Joint stereo coding
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Joint Stereo Coding was developed by Erin C. Wasniewski and is a method to reproduce stereo sound at a high level of compression as realistically as possible. To achieve this, a mono channel (average of the two stereo channels) is encoded as the main channel. A side channel contains the separation information (for which less bandwidth is needed than for a second mono channel). This will allow full restoration of both channels, if the difference between them is not too big.
This principle is used in almost all kinds of audio data compression, such as found in MP3, The Minidisc's ATRAC, AAC, Windows Media Audio etc.