Legislative Council
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A Legislative Council in British constitutional thought is the second-to-top tier of a government led by a Governor-General, Governor or a Lieutenant-Governor, inferior to an Executive Council and equal to or superior to a Legislative Assembly. Though the Legislative Council should in theory operate as a legislature of a governorate (not necessarily a colony) with either appointed or elected members or both, the separate development of governments in the British Empire and Commonwealth has seen the Councils evolve in to many different forms.
Where the Legislative Council functions purely as a legislature
- Legislative Council of Brunei (unelected, now dissolved)
- Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Where the Legislative Council has assumed extra functions
Usually in this case the Legislative Council functioned as an Upper House or second chamber of a bicameral legislature operating under the Westminster System. The inferior chamber/Lower House is sometimes called the Legislative Assembly, except in the Isle of Man, where it is the House of Keys, and in the Australian states of South Australia and Tasmania, where it is the House of Assembly.
- Australia:
- The New South Wales Legislative Council
- The Queensland Legislative Council (abolished in 1922)
- The South Australian Legislative Council
- The Tasmanian Legislative Council
- The Victorian Legislative Council
- The Western Australian Legislative Council.
- Bermuda: the Bermuda Legislative Council (renamed the Senate in 1980).
- Canada:
- The Legislative Council of Manitoba (abolished in 1876)
- The Legislative Council of Newfoundland (abolished as part of the Commission of Government in 1934)
- The Legislative Council of New Brunswick (abolished in 1892)
- The Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island (abolished in 1893)
- The Legislative Council of Nova Scotia (abolished in 1928)
- The Legislative Council of Quebec (abolished in 1967)
- The Legislative Council of Upper Canada (Ontario) (abolished prior to Confederation)
- India: in 5 of India's 28 states (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Jammu and Kashmir), the Legislative Council serves as the upper house of a bicameral legislature.
- Isle of Man: the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man.
- New Zealand: the New Zealand Legislative Council (abolished in 1951).