Hamilton tariff
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The Hamilton Tariff of 1789 was one of the first bills established by the new United States government. Most of the rates of the tariff were between 5 and 10 percent, depending on the value of the item. As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton was anxious to establish the tariff as a regular source of revenue for the government and as a protection of domestic manufacture. The former was of immediate necessity; the latter was not. Instead, it established the principle of protectionism that was to become a persistent political dispute throughout the next century.
(See also: Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufactures.