List of named ethnic enclaves in North American cities
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This is a list of ethnic enclaves in North American cities. The term ethnic enclave when used in the context of North American cities, has a slightly different meaning than it does when used elsewhere. The formal use of enclave implies a community or population that is essentially trapped within walls and completely surrounded by an unfriendly population or government. In the United States and Canada, the term refers to communities, often of recent immigrants, who have voluntarily chosen to cluster together in a neighborhood, district or suburb. Historically, the clustering may have been involuntary, due to housing discrimation which prevented members of ethnic or religious minorities from settling in more prosperous parts of town.
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About
To city residents who are not part of the community, the area is usually a dining and shopping destination and source of "authentic" ethnic food and groceries, such as Chinese cuisine in Chinatowns and Italian restaurants in Little Italys.
Certain ethnic enclaves may also be promoted as tourist attractions for revenue, sometimes by community business leaders. Services and goods in the area are oriented toward the ethnic group, and the lingua franca for business and social exchanges in the area is the native language of the group. Street signs and business signage may be in the native language or in multiple languages, such as street signs in English and Chinese in Chinatowns. English is also used when conducting transactions with customers outside—even within (especially with American-born descendants of ethnic immigrants)—the ethnic group.
Ethnic enclaves may also be sources of imported goods not easily found or sold in mainstream American retail outlets; for example, Japanese-language popular culture items may be sold in Little Tokyo, Hong Kong cinema Video CDs can be purchased in Chinatown and Bollywood blockbuster DVDs can be found in Little India.
Jewish enclaves may be enclosed in an eruv while Muslim enclaves may have loudspeakers to announce the calls to prayer.
European enclaves are somewhat more common in the North and East; Asian enclaves are somewhat more common in the West.
List by world region
Asian (East and South)
- Asia District, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
- Asia West, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
- Chinatowns
- Chinatown, Chicago, Chicago, United States
- Chinatown, Houston, Texas, United States
- Chinatown, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
- Chinatown, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Chinatown, Manhattan, New York, United States
- Chinatown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Chinatown, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Chinatown, Oakland, California, United States
- Chinatown, San Francisco, California, United States
- Chinatown, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Chinatown, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Chinatown, Washington, DC, United States
- Quartier Chinois, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Little Calcutta, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Little Indias
- Little India, Artesia, California, United States (Hindu)
- Little India, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Little India, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Sikh)
- Little Manila
- Little Manila, Stockton, California, United States
- Little Manila, Carson, California, United States
- Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles California, United States
- Little Taipei, California
- Koreatowns
- Koreatown, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Koreatown, Manhattan, New York, United States / Little Korea, New York City, United States
- Koreatown, Oakland, California, United States
- Japantowns (J-towns)
- Japantown, San Francisco, California, United States
- Japantown, San Jose, California, United States
- Japantown, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Little Phnom Penh, South Bay, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Little Saigon (Various: California, Texas, Washington, Oklahoma)
- Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Thai Town, Los Angeles, California, United States
European
- Andersonville, Chicago, Illinois, United States (historic; Swedish)
- Astoria, New York, New York, United States (Greek)
- Basque Block, Boise, Idaho, United States
- Bensonhurst, Brooklyn (Italian)
- Beverly, Chicago (Irish)
- Bridgeport, Chicago (Irish)
- Cabbagetown, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (historic; Irish)
- Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn, New York (Italian)
- Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, New York (Italian)
- Commercial Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (European, South American multiethniculturalism)
- Canaryville, Chicago (Irish)
- Charlestown, Boston (Irish)
- Corktown (Irish)
- Corktown, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corktown, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Dogtown, St. Louis (Irish)
- Dorchester, Boston (Irish)
- Frog Hollow, Hartford, Connecticut, United States (French-speaking when named, but African-American and Hispanic in late 20th century)
- Garfield Ridge, Chicago (Polish)
- German Village, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn (Irish)
- Greektowns
- Greektown, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Greektown, Chicago Illinois, United States
- Greektown, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Greektown, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York (Polish)
- Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan (Irish)
- Italian Market, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Irish Channel, New Orleans (Irish)
- Jackowo, Chicago, Illinois, United States (Polish)
- Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, Ohio (Irish)
- Lithuania Plaza, Chicago (Lithuanian)
- Little Athens, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Little Germany, New York (historic, ceased to exist after the General Slocum disaster in 1904)
- Little Italys
- Little Italy, Manhattan, New York City, United States
- Little Italy, Syracuse, Syracuse, United States
- Little Italy, Toronto, Toronto Canada
- Little Italy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- North Beach, San Francisco, California (Little Italy)
- Petite Italie, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Little Italy, Baltimore, Maryland
- Little Italy, San Diego, California
- Little Italy of the Bronx, New York, New York
- Little Italy, Cleveland
- Little Odessa, New York City, United States (Russian)
- Little Portugals
- Mount Greenwood, Chicago (Irish)
- Poletown, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Slavic Village, Cleveland, Ohio, United States (Polish)
- Southie, Boston (Irish)
- Tipperary Hill, Syracuse, New York, United States (Irish)
- Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York, United States (historically Polish)
- Woodlawn, Bronx (Irish)
- Woodside, Queens (Irish)
Middle Eastern and Central Asian
- Assyrian District, northern Chicago, United States
- Dearborn, Michigan (Arab)
- Little Armenia
- Little Armenia, Watertown, Massachusetts, United States
- Little Armenia, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California, United States
- Little Kabul, Fremont, California
- Little Persia, Los Angeles, California, United States (Iranian)
Latin American and Caribbean
- Loisaida on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York, New York, United States (Hispanic in late 20th century)
- Little Havana, Miami, Florida, United States
- Little Haiti, Miami, Florida, United States
- Mexicantown, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- The Mission, San Francisco, California, United States (Hispanic)
- Pico-Union, Los Angeles, California, United States (Greek in mid 20th century, predominately Central American Hispanic today)
- Spanish Harlem, New York, New York, United States
- Washington Heights, New York, New York, Dominicans
- Jackson Heights, Queens, New York, formerly Colombians, now generic South American and Mexican population
Et al.
- Black Bottom, Detroit, Michigan, United States (historic)
- Chaldean Town, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Commercial Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (European, South American multiethniculturalism)
- International District, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Little Canada, Minnesota, United States (town populated by French Canadian-origin Americans)
- Little Ethiopia, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Petite-Patrie, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Pilsen, Chicago, Illinois, United States (Czech when named, but Hispanic in late 20th century)
See also
External link
- Little Italys around the World (http://www.comunesofitaly.org/LittleItalys.htm)