Haidamakas
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The haidamakas, also haidamaky or haidamaks (singular haidamaka, Template:Lang-ua, Haidamaky, from Turkish haydımak, "to pursue"), were paramilitary bands in 18th-century Ukraine. The haidamak movement was formed mostly of local Cossacks and peasants (kozaky and holota), against the Polish szlachta in right-bank Ukraine.
The unrest against the gentry and the Catholics led to the haidamaka uprisings (haidamachchyna), including the armed Koliyivshchyna rebellion of May, 1768. Led by Cossacks Maksym Zalizniak and Ivan Gonta, the peasants were initially successful in conquering much of the Kijów and Bracław Voivodships, as well as large chunks of Volhynia and Podolia. In captured territories the gentry and the Jews were killed en masse, which led to a quick response by the Polish army. By July of the same year the revolt was suppressed with Russian military assistance, though bloody repressions against the Cossacks lasted for several years.
The equivalent to haidamaka is opryshok in Ukrainian Galicia, and hajduk in the Balkans. Hajduk is also used in Polish landguage.
Because of the massacres of Jews and Polish gentry, the Polish language term Hajdamactwo became a pejorative description of all Ukrainians.
Haidamaky (1841) is also an epic poem by Taras Shevchenko.
See also
External links
Articles in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine (http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/):
- Haidamaka (http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\H\A\Haidamaka.htm)
- Haidamaka uprisings (http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\H\A\Haidamakauprisings.htm)
- Koliivshchyna rebellion (http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\K\O\Koliivshchynarebellion.htm)de:Haidamaken