Lautari
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Lăutari are traditional Roma musicians (not to be confused with Romanians) performing in Romania.
Lăutari generally live in the countryside and are, to some degree, peasants. As performers, they are usually loosely organized into a group known as a taraf, which often consists largely of the males of an extended family. (There are female lăutari, mostly vocalists, but they are far outnumbered by the men.) Each taraf is led by a primaş, a primary soloist.
The music of the lăutari establishes the structure of the elaborate Romanian peasant weddings, as well as providing entertainment (not only music, but magic tricks, stories, bear training, etc.) during the less eventful parts of the ritual. The lăutari also function as guides through the wedding rituals and moderate any conflicts that may arise during what can be a long, alcohol-fueled party. Over a period of nearly 48 hours, this can be very physically strenuous.
Following custom almost certainly dating back at least to the Middle Ages, most lăutari rapidly spend the fees from these wedding ceremonies on extended banquets for their friends and families over the days immediately following the wedding.
Since the early nineteenth century, and especially in the days before sound recording, lăutari kept alive various genres of Romanian music, not all of them of Roma origin, that might otherwise have been lost. Most of their songs have lyrics in Romanian, but some have all or part of their lyrics in Romany, a language specific to the Roma people.
Instruments often played by lăutari were\are
- Violin
- Stroh Violin
- Contra Violin
- Upright Bass
- Cobza (A lute\mandolin-like instrument)
- Taragot or later the Clarinet
- Brass Instruments
and a little later in history,
- The Accordion
See also
- Roma music
- Klezmorim (Jewish lăutari-like musicians)
References
- Speranţa Rădelescu and Adrian Solomon's liner notes for the album "Outlaws of Yore" by Taraful Haiducilor.fr:Lautari