Luis Donaldo Colosio
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Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta (10 February 1948 – 23 March 1994) was a Mexican politician who was murdered during a stop on his presidential campaign.
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Political history
Born into a family with a long political heritage in Magdalena de Kino, Sonora, Colosio Murrieta studied at the ITESM, after which he joined the PRI (1972). After that he went on to do postgraduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania in the USA and research work at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria before returning to Mexico. In 1979 he joined the Ministry of Budget and Planning under future president Carlos Salinas.
He was elected to Congress as the federal deputy for his hometown in 1985 and, in 1987, he was selected to serve on the PRI's National Executive Committee. In 1988 Carlos Salinas chose him as the campaign manager for his (successful, although suspicious) presidential campaign. In the same election, Colosio was elected to the Senate, representing Sonora.
In the early years of Salinas's presidency, Colosio served as the chairman of their party's National Executive Committee. In 1992, Salinas chose him to serve in his cabinet, in the newly created position of Social Development Secretary. In November 1993, the PRI announced that Colosio was to be its candidate for the upcoming presidential election.
Campaign for president
After a poor start, the spotlight focusing on former foreign minister Manuel Camacho Solís's negotiations with the EZLN guerrilla, Colosio appeared to get the traditional support of the political machine of the PRI. He was greeted by large crowds throughout his presidential campaign as all the PRI´s candidates before, but without very much enthusiasum since he was the official candidate. Since Mexico's constitution allows presidents to remain in power for only one term, and as a extralegal rule presidents hand picked their own successors (the party's first primary election in history took place in 1999), Colosio apparently enjoyed the president's favour, expressed in his famous declaration No se hagan bolas: el candidato es Colosio (Don't get it wrong: Colosio is the candidate).
Salinas' declaration was motivated by persistent rumours that government negotiator Manuel Camacho Solís, very visible by his handling of talks with the EZLN, would replace Colosio, who wasn't doing well in his campaign. Camacho let speculation grow for some time, but finally declared he wouldn't run for office, and would concentrate in the Chiapas situation instead. The day after Camacho´s statement, Colosio was killed.
Assassination
In the early evening of 23 March 1994, at a campaign rally in Lomas Taurinas, a poor neighborhood of Tijuana, Colosio was shot in the head from a distance of a few centimeters. He collapsed, and was subsequently rushed to the city's main hospital. His death was announced a few hours later.
Although the shooter, arrested at the site, never wavered from his story that he had acted alone, rumors still surround Colosio's assassination. The poor handling of the shooter by the authorities, who shaved, bathed and gave him a prison haircut before showing him to the media, started rumours about whether that man, who looked so different to the one arrested, was really the murderer. Colosio received three bullet wounds, and it was never clear if they could have been done by a single person. The case has been officially closed after many different prosecutors investigated it, but after the many mishandlings of the investigation and contradictory versions, the controversy continues.
Blame was initially laid at the feet of aforementioned Manuel Camacho Solís, allegedly very upset at having been passed over as Salinas successor. The finger of suspicion also pointed in the direction of organized crime, particularly the Tijuana drug cartel. With the passage of time, however, the most persistent rumor, not induced but maybe magnificated later by Zedillo, enemy of Salinas being president and beneficiary of Colosio´s death, is that Colosio was shot on the orders of Salinas himself, because of a speech Colosio gave, talking about the Mexico´s people "thirst" for justice and future. According to this rumour Salinas felt those words were a break-off between Colosio and him. The material murderer, Mario Aburto, is imprisoned at the high-security La Palma facility.
Aftermath
With only four months before the election, the PRI found itself hamstrung by the constitutional requirement that no presidential candidate can hold public office during the six months immediately prior to the election; this effectively disqualified the entire cabinet, where most of the more promising replacements were. Of the few potential candidates available, Salinas eventually chose Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, who had resigned as education minister to serve as Colosio's campaign manager, because Manlio Fabio Beltrones, a very close collaborator of the murdered candidate, showed a video where Colosio praised Zedillo. This stroke of luck for Zedillo, who would have never been a candidate under normal circumstances, gave raise to even more rumours.
A year after Colosio's assassination, his wife, Laura Riojas, died of cancer. Two children, now being cared for by relatives, survived. Colosio's father is still determined to uncover what he suspects are hidden truths behind his son's murder and, in 2004, he published a book about the case.
Colosio in popular culture
The first motion picture about the incident will premičre in Mexico in April 2005. Initially a home videofocusing on politicians and drug lords, produced by a small company, it was professionally post-produced for theatrical release and the storyline heavily oriented towards political satire, filming new scenes as needed. The title was changed from the highly offensive Se chingaron al candidato (Coloso) ("They fucked the candidate (Colossus, in spanish sounding near to Colosio)") to "Magnicidio – Complot en Lomas Taurinas ("Magnicide – Conspiracy in Lomas Taurinas"). While the movie makes no attempt at historical accuracy, it remains the only finished project about Colosio, after all other attempts by Mexican and foreign directors (like Oliver Stone) were cancelled in the early stages. A dubbed version in English was simultaneously made for the international market. The main song in this movie by Diamante Films is performed by Delasónica, an alternative Spanish-language rock band from Colima, Colima. The song is called "Punto y Aparte". The rest of the musical score is by Gustavo Ramírez Reyes.es:Luis Donaldo Colosio nl:Luis Donaldo Colosio