International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
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The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April, 1994, commencing on April 6. It is based in Arusha, Tanzania.
It was created on November 8, 1994 by the Security Council of the United Nations in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between January 1 and December 31, 1994.
It was set up by the UN Security Council following the resolutions:
- 995 on November 8, 1994 ([1] (http://www.un.org/ictr/english/Resolutions/955e.htm), [2] (http://wikisource.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_995))
- 978 on February 27, 1995 ([3] (http://www.un.org/ictr/english/Resolutions/978e.htm)), [4] (http://wikisource.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_978))
- 1165 on April 30, 1998 ([5] (http://www.un.org/ictr/english/Resolutions/1165e.htm))
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Trial against "hate media"
The trial against "hate media" began on October 23, 2000. It is charged with the prosecution of the media which encouraged the genocide of 1994.
On August 19, 2003, at the tribunal in Arusha, life sentences were requested for Ferdinand Nahimana, and Jean Bosco Barayagwiza, persons in charge for the Radio-Television Libre des Mille Collines, as well as Hassan Ngeze, director and editor of the Kangur newspaper. They are charged with genocide, incitement to genocide, and crimes against humanity, before and during the period of the genocides of 1994. On 3 December 2003, the court found all three defendants guilty and sentenced Nahimana and Ngeze to life imprisonment and Barayagwiza to imprisonment for 35 years. The case is currently on appeal.
Membership
The Tribunal consists of 16 Judges in four "chambers" - three to hear trials, and one to hear appeals. In addition, there are 9 ad litem judges, making 25 in all. At present, all 9 ad litem judges are assigned to Chambers II and III. There is an additional pool of 9 further ad litem judges who may be called on in the case of a judge being absent.
The column denoted by # indicates the order of precedence.
Trial Chamber I
| # | Judge | Country of Origin | Status |
| 1. | Erik Møse | Norway | President ICTR, Presiding Judge, Trial Chamber I |
| 10. | Jai Ram Reddy | Fiji | member |
| 11. | Sergei Alekseevich Egorov | Russia | member |
Trial Chamber II
| # | Judge | Country of Origin | Status |
| 4. | William Sekule | Tanzania | Presiding Judge, Trial Chamber II |
| 9. | Arlette Ramaroson | Madagascar | member |
| 16. | Joseph Asoka Nihal De Silva | Sri Lanka | member |
| 17. | Solomy Balungi Bossa | Uganda | ad litem |
| 19. | Lee Gacugia Muthoga | Kenya | ad litem |
| 21. | Emile Francis Short | Ghana | ad litem |
| 23. | Taghrid Hikmet | Jordan | ad litem |
| 24. | Seon Ki Park | South Korea | ad litem |
Trial Chamber III
| # | Judge | Country of Origin | Status |
| 2. | Andrésia Vaz | Senegal | Presiding Judge, Trial Chamber III |
| 14. | Khalida Rachid Khan | Pakistan | member |
| 15. | Charles Michael Dennis Byron | Saint Kitts and Nevis | member |
| 18. | Flavia Lattanzi | Italy | ad litem |
| 22. | Florence Rita Arrey | Cameroon | ad litem |
| 24. | Karin Hökborg | Sweden | ad litem |
| 25. | Gberdao Gustave Kam | Burkina Faso | ad litem |
Appeals Chamber
| # | Judge | Country of Origin | Status |
| 3. | Theodor Meron | United States | Presiding Judge, Appeals Chamber |
| 5. | Mohamed Shahabuddeen | Guyana | member |
| 6. | Florence Mumba | Zambia | member |
| 7. | Mehmet Güney | Turkey | member |
| 8. | Fausto Pocar | Italy | member |
| 12. | Wolfgang Schomburg | Germany | member |
| 13. | Inés Mónica Weinberg de Roca | Argentina | member |
See also
External links
- Official site of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (http://www.ictr.org/)
- Human Rights Watch Report, "Genocide in Rwanda" (http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/)
ja:ルワンダ国際戦犯法廷 fr:Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda pl:Międzynarodowy Trybunał Karny dla Rwandy