Hong Kong legislative election, 2004
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Template:Politics of Hong Kong Elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) were held on September 12, 2004.
The elections returned 30 members from directly elected geographical constituencies and 30 members from functional constituencies.
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General outcome
Over 3.2 million voters(a historical record) registered for the election. The turnout rate was 55.6%, with 1 784 406 voters casting ballots for the election. This is a historical record in Hong Kong, both in terms of turnout percentage and absolute number of voters, beating the 1998 record by 200,000 votes.
While the pro-democratic opposition candidates have gained new seats in the legislature compared with the previous elections, this has fallen short of their expectations. For the geographical constituencies, candidates from the pro-democratic camp secured 60 percent of the seats in the geographical sectors of the election, taking 18 seats (up from 17) in this category, and 62 percent of the popular vote. On the other hand, the pro-Beijing / pro-business candidates made greater gains, winning 12 directly elected seats (up from 7). Ironically, in the functional constituencies which the pro-democratic camp sought to abolish, the camp made more gains (from 5 to 7 seats). Overall, the democrats took 25 seats and the pro-government, 35 seats. Bills initiated by the government can still be passed on pro-government support alone, but bills originated by members cannot be passed without democratic support, since these bills require absolute majorities in each sector (geograpgical and functional) of legislature. Constitutional amendments require a two-thirds vote and thereby also require support from the democratic camp.
Despite the increase in the number of seats returned by geographical constituencies and the record turnout, the Democratic Party (民主黨) lost the status of being the largest political party in the Legislative Council to the pro-government Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (who secured 12 seats) and pro-business Liberal Party (who secured 10 seats) parties, thereby becoming only the third-largest party. Some attributed the poor performance of the pro-democratic camp to tactical mis-calculation in vote allocation. This was not helped by some of the democratic parties' personal scandals.
Overall, the pro-Beijing and pro-business parties succeeded in retaining the majority in the legislature. However, pro-democracy candidates have maintained the threshold to block changes (if necessary) to the Basic Law of Hong Kong(since a two-thirds vote is required for amendment). The current Legislative Council also saw the entry of more radical members of the 'democratic' camp.
There were a few reports of irregularities, e.g. some polling stations ran out of ballot boxes, causing long delays in voting. Some stations allegedly also used cardboard boxes without official seals. Some candidates have tried to challenge the election results, but have remained unsuccessful thus far. A report on the election process was published shortly after the election, and gives explanations for most of these irregularities.
Dynamics
The election was largely seen as a contest between the pro-democracy coalition and the pro-business and pro-Beijing coalitions. There were 162 candidates for 60 seats in the LegCo. Before the election, the pro-democratic camp was widely expected to gain the most votes and increase its representation in the LegCo (from 22 seats). Some members of the pro-democratic camp aimed at securing an absolute majority of the seats in the legislature so that they would have the power to veto all government proposals.
The democratic camp called for direct elections for the Chief Executive of Hong Kong in 2007 and for LegCo in 2008, as well as rapid political reform. In contrast, the pro-Beijing and pro-business candidates placed more emphasis on economic growth and social stability. Most of the political parties are now setting 2012 as the ideal time for electoral reform.
While the democratic camp hoped to play up the issue of universal suffrage as a prominent issue in the election, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress ruled out universal suffrage for the Chief Executive's election in 2007 and for LegCo elections in 2008 in April 2004 before the election. Despite this, the pro-democratic camp insisted on promoting their agenda, which seemed to backfire when the campaign lost its original momentum. This was not helped by various sex and financial scandals of a few pro-democracy candidates. There were some allegations by the pro-democracy camp of Mainland Chinese influence behind this.
Some of the more interesting developments include:
- Some reports in phone-in radio programmes that some officials in the Mainland requested businessmen to take photographs of their completed ballots with their mobile phones to prove that they have voted for pro-Beijing candidates. In response, the government removed curtains from polling booths to deter such activities.
- The entry into the election race of popular radio show host Albert Cheng, who had accused Beijing of pressuring him to leave his radio program.
- The arrest and sentence (by reeducation through labor) of the Democratic Party candidate Alex Ho in Guangdong province of China for (allegedly) being caught and pictured in a hotel bedroom having relations with a prostitute. Although there were some initial predictions that Ho's arrest would help the Democratic Party by highlighting deficiencies in the PRC's judicial system, it is generally agreed that his arrest greatly hurt the party among women voter support in Hong Kong.
- The involvement of Democratic Party James To and The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions Chan Yuen-han in scandals relating to the use of public funds for the benefit of their respective political groups.
- Human Rights Watch issued a report a few days before the election, accusing the PRC government of creating a "climate of fear" to influence the election. In response, the Hong Kong government claimed that the report was distorted.
- The assault of a candidate of the Democratic Party in the New Territories East district, Mr. Wong Shing-chi. The suspect was arrested and reportedly found to be mentally ill.
- The election of radical activist "Long Hair", who ran as an independent but who is expected to side with pro-democracy representatives despite his revolutionary leanings.
Candidates and Results
General Results
Democratic camp 25 seats, Pro-Beijing camp 35 seats Three Largest Parties:
- DAB: 12 seats
- Liberal Party: 10 seats
- Democratic Party: 9 seats
Geographical Constituencies (30 Seats)
Voting System: party-list proportional representation with the largest remainder method.
Hong Kong Island (香港島) (6 Seats)
- List 1:Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Ma Lik (馬力)
- Choi So Yuk (蔡素玉)
- Chung Shu Kun, Christopher (鍾樹根)
- Yeung Wai Foon (楊位款)
- Lee Yuen Kwong (李元剛)
- Cheung Kwok Kwan (張國鈞)
- List 2:Individual (Pro-government)
- Hsu Lai Tai, Rita (徐麗泰), better known as Rita Fan (范徐麗泰)
- List 3:Individual (Pro-democracy for the "grassroots")
- Tsang Kin Shing (曾健成, 阿牛)
- Chung Chung Fai (鍾松輝, 鍾輝)
- Tang Chui Chung (鄧徐中)
- List 4:Democratic Party (民主黨)(Pro-democracy)
- Yeung Sum (楊森)
- Lee Chu Ming, Martin (李柱銘)
- Lai Chi Keong, Joseph (黎志強)
- List 5:Individual
- Wong Kam Fai, Kelvin (黃錦輝)
- List 6:(Pro-democracy)
- Eu Yuet Mee, Audrey (余若薇) (Article 45 Concern Group 四十五條關注組, ran as individual)
- Ho Sau Lan, Cyd (何秀蘭) (The Frontier 前綫, Civic Act-up 公民起動)
| Party list | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Total |
| Votes | 74 659 | 65 661 | 5 313 | 131 788 | 2 830 | 73 844 | 379 913 |
| Seats | 6 | ||||||
| Hare Quota | 63 318 | ||||||
| Quotas Received | 1.18 | 1.04 | 0.08 | 2.08 | 0.04 | 1.17 | |
| Automatic seats | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Remainder | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.17 | |
| Surplus seats | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total Seats | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Kowloon West (九龍西) (4 Seats)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Tsang Yok Sing, Jasper (曾鈺成)
- Chung Kong Mo (鍾港武)
- Lee Wai King, Starry (李慧琼)
- Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (List 1) (民主民生協進會, 民協)(Populist)
- Fung Kin Kee, Frederick (馮檢基)
- Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (List 2) (民主民生協進會, 民協)(Populist)
- Liu Sing Lee (廖成利)
- Individual (Pro-democracy)
- Lau Chin Shek (劉千石) (Member of Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (香港職工會聯盟), but did not declare any political association in the application and ran as an individual)
- Democratic Party (民主黨)(Pro-democracy)
- To Kun Sun, James (涂謹申)
- Chan Ka Wai (陳家偉)
- Lam Ho Yeung (林浩揚)
- Ma Kee (馬旗)
- Individual (Pro-democracy)
- Lau Yuk Shing, Liu Tai (柳玉成, 劉泰)
- Leung Suet Fong (梁雪芳)
- Lau Po Kwan (劉寶坤)
Kowloon East (九龍東) (5 Seats)
- Democratic Party (民主黨)(Pro-democracy)
- Li Wah Ming (李華明)
- Wu Chi Wai (胡志偉)
- Ho Wai To (何偉途)
- Article 45 Concern Group (四十五條關注組)(Pro-democracy)
- Leung Kah Kit, Alan (梁家傑) (ran as individual)
- The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (香港工會聯合會, 工聯會) / Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Chan Yuen Han (陳婉嫻)
- Lam Man Fai (林文輝)
- Tang Ka Piu (鄧家彪) (Individual)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong / The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (Pro-government)
- Chan Kam Lam (陳鑑林)
- Choi Chun Wa (蔡鎮華)
- Chan Tak Ming (陳德明)
- Pro-democracy
- Cheng Jing Han, Albert (鄭經翰), also known as "Tai Pan" (大班) (Individual)
- To Kwan Hang, Andrew (陶君行) (The Frontier 前綫)
New Territories West (新界西) (8 Seats)
- Democratic Party (List 1) (民主黨)(Pro-democracy)
- Lee Wing Tat (李永達)
- Chan Yuen Sum, Sumly (陳琬琛)
- Democratic Party (List 2) (民主黨)(Pro-democracy)
- Ho Chun Yan (何俊仁)
- Cheung Yin Tung (張賢登)
- Individual (A former member of Democratic Party)(Pro-democracy)
- Chan Wai Yip, Albert (陳偉業)
- Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (民主民生協進會, 民協)(Populist)
- Yim Tim Sang (嚴天生)
- Kong Fung Yi (江鳳儀)
- Tai Yin Chiu (戴賢招)
- Kwun Tung Wing (官東榮)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Tam Yiu Chung (譚耀宗)
- Cheung Hok Ming (張學明)
- Leung Che Cheung (梁志祥)
- Au Yeung Po Chun (歐陽寶珍)
- Tsui Fan (徐帆)
- Chan Han Pan (陳恒鑌)
- Lo Kwong Sing, Andy (老廣成)
- Ng King Wah, Philip (伍景華)
- Liberal Party (自由黨)(Pro-government and pro-business)
- Chow Liang Shuk Yee, Selina (周梁淑怡)
- Ting Woo Shou, Kenneth (丁午壽)
- Individual (Pro-government)
- Ng Tak Leung (伍得良) (a former member of Liberal Party)
- Individual(Pro-democracy)
- Char Shik Ngor, Stephen (查錫我)
- Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (香港職工會聯盟)(Pro-democracy)
- Lee Cheuk Yan (李卓人)
- Ip Ngok Fung (葉岳峰)
- New Century Forum (新世紀論壇)(Pro-government)
- Lui Hau Tuen (呂孝端)
- Siu Shing Choi (蕭成財)
- Chan Choi Hi (陳財喜)
- Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre (街坊工友服務處) (Pro-democracy)
- Leung Yiu Chung (梁耀忠)
- Wan Siu Kin, Andrew (尹兆堅)
- Individual (Pro-government)
- Chow Ping Tim (鄒秉恬)
New Territories East (新界東) (7 Seats)
- Individual
- Wong Wang Fat, Andrew (黃宏發)
- 7.1 United Front (7.1 連線) (Pro-democracy)
- Cheng Kar Foo, Andrew (鄭家富) (Democratic Party 民主黨)
- Lau Wai Hing, Emily (劉慧卿) (The Frontier 前綫)
- Tong Ka Wah, Ronny (湯家驊) (Article 45 Concern Group, 四十五條關注組)
- Wong Sing Chi (黃成智) (Democratic Party 民主黨)
- Tsoi Yiu Cheong, Richard (蔡耀昌) (Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions 香港職工會聯盟, 職工盟)
- Ho Suk Ping, Shirley (何淑萍) (Democratic Party 民主黨)
- Or Yiu Lam, Ricky (柯耀林) (The Frontier 前綫)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Lau Kong Wah (劉江華)
- Li Kwok Ying (李國英)
- Mok Kam Kwai (莫錦貴)
- Chan Kwok Kai (陳國旗)
- So Sai Chi (蘇西智)
- Wong Pik Kiu (黃碧嬌)
- Chan Hak Kan (陳克勤)
- Liberal Party (自由黨)(Pro-government and pro-business)
- Tien Pei Chun, James (田北俊)
- The Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (香港協進聯盟)(Pro-government)
- Tso Wung-Wai (曹宏威)
- Individual (Pro-democracy radical)
- Leung Kwok Hung (梁國雄), also known as "Long Hair" (長毛)
Election results
Summary of outcome
Geographical constituencies
Pro Democracy (18 seats):
- Democratic Party 民主黨): 7 seats
- Article 45 Concern Group (四十五條關注組): 3 seats
- Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (民主民生協進會, 民協) : 1 seat
- Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (香港職工會聯盟): 1 seat
- Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre (街坊工友服務處): 1 seat
- The Frontier (前綫): 1 seat
- Pro democracy individuals: 4 seats
Pro Government (12 seats):
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯): 8 seats
- The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (香港工會聯合會, 工聯會) : 1 seats
- Liberal Party (自由黨): 2 seats
- Pro government individual: 1 seat
Functional constituencies
Pro-democracy(7 seats)
- Democratic Party: 2 seats
- Other: 5 seats
Pro-government (23 seats)
- Liberal Party: 8 seats
- DAB: 4 seats
- Other: 11 seats
Democratic camp 25 seats, Pro-Beijing camp 35 seats Three Largest Parties:
- DAB: 12 seats
- Liberal Party: 10 seats
- Democratic Party: 9 seats
Candidates elected in geographical constituencies
Hong Kong Island (香港島) (6 Seats)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Ma Lik (馬力)
- Choi So Yuk (蔡素玉)
- Individual (Pro-government)
- Hsu Lai Tai, Rita (徐麗泰), better known as Rita Fan (范徐麗泰)
- Article 45 Concern Group (四十五條關注組)(Pro-democracy)
- Eu Yuet Mee, Audrey (余若薇)
- Democratic Party (民主黨)(Pro-democracy)
- Yeung Sum (楊森)
- Lee Chu Ming, Martin (李柱銘)
Kowloon West (九龍西) (4 Seats)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯) (Pro-government)
- Tsang Yok Sing, Jasper (曾鈺成)
- Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (List 1) (民主民生協進會, 民協) (Pro-democracy)
- Fung Kin Kee, Frederick (馮檢基)
- Individual (Pro-democracy)
- Lau Chin Shek (劉千石) (Member of Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (香港職工會聯盟), but did not declare any political association in the application)
- Democratic Party (民主黨) (Pro-democracy)
- To Kun Sun, James (涂謹申)
Kowloon East (九龍東) (5 Seats)
- Democratic Party (民主黨)(Pro-democracy)
- Li Wah Ming (李華明)
- Article 45 Concern Group (四十五條關注組)(Pro-democracy)
- Leung Kah Kit, Alan (梁家傑)
- The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (香港工會聯合會, 工聯會) / Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Chan Yuen Han (陳婉嫻)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong(Pro-government)
- Chan Kamn Lam (陳鑑林)
- Democratic Alliance(Pro-democracy)
- Cheng Jing Han, Albert (鄭經翰), also known as "Tai Pan" (大班) (Individual)
New Territories West (新界西) (8 Seats)
- Democratic Party (List 1) (民主黨)(Pro-democracy)
- Lee Wing Tat (李永達)
- Democratic Party (List 2) (民主黨) (Pro-democracy)
- Ho Chun Yan (何俊仁)
- Individual (Ex-Democratic Party member)(Pro-democracy)
- Chan Wai Yip, Albert (陳偉業)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Tam Yiu Chung (譚耀宗)
- Cheung Hok Ming (張學明)
- Liberal Party (自由黨)(Pro-government)
- Chow Liang Shuk Yee, Selina (周梁淑怡)
- Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (香港職工會聯盟)(Pro-democracy)
- Lee Cheuk Yan (李卓人)
- Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre (街坊工友服務處) (Pro-democracy)
- Leung Yiu Chung (梁耀忠)
New Territories East (新界東) (7 Seats)
- 7.1 United Front (7.1 連線) (Democratic Alliance) (Pro-democracy)
- Cheng Kar Foo, Andrew (鄭家富) (Democratic Party 民主黨)
- Lau Wai Hing, Emily (劉慧卿) (The Frontier 前綫)
- Tong Ka Wah, Ronny (湯家驊) (Article 45 Concern Group, 四十五條關注組)
- Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (民主建港聯盟, 民建聯)(Pro-government)
- Lau Kong Wah (劉江華)
- Li Kwok Ying (李國英)
- Liberal Party (自由黨)(Pro-government)
- Tien Pei Chun, James (田北俊)
- Individual (Pro-Democracy)(Pro-democracy radical)
- Leung Kwok Hung (梁國雄), also known as "Long Hair" (長毛)
Functional Constituencies (30 Seats)
The pro-government camp took 23 seats, leaving seven for the democrats. See this site (http://www.elections.gov.hk/elections/legco2004/english/results/rs_fc_overall.html) for a list of the winners and the number of votes received in each sector.
See also
External Links
- LegCo Elections 2004 (http://www.elections.gov.hk/elections/legco2004/eindex.html)zh:2004年香港立法會選舉