Hydrino theory

Hydrino theory is a colloquial term for one aspect of a theory of physics developed by Dr. Randell Mills termed "Classical Quantum Mechanics". It should be noted that hydrino theory is not accepted as a legitimate theory by nearly all reputable scientists who've examined its claims and in fact is currently regarded by most scientists, especially physicists in particular, as being a pseudoscience. All information on "hydrino theory" that follows below is from the point of view of proponents of the theory.

The theory was derived from a physics paper by MIT electrical engineering professor, Dr. Herman Haus. This paper used classical physics to model radiation arising from the free electron laser. Dr. Mills reasoned that if classical physics could model radiation of the free electron it should be able to model radiation and non-radiation of the bound electron in an atom.

Confining himself to the observed properties of the electron and a boundary condition for radiation derived from Professor Haus' paper, Dr. Mills arrived at a new model of the electron that appeared to follow classical laws. The CQM electron model holds that the electron is better described classically as an extended particle that in free space is a two dimensional spinning disc of charge instead of a singularity or point.

When captured by a proton to form a hydrogen atom, the two dimensional electron deforms into a sphere composed of rotating current loops and achieves a stable radius through force balance between the properties of the proton and the spinning, rotating current loops of the electron sphere.

This sphere is equivalent to a dynamic resonator cavity, able to absorb or emit specific amounts of energy that correspond to known spectra of the H-atom and to alter its radius as it absorbs or emits energy.

The state currently termed the "ground state" of the hydrogen atom is proposed to be the first stable non-radiative state: the electron sphere and proton are force balanced and cannot lose any further energy by the emission of photons. It is important to note that despite claims to the contrary, the "ground state" does not represent the lowest energy state of the Hydrogen atom even in conventional physics. The hydrogen molecule is itself composed of two hydrogen atoms that exist in a below ground state where energy is removed by a third body in order to form the H2 molecule.

Through the mechanism of non radiative resonant energy transfers, a physical process of energy transfer described in the past by Forster theory, it is proposed by Dr. Mills that the hydrogen atom can non-radiatively donate to any atom or ion that can receive or absorb specific amounts of energy, being an integer multiple of 27.2 eV. While the h-atom can donate this energy to a catalyst atom or ion, it does not result in a stable state and it will radiate energy with a reduction in the electron's radius until the next stable hydrino state is reached. This is a hydrino: one of many states in which the radius of the electron is 1/integer of the ground state.

An example of the process is atomic hydrogen and the He+ ion. He+ ionizes at 54.417 eV which is 2 times 27.2 eV. In this case the He+ ion is ionised to He++ and the now unstable H-atom which has lost this energy radiates until it reaches the next stable hydrino radius which will be 1/3 that of the "ground state". The total energy release including that recovered from the He++ ion when it recaptures an electron is 108.8ev.

The total energy released for hydrino transitions is large compared to the chemical burning of hydrogen but less than nuclear reactions. Each hydrino can itself be reduced by further reactions with the release of more energy until a theoretical limit of 1/137 the radius of the state termed the "ground state". Limitations on confinement and terrestrial conditions mean that only hydrino states less than 1/30 have been achieved.

The Hydrino theory, evidence for and independent replications can be found at the website of the company founded by Dr. Mills to develop the theory and prototypes. The main evidence in support of this novel theory consists of:

• Formation of plasmas in gas cells with input energies into the cell far below that required to form such plasmas.

• Spectral lines from gas cell plasmas which match the CQM predictions for hydrino transitions.

• Detection of excess heat from plasma cells using water bath calorimetry.

• New chemical compounds said to have been formed from hydrino hydrides (ie a hydrino which has captured another electron to form a negative hydride ion) which show unusual properties and structure.

• Molecular diHydrino gas formation and detection.

• Spectral lines from the sun's corona said to derive from hydrino transitions, also said to be the cause of the higher temperatures of the corona relative to the sun's surface contrary to scientific expectations.

• A proposed explanation for "dark matter", a mysterious mass not visible but forming 95% of the universe with observable gravitation effects. CQM argues that hydrinos, or lower energy hydrogen comprises this "dark matter".

External links

• Black Light Power, Inc. (http://www.blacklightpower.com), corporate website.
• The Hydrino Study Group (http://www.hydrino.org) is a forum for pro/con discussion of hydrino theory.
• [1] (http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/generalscience/blacklight_hydrinos_000523.html) 2000 Article on Dr. Mills
• Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (http://www.phact.org/e/z/hydrino.htm) A skeptical look at hydrino theory, examining in particular, some of its serious mathematical shortcomings.