Henry Grow

Henry Grow (October 1, 1817 - November 4, 1891) was a Latter-day Saint ("Mormon") builder and civil engineer in pioneer-era Utah. His most notable achievement was aiding the construction of the Mormon Tabernacle on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. Grow engineered the meeting hall's unique elongated dome roof.

Life history

Henry Grow was the seventh son of Henry Grow and Mary Riter Grow. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 1, 1817, he spent his childhood on his father's sixty acre (240,000 m²) farm. This farm was one of five bequeathed by Grow's German grandfather, Frederick Grow, to each of his children.

In his early adulthood, Grow was apprenticed as a carpenter and joiner for the Norristown and Germantown railroads. He eventually superintended the construction of all bridges under George G. Whitmore, president of the railroads and ex-mayor of Philadelphia.

In 1842 Grow became involved in the Latter Day Saint movement. Baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in May of 1842, he traveled to Nauvoo, Illinois in 1843. At the time, Nauvoo was the home to the Mormon prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. and center of the Mormon world. Grow worked on the Nauvoo Temple until its completion in May 1846. By that time Smith had long been assassinated by a mob, and the Church had Schismed as Mormons were being driven from Nauvoo.

Following Brigham Young, Grow traveled across the Great Plains to Utah in 1851 as part of the James Cummings Company. He arrived in Salt Lake Valley on October 1, 1851, his 34th birthday.

Grow settled north of present-day Ogden, Utah, but was called to Salt Lake City by Brigham Young in 1852 to oversee construction projects. In 1853 he helped build the first suspension bridge in Utah, over the Weber River. He was also involved in construction of the original Sugarhouse sugar beet sugar mill under the direction of Bishop Fred Kesler. From 1854 to 1861 he built or rebuilt at least five sawmills, mostly in Big Cottonwood Canyon. He also worked on a cotton mill and built more bridges, over the Provo and Jordan Rivers. The Jordan River Bridge, finished in 1861, employed the patented Remington bridge lattice similar to other bridges he helped construct in Pennsylvania.

Grow's design is particularly remarkable because he built the roof with almost no nails, which were scarce in pioneer Utah

In the early 1860s Brigham Young tapped Grow for what became Grow's largest and most famous construction, the dome of the Mormon Tabernacle. Young had become infatuated with the idea of constructing the Tabernacle in an elongated dome shape. When asked how large a roof he could construct using a Remington bridge-style lattice, Grow replied that it could be "100 feet wide and as long as is wanted." In fact, Grow engineered the tabernacle roof to be 150 feet across and 250 feet long.

Construction of the Tabernacle began on July 26, 1864, but construction of the roof did not begin until 1865 when all 44 supporting sandstone piers designed by William H. Folsom in place. Grow rapidly built the roof structure from the center out, but encountered difficulty engineering the semicircular ends of the roof. This difficulty dragged structural work on the roof into fall of 1866 even as other parts of the roof were being shingled. However, Grow finished the and shingled the entire roof by the spring of 1867, before the interior of the building was finished.

From 1876 to 1877 Grow served a mission for the LDS Church in Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania where he was able to visit old relatives. Upon his return to Salt Lake, he was assigned to tear down the so-called "old Tabernacle" that stood on Temple Square and help construct the Salt Lake Assembly Hall under Obed Taylor. Grow built several residences including a house for LDS Church President John Taylor, and acted as superintendent of carpentry of the church through the 1880s. Grow's last important project was the construction of the Deseret Paper Mill for the LDS Church-owned Deseret News newspaper.

Grow died November 4, 1891. A polygamist, he had three wives. Chronologically in order of marriage they were Mary Moyer, Ann Elliott, and Julia Veach. They bore him six, seven, and fourteen children respectively.