Lyman Beecher
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Lyman Beecher (October 12, 1775 - January 10, 1865) was a Presbyterian clergyman, abolitionist, and father of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, and Catherine Beecher. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. Beecher attended Yale, and graduated in 1797. He spent 1798 in Yale Divinity School under the tutelage of his mentor Timothy Dwight, and was ordained a year later, in 1799. He began his religious career in Long Island. He gained popular recognition in 1806, after giving a sermon concerning the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. He moved to Litchfield, Connecticut in 1810 and started to preach Calvinism. A few years later after moving to Boston's Hanover Church, he began preaching against Unitarianism, which he thought to be evil.
In 1832, Beecher became pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati (today, this congregation is Covenant-First Presbyterian Church), and the first president of Lane Theological Seminary where his mission was to train ministers to win the West for Protestantism. Beecher's term at the school came at a time when a number of burning issues, particularly slavery, threatened to divide the Presbyterian Church, the state of Ohio and the nation. In 1834, students at the school debated the slavery issue for 18 consecutive nights and many of them chose to adopt the cause of abolitionism. When Beecher opposed their "radical" position and refused to offer classes to African-Americans, a group of about 50 students (who became known as the "Lane Rebels") left the Seminary for Oberlin College. The events sparked a growing national discussion of abolition that contributed to the beginning of the Civil War.
Beecher stoked controversy by advocating "new measures" of evangelism that ran counter to traditional Calvinism understanding. These new measures were an outworking of the practice of evangelist Charles Finney, and for the time brought turmoil to churches all across America. Fellow pastor, Joshua Lacy Wilson, pastor of First Presbyterian (now, also a part of Covenant-First Presbyterian in Cincinnati) charged Beecher with heresy. Even though Beecher was exonorated by the Presbyterian church, he eventually resigned his post in Cincinnati and went back East to live with his son Henry in Brooklyn, New York in 1850. After spending the last years of his life with his children, he died in Brooklyn and was buried at Grove Street Cemetery, in New Haven, Connecticut.
External links
- The Beecher Tradition: Lyman Beecher (http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/digital/2001/beecher/lyman.htm)