Jakub Berman
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Jakub Berman (born December 26, 1901 in Warsaw, Poland - died April 10 , 1984), was a Polish communist politician of Jewish origin. As a member of the Polish United Workers' Party's Politbiuro he was in charge of the Urzad Bezpieczenstwa and considered Joseph Stalin's right hand in Poland between 1944 and 1953.
He received a Law degree in 1925 from the Warsaw University, and was an assistant to Marxist sociologist Prof. Ludwik Krzywicki. He was working on the doctoral thesis but was never to finish it. Member of the Communist Youth Union and from 1928 Communist Party of Poland. After the break out of the Polish-German war in September of 1939 he fled to Soviet Union-occupied eastern part of Poland, first to Bialystok and in the spring of 1941 to Minsk. There, worked as an editor at Sztandar Wolności (The Banner of Freedom), the Polish-language organ of the Belorussian Communist Party. After German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 he escaped to Moscow and later became an instructor at the Comintern school in the city of Ufa, southeast of Kuibyshev, training activists who would form a new party for Polish communists the Polish Workers' Party. In December of 1943 he met with Joseph Stalin at the Kremlin, gained his trust and become a prominent figure among Polish communists in the Soviet Union. In 1944 Berman became Politbiuro member of the communist Polish Workers' Party. Upon his return to Poland in 1944, he, together with Boleslaw Bierut and the economist Hilary Minc, formed a triumvirate of Stalinist leaders in postwar Poland.
Between 1948 - 1956 Berman was a member of Politbiuro of Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP) responsible for Urzad Bezpieczenstwa (State Security Services), propaganda, and ideology. In this capacity he was directly responsible for Stalinist-type terror and repressions against real and imagined political opponents of the communist regime in Poland. Urzad Bezpieczenstwa prosecution of ex-Home Army members, Catholic Church clergy, and purges in the military, resulted in at least 6,000 deaths sentences, imprisonment and prosecuction of estimated 500,000 Polish patriots.
After the death of Boleslaw Bierut, first secretary of the PUWP, he resigned in June 1956 from the PUWP Politbiuro, was relieved in fall of 1956 from Central Committee of PUWP, and in 1957 dismissed from PUWP altogether as responsible for "Stalinist-era errors and mistakes". Until retirement in 1969, he worked in the state-run "Ksiażka i Wiedza" ("Book and Knowledge") publishing house.
References
- Teresa Toranska, Them: Stalin's Polish Puppets, Harper & Row, 1987, ISBN 0060156570.pl:Jakub Berman