Light cruiser
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A light cruiser is a warship that is not so large and powerful as a regular (or heavy) cruiser, but still larger than ships like destroyers. They were first built in Britain with Mercury in 1879, and gradually became faster and more powerful, with greater numbers of uniform size main guns. Germany took the lead in light cruisers in the 1890s, building a class of fast cruisers copied by other nations.
By World War I, British light cruisers often had either two 6 inch (152 mm) and perhaps eight 4 inch (100 mm) guns, or a uniform armament of 6 inch (152 mm) guns, while German cruisers progressed during the war from 4.1 inch (105 mm) to 5.9 inch (150 mm) guns.
In the Washington Naval Arms Limitation Treaty of 1920, light cruisers were defined as cruisers having guns of 6.1 inch (155 mm) or smaller, with heavy cruisers defined as cruisers having guns of up to 8 inch (203 mm).
In the World War II era, light cruisers had guns ranging from 5 inch (127 mm) to 6.1 inch (155 mm), the most common size being 6 inch (152 mm), while heavy cruisers usually had a battery of 8 inch (203 mm) guns. This was a significant difference in destructive power, since 8 inch (203 mm) shells were over twice the weight of 6 inch (152 mm) shells. Light cruisers were nevertheless useful for fire-support and as fleet escorts, and heavily used.
Four light cruisers are still in existence: HMS Belfast (1938) in London, HMS Caroline in Belfast External site (scroll down) (http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/caroline_class.htm) External site (http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/static/pages/2474.html) USS Little Rock (Buffalo, NY), and Colbert (Bordeaux). Similar ships include the protected cruisers Aurora (St Petersburg), part of Puglia (Italy) and Olympia.
Light cruisers of the United States Navy
In the United States Navy, light cruisers have the hull classification symbol CL. Both heavy cruisers and light cruisers were classified under CL after 1931, hence there are some missing hull numbers.
| United States Navy | ||
|---|---|---|
| Hull Number1 | Class | Years in service |
| CL-1 to CL-3 | Chester | 1908–1930 |
| Cl-4 to CL-13 | Omaha | 1923–1949 |
| CL-14 | Not Assigned, intended for USS Chicago | |
| CL-15 | USS Olympia | 1895–1957 |
| CL-16 to CL-21 | Denver | 1903–1933 |
| CL-22 | USS New Orleans | 1898–1930 |
| CL-23 | USS Albany | 1900–1930 |
| CL-40 to CL-43, CL-46 to CL-48 | Brooklyn | 1937–1992 |
| CL-49 and CL-50 | St. Louis | 1930–1951 |
| CL-51 to CL-54 | Atlanta | 1941–1959 |
| CL-55 to CL-67, CL-76 to CL-94, CL-99 to CL-105 | Cleveland Note: nine Cleveland-class cruisers were converted to Independence-class aircraft carriers | 1942–1971 |
| CL-95 to CL-98 | Oakland | 1943–1966 |
| CL-106 to CL-118 | Fargo | 1945–1970 |
| CL-119 to CL-121 | Juneau | 1946–1966 |
| CL-144 to CL-147 | Worcester | 1948–1970 |
| CL-154 to CL-159 | abortive 1945 antiaircraft cruiser project | none built |
| CLGN-160 (to CGN-160 and then to CGN-9) | USS Long Beach | 1961–1995 |