July 9
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July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining.
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Events
- 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed emperor of the western Roman Empire.
- 1357 5:31 AM - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor assisted laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague
- 1540 - Henry VIII of England annulled his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.
- 1749 - Naval settlement of Halifax, Nova Scotia founded as British answer to Louisbourg.
- 1755 - French and Indian War: Braddock Expedition - British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat to French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.
- 1789 - In Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution.
- 1790 - Russo-Swedish War: Second Battle of Svensksund - In the Baltic Sea, the Swedish navy captures one third of the Russian fleet.
- 1793 - Act Against Slavery passes in Upper Canada and importation of slaves into Lower Canada is prohibited.
- 1815 - Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prince de Benevente becomes Prime Minister of France
- 1816 - Argentina declares independence from Spain
- 1846 - By an act of Congress, the Washington, DC area south of the Potomac (39 mi² or about 100 km²) was returned to Virginia.
- 1850 - President Zachary Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th President of the United States.
- 1893 - Dr Daniel Hale Williams performs the first successful open heart surgery at Provident Hospital in Chicago.
- 1896 - William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of gold speech.
- 1900 - Victoria of the United Kingdom gives royal assent to an act creating the Commonwealth of Australia thus uniting separate colonies on the continent under one federal government.
- 1918 - Great train wreck of 1918: In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101 and injuring 171, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
- 1922 - Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking a world swimming record and the 'minute barrier'.
- 1942 - Holocaust: Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
- 1943 - World War II: Operation Husky - Allied forces perform an amphibious invasion of Sicily.
- 1944 - World War II: British and Canadian forces capture Caen.
- 1945 - A forest fire breaks out in the Tillamook Burn, the third fire in that area since 1933.
- 1955 - The Russell-Einstein Manifesto was released by Bertrand Russell in London.
- 1968 - Official opening of Hayward Gallery on London's South Bank.
- 1979 - A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by famed "Nazi hunters" Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
- 1982 - A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana killing all 146 on board and eight on the ground.
- 1989 - Two bombs explode in Mecca, killing one pilgrim and wounding 16 others.
- 1991 - International Human Rights Federation cites human rights violations committed by police and military personnel during Oka crisis in Quebec.
- 1991 - South Africa is reintroduced into the Olympic movement after 30 years of exclusion.
- 1992 - Democratic presidential nominee Bill Clinton announces that Tennessee Senator Al Gore will be his running mate.
- 1997 - Mike Tyson's boxing license is suspended for at least a year and he is fined $3 million for biting Evander Holyfield's ear in a televised match.
- 1999 - Days of student protests begins after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory of University of Tehran
- 2002 - The African Union was established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The first chairman was South African president Thabo Mbeki.
- 2004 - After José Manuel Durão Barroso's appointment to the European Commission, Portuguese President Jorge Sampaio announces that he will invite the second-in-line leader of PSD, Pedro Santana Lopes to form government.
Births
- 1249 - Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)
- 1578 - Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1637)
- 1764 - Ann Radcliffe, English writer (d. 1823)
- 1775 - Matthew Lewis, English novelist (d. 1818)
- 1808 - Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and soldier (d. 1887)
- 1819 - Elias Howe, American inventor (d. 1867)
- 1836 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
- 1858 - Franz Boas, German anthropologist (d. 1942)
- 1900 - Ida Ehre, actress (d. 1989)
- 1901 - Dame Barbara Cartland, English novelist (d. 2000)
- 1908 - Paul Brown, American football coach (d. 1991)
- 1911 - Mervyn Peake, British writer and illustrator (d. 1968)
- 1916 - Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1925 - Peter Ludwig, entrepreneur and art collector (d. 1996)
- 1927 - Susan Cabot, American actress (d. 1986)
- 1927 - Ed Ames, American singer and actor
- 1929 - King Hassan II of Morocco, (d. 1999)
- 1932 - Donald Rumsfeld, United States Secretary of Defense
- 1936 - June Jordan, American writer and teacher (d. 2002)
- 1937 - David Hockney, English artist
- 1938 - Brian Dennehy, American actor
- 1942 - Richard Roundtree, American actor
- 1943 - John Casper, astronaut
- 1945 - Dean R. Koontz, American author
- 1946 - Bon Scott, Australian singer (AC/DC) (d. 1980)
- 1947 - O. J. Simpson, American football player and actor
- 1952 - John Tesh, American composer
- 1955 - Jimmy Smits, Puerto Rican actor
- 1956 - Tom Hanks, American actor
- 1956 - Marc Almond, British singer
- 1957 - Kelly McGillis, American actress
- 1965 - Frank Bello, American musician (Anthrax)
- 1965 - Courtney Love, American musician
- 1965 - Marc Mero, American professional wrestler
- 1971 - Marc Andreessen, American software developer
- 1973 - Kelly Holcomb, American football player
- 1975 - Jack White, American musician (The White Stripes)
- 1976 - Fred Savage, American actor
- 1976 - Shelton Benjamin, American professional wrestler
- 1978 - Linda Park, Korean-born actress
Deaths
- 518 - Anastasius I, Byzantine emperor
- 1228 - Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1386 - Duke Leopold III of Autria (killed in battle) (b. 1351)
- 1737 - Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
- 1797 - Edmund Burke, British philosopher and statesman (b. 1729)
- 1850 - Báb, Persian founder of the Bábi Faith (b. 1819)
- 1850 - Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
- 1856 - Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (b. 1776)
- 1856 - James Strang, Mormon splinter group leader (assassinated) (b. 1813)
- 1937 - Oliver Law, first African-American commander of U.S. troops, (killed in battle) (b. 1899)
- 1938 - Benjamin Cardozo, American jurist (b. 1870)
- 1949 - Fritz Bennicke Hart, English-born Australian composer (b. 1874)
- 1951 - Harry Heilmann, Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1894)
- 1974 - Earl Warren, Governor of California, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1891)
- 1979 - Cornelia Otis Skinner, American actress and author (b. 1899)
- 1985 - Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
- 1992 - Eric Sevareid, American reporter (b. 1912)
- 1996 - Melvin Belli, American attorney (b. 1907)
- 2002 - Laurence Janifer, American science fiction writer (b. 1933)
- 2002 - Rod Steiger, American actor (b. 1925)
- 2003 - Winston Graham, American author (b. 1908)
- 2004 - Paula Danziger, American author (b. 1944)
- 2004 - Paul Klebnikov, American journalist (b. 1963)
- 2004 - Isabel Sanford, American actress (b. 1917)
Holidays and observances
- Roman festival - Caprotinia, or feasts of Juno Caprotina.
- Argentina - Independence Day
- Palau - Constitution Day
- Bahá'í Faith - Holy Day: Martyrdom of the Báb
- Roman Catholic Church - Feast of Our Lady of Peace
External links
- BBC: On This Day (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/9)
July 8 - July 10 - June 9 - August 9 -- listing of all days
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