Komi Republic
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- For other uses, see Komi.
The Komi Republic (Russian: Респ́ублика Ко́ми; Komi: Коми Республика) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). The direct transliteration of the republic's name is Respublika Komi.
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Geography
The republic is located to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-west of the East European Plain.
Forests cover over 70% of the territory of the republic, and swamps cover approx. 15%. 32,800 km² of tundra in the Northern Ural mountains are covered by the Virgin Komi Forests, the first natural UNESCO World Heritage site in Russia and the largest expanse of virgin forests in Europe.
- Area: 415,900 km².
- Borders:
- internal: Nenetsia (NW/N), Yamalia (NE/E), Khantia-Mansia (E), Sverdlovsk Oblast (SE), Perm Oblast (S), Permyakia (S), Kirov Oblast (S/SW), Arkhangelsk Oblast (W).
- Highest point: Mount Narodnaya (1,894 m)
- Maximum N->S distance: 785 km.
- Maximum E->W distance: 695 km.
LocationKomiRepublic.png
Time zone
The Komi Republic is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).
Rivers
Major rivers include:
Lakes
There are many lakes in the republic. Major lakes include:
Natural Resources
The republic's natural resources include coal, oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, and more.
Climate
Winters in the republic are long and cold, and the summers, while short, are quite warm.
- Average January temperature: -17°C (southern parts) to -20°C (northern parts)
- Average July temperature: +11°C (northern parts) to +15°C (southern parts)
- Average annual precipitation: 625 mm
Administrative division
- Main article: Administrative division of the Komi Republic.
Demographics
The republic's native inhabitants are the Finnic Komi, or Komi-Zyryans, who account for ~25% of the republic's population. Russians account for 58% of the population.
- Population: 1,018,674 (2002)
- Urban: 766,587 (75.3%)
- Rural: 252,087 (24.7%)
- Male: 488,316 (47.9%)
- Female: 530,358 (52.1%)
- Females per 1000 males: 1,086
- Average age: 34.5 years
- Urban: 33.7 years
- Rural: 36.8 years
- Male: 32.3 years
- Female: 36.8 years
- Number of households: 381,626 (with 992,612 people)
- Urban: 289,854 (with 749,329 people)
- Rural: 91,772 (with 243,283 people)
History
A northernmost portion of European Russia, Komi was an unspoiled land throughout most of history, dwelt in only by nomadic native peoples.
The territory of the republic was most intensely settled in the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th centuries. The autonomous oblast of Komi-Zyryans was established on August 22, 1929, and on December 5 of the same year it was reorganized into an ASSR.
Many of the "settlers" who came in the early 20th century were prisoners of the Gulag who were sent by the hundreds of thousands to perform forced labor in the Arctic regions of the USSR. Towns sprang up around labor-camp sites, which were initially carved out of the untouched tundra and taiga by gangs of prisoners.
The Komi Republic in its modern form was established on May 26, 1992.
Politics
The head of government in Komi Republic is the Head of the Republic. As of 2004, the head of the republic is Vladimir Alexandrovich Torlopov, who was elected in December of 2001.
Economy
Komi Republic's major industries include oil processing, timber, woodworking, and electric power industries. Major industrial centers are Syktyvkar, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.
Transportation
Railroad transportation is very well developed. The most important railroad line is Kotlas-Vorkuta-Salekhard, which is used to ship most goods in and out of the republic. The rivers Vychegda and Pechora are navigable. There are airports in Syktyvkar, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.
In 1997, total railroad trackage was 1,708 km, automobile roads—4,677 km.
Education
There are over 450 secondary schools in the republic (with ~180,000 students). The most important higher education facilities include Syktyvkar State University and Ukhta State Technical University.
Related articles
External links
- Official site of the Republic of Komi (http://www.rkomi.ru) (in Russian)
- Official site of the Syktyvkar State University) (http://www.syktsu.ru/english) (in English)
- Official site of the Syktyvkar State University) (http://www.syktsu.ru) (in Russian)
- Official site of the Ukhta State Technical University (http://uii.sever.ru) (in Russian)
- Map of the Komi Republic (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~bergmann/russia/regions/rus11ko.htm) (in English)
Template:Russian federal subjectsde:Republik Komi et:Komi Vabariik eo:Komiio fi:Komi nl:Komi ja:コミ共和国 kv:Коми республика pl:Republika Komi ru:Коми sv:Komi, Ryssland