Georgism
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Georgism, named after Henry George (1839-1897), is a philosophy and economic theory that follows from the belief that although everyone owns what they create, land, and everything else supplied by nature, belongs equally to all humanity.
Georgists argue that all of the economic rent (ie, unearned income) collected from land, broadcast spectrum, mineral extraction, tradeable emission permits, fishing quotas etc. and extraordinary returns from "natural monopolies" should go to the community rather than the owner and that no other taxes or burdensome economic regulations should be levied. In practice that implies a high Land Value Tax (LVT), although no change in land rental prices (other than those caused by reduction of other taxes and regulations) for reasons first explained by Adam Smith.
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Synonyms and Variants
Most early advocacy groups described themselves as Single Taxers, and George endorsed this as being an accurate description of the movement's main political goal - the replacement of all taxes with a LVT. In the modern era, there include groups inspired by Henry George with more of an emphasis on environmentalism or monetary economics.
In today's more economically complex, a quick and total change to LVT is politically very difficult to sell, so "Georgist" has come into vogue, being a more general term which encompasses even incremental changes towards the ideal of the replacement of all other taxes, with a Single Tax on land.
Some Georgists are not entirely satisfied with the label. Henry George is now little known, the principle predates him, and "isms" named for a single person have developed an image problem. Some use the term "Geoism", with the meaning of "Geo" deliberately ambiguous. "Earth Sharing", "Geonomics" and "Geolibertarianism" (see libertarianism) are also preferred by some Georgists. These terms reflect a difference of emphasis, and sometimes real differences about how land rent should be spent (citizen's dividend or just replacing other taxes); but all agree that land rent should be fully taxed.
Predecessors
Those who expressed similar thoughts before Henry George include: Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Locke, John Stuart Mill, William Ogilvie of Pittensear, Thomas Paine, William Penn, Adam Smith
George's ideas were also predated by traditional land taxes in Japan and other countries.
Famous Georgists
Winston Churchill, Clarence Darrow, David Lloyd George, George Grey, Walter Burley Griffin, Albert Jay Nock, Sun Yat Sen, Leo Tolstoy, Mark Twain
External links
- The Council of Georgist Organizations (http://www.progress.org/cgo/)
- Understanding Economics (http://www.henrygeorge.org/)
- Geolibertarian site (http://geolib.com/welcome.html)
- What is Geolibertarianism? (http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/tma68/geolib.htm)
- A Geolibertarian FAQ (http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/tma68/geo-faq.htm)
- The Institute for Economic Democracy (http://www.ied.info)
- The American Monetary Institute (http://www.monetary.org)
- Geoist Forum (http://www.geoistforum.com/)
- Robert Schalkenbach Foundation (http://www.schalkenbach.org/)fi:Georgismi