History of Soviet espionage
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Coming to power as a clandestine organization, having been schooled in the secret police tactics of the Czarist Okhranka the new Soviet government of the Soviet Union tended to overestimate the degree to which the other European powers of the day, especially Britain were plotting its destruction. With that mindset Lenin and his colleagues through the precursor agencies of the KGB, beginning with the Cheka, made serious efforts to obtain information regarding the activities and plans of the European powers, Britain, Germany, France and Italy.
As the other European powers had only rudimentary intelligence agencies, the Soviet Union soon outstripped them in obtaining information and placing agents within their governments who kept Soviet leaders apprised of their military and foreign relations positions and intentions. The United States, perceived as being on the periphery of European affair received little attention until the late 30s but during the Cold War years, together with Britain, became the main focus of attention.
Significant successes were had in Britain with the recruitment of the Cambridge Five, a ring of British spies who passed information to the Soviet Union during World War II, and up until the early 1950s. The five consisted of Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and John Cairncross. In the United States (and in Britain also) great success was had in the stealing of technological secrets, especially regarding the atom bomb. The State Department was also deeply compromised during the Roosevelt administration at a time the United States had no significant countervailing intelligence capacity within the Soviet Union.
In the late years of the Cold War the KGB was able to recruit moles high within the FBI (Robert Hanssen) and the CIA (Aldrich Ames).
See also
References
- Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB, Basic Books, 1999, hardcover edition, pages 287-293 and page 306, ISBN 0-465-00310-9
- Original article adapted from the Wikinfo article, "History of Soviet espionage" http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.phtml?title=History_of_Soviet_espionage March 26, 2004