Magical girlfriend
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Magical girlfriend (魔法彼女, mahou kanojo) is bishoujo character often associated with romantic comedy anime series. Ironically, the genre is said to ultimately have its origins in Japanese fandoms for the American sitcoms Bewitched and I Dream of Jeannie. As their name implies, magical girlfriends typically have unusual powers compared to normal people, magical or otherwise. They are slightly more prevalent as exclusive romantic interests to a lead (unlike harem anime), and usually have a more mature age and demeanor. They feature more heavily in seinen than shounen stories. While it would seem obvious that a magical girlfriend could also be called a magical girl, the term magical girl describes a distinct concept, and the two genres rarely, if ever, overlap.
Belldandy of Oh My Goddess is a popular example of a magical girlfriend.
Features
Many magical girlfriends are ultimately idealizations of girls the (male) audience would like, which someitmes produces mixed reactions in fangirls. They have great dedication to whatever work they do and whoever they have great affection for, although depending on the character's actual talents this can range from anything from a quite capable to being a well-meaning klutz. They usually have calm and demure personalities, which isn't always true of the other characters associated with them.
Some have little experience with mainstream life (especially the non-human examples) and are naive. On the other hand, this allows them to have few preconceptions and argueably makes them more openminded and empathic with others. They are usually considered emotionally insightful, seeing the good in others when most wouldn't and forgiving their shortcomings.