea_moves_marinol_to_schedule_th.htm), Richard Cowan, MarijuanaNews.Com.
- Petition to Reschedule Cannabis (Marijuana) per 21 CFR §1308.44(b) (http://www.drugscience.org/pt/b.htm), Filed October 9th, 2002 with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) by the Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis.