Marginalization
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Marginalisation or marginalization (US) refers in general to the overt or subvert acts and trends within societies whereby those perceived as lacking function or desirable traits are killed or otherwise excluded from existing systems of protectionism, thereby limiting their means for survival.
Marginalization has aspects in economic and political debate; of which some incarnations and policies have been fundamentally based on ideologies of marginalization. At the extremes this exclusion phenomenon may manifest as genocide and eugenics, to smaller social and economic hardships at the individual level. The deliberate or chosen marginalisation of people carries with it aspects of Social Darwinism and eugenics policy, and these varied sub-aspects often have specific terms. The macroscopic, society-driven aspects of marginalization are perhaps best described simply as "marginalization", though depending on the characteristics of each case, these tend to be described by more specific terms, many of which often describe the violent aspects of that marginalisation.
In the context of the term "marginalisation," common subjective terms can be better defined: "War," in essence is the incarnation of a macroscopic social violence, aimed at the marginalization of a perceived enemy. The "enemy," in essence, is the personification of a peer as posing a threat of marginalisation; hence, either by "their own choosing", or by a choice of targeted aggression, the "enemy" is a marginalised entity. Marginalisation is at the core of all general human social conflict issues, which in themselves have various terms for their aspects and incarnations: Racism, ethnism, .... etc. Eugenics was the name given to a set of "science"-based ideas that advocated for the marginalization (killing and deportation) of people deemed "inferior," by criteria of their race alone.
Within the Developed World, racial minorities, stand out as being the most marginalized groups. These groups tend to suffer greatly from the typical host of social ills; poverty, unemployment, poor education and poor health. In fact, much of the progressive reform of the last century has been driven by the need for societies to mitigate damaging internal unrest, by a deliberate reversing of previous trends that sought the political and social marginalisation of racial and political minorities and to a certain degree women.
In terms of free will, and self determination, (Note that "free will" and "self-reliance" are commonly used as politically weighted terms), "marginalisation" comes in two distinct forms; by the chosen action of the marginalised, and by the wants (or claimed needs) of the society. At one extreme end, those in the Third World, under impoverished conditions, through no choice of their own, being far removed from the protectionism that exists for people in the First World, are often left to die due to hunger, disease, and war.
Natural selection
See Natural selection The selection of species for survival occurs in nature, and to the aspect by which unsuited populations face extinction, the term "marginalization" can sometimes be used; though it tends to imply a deliberate intent.
Social Darwinism
See main article: Social Darwinism Social Darwinism in essence describes the policy of (or tendency to thus form) deliberate marginalization of minorities.
Conservatism and marginalization
The views of some people, often described as "conservative philosophy" are based on a concept that marginalization of other peoples is both a fact of life and therefore a necessary act. This view arises from the traditional and survivalist perception that 'limited resources means to limited supportability;' therefore 'by definition, self-preservation is inherently marginalizing' toward others. In essence, this relativist aspect of conservative thought extends from the individualist claim that 'better they perish than than I perish,' which itself scales by ethnic boundaries to the collectivist view of 'better they perish than we perish.'
"Conservatism" is a very subjective political term, has subsequently any number of variants; many conservatives describe themselves as "practicalists" and among those there are differing views of human marginalization as "practical" or not, depending on the context allowed in the hypothesis. Thus, for the above description, "conservatism" refers to those general political views which claim that human conflicts are unavoidable, and the circumstances on which those conflicts are based are unchangeable.