Mamie Clark
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Mamie Clark (1917-1983), along with her husband Kenneth Clark founded the Northside Center for Child Development in Harlem. They are known for their 1940s experiments using dolls to study children's attitudes about race which grew out of her master's degree thesis. She was the first African American woman (and only second African American after her husband) to receive a Ph.D. in psychology from Columbia University in 1943.
The Clarks testified as expert witnesses in Briggs v. Elliott, one of the cases that were later combined into the famous Brown v. Board of Education, the case in which the U.S. Supreme Court officially overturned racial segregation in public education.