- Lucifer is the name of the primary fallen angel, and is sometimes applied to the Devil.
- Saint Lucifer was a bishop in the 4th century Christian church.
- Lucifer was a term once applied to matches tipped with a mixture of potassium chlorate and antimony sulphide, inflamed by friction on a piece of emery paper. These were superseded by a variety of mixtures containing phosphorus. This is still the Dutch (and British slang) name for matches.
- Lucifer is a comic book character in an ongoing series published by DC Comics' Vertigo line.
- Lucifer is a comic book supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe.
- Lucifer is a block cipher which was the forerunner to the Data Encryption Standard.
- Lucifer is the name of the sun formed of Jupiter in the novel 2010: Odyssey Two by Arthur C. Clarke. Its orbit around the Sun, while too distant from Earth to provide much useful heat, virtually eliminates a dark night on Earth.
- Lucifer is the religious and cultural term for nuclear war or weaponry used in the post-Apocalyptic society depicted in A Canticle for Leibowitz by Walter M. Miller, Jr.
- Lucifer is the King of Hell in the Japanese comic book series Angel Sanctuary. The term "Satan" is used as a title for his chief vassals, who represent the Seven Deadly Sins.
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