Fokker D.VII
|
|
| Fokker D.VIIF | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| Description | ||
| Role | Day fighter | |
| Crew | one, pilot | |
| Dimensions | ||
| Length | 22 ft 9 in | 6.93 m |
| Wingspan | 29 ft 3 in | 8.93 m |
| Height | 9 ft 2 in | 2.80 m |
| Wing area | 592 ft² | 55 m² |
| Weights | ||
| Empty | 1,540 lb | 698 kg |
| Maximum take-off | 1,936 lb | 878 kg |
| Powerplant | ||
| Engines | 1x BMW IIIa | |
| Power | 185 hp | 134 kW |
| Performance | ||
| Maximum speed | 116 mph | 186 km/h |
| Combat range | ||
| Ferry range | ||
| Service ceiling | 19,600 ft | 5,970 m |
| Armament | ||
| Guns | 2x 7.92 mm Spandau machine guns | |
| Bombs | none | |
The D.VII was a late World War I fighter aircraft designed by Anthony Fokker and Rheinhold Platz at the Fokker company. When introduced into combat in 1918 it quickly proved to be superior to just about anything flying, leading to a second Fokker Scourge. So infamous was the airplane, that it was the only weapon specifically demanded by name by the Allies in the armistice agreements at the end of the war (Surrender in good condition by the German Armies of [...] all D7's [...]).
Fokker's chief designer Reinhold Platz had been working on a series of experimental planes, the V-series, since 1916. They shared one feature in common, the use of cantilever wings instead of external wire bracing. This leads to significantly lower drag, but it also requires stronger internal structures in the wing for increased weight, reducing the advantage. In order to reduce this problem, his V.4 design had used three shorter wings that required less internal strength, becoming the prototype for the Fokker Dr.I.
Work continued on the cantilever design, and in 1917 they introduced the new V.9. This was a traditional biplane with V-struts at the wing-tips, and even when powered by the tiny 80 horsepower (60 kW) Oberursel engine, delivered surprisingly good performance. Fokker himself made several changes to the design in order to improve handling, notably increasing the length of the rear fuselage and increasing the size of the vertical stabilizer. Fitting the new 160 hp (119 kW) Mercedes engine resulted in the V.11, the 110 hp (82 kW) Oberursel made the V.13/I and the 160 hp (119 kW) Siemens-Halske (a high-powered rotary engine) the V.13/II.
In January 1918 the German command became concerned about their air forces ability to fight an ever-improving allied force, and started a competition for a new fighter that could beat anything the allies had. Fokker sent in the V.11 and both the V.13's, as well as two monoplane designs, the V.17 and V.18. Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, flew the V.11 prototype and found it easy to fly, able to dive at high speed quickly yet remain steady, and offering good visibility to the pilot. His recommendation virtually decided the competition, but he was not alone in recommending it. The Mercedes-powered V.11 could outrun any of the dogfighters built with a smaller engine, but at the same time it could outfight any of the speedier designs. It appeared that Fokker had built the "perfect fighter", and it was immediately ordered into production as the D.VII.
Fokker's factory was not up to the task of supplying the entire air force, so their rivals at Albatros and AEG were brought in to start construction as well. Fokker rarely used plans for their designs, preferring to tinker until it worked, and so they simply sent a completed D.VII to Albatros to copy. The state of German industry had already started to deteriorate at this point, and under 2,000 of the planes were delivered from all three plants, with the most commonly quoted figure being 1,700. Additionally, the Pfalz company produced a D.VII look-alike using traditional thin wings with external wire bracings - which didn't reach the same level as the D.VII, though.
The D.VII was first introduced into combat at the end of April among the elite units. The plane quickly proved to have all the qualities that it had shown in the contest, able to outfight, outrun and outclimb anything the allies had. It had problems as well, its wing ribs would sometimes fracture in a dive, and high temperatures in the engine area sometimes ignited planes armed with phosphorus ammunition or caused their gas tanks to explode. All of these were rare occurrences however, the D.VII proved to be durable and easy to fly. One pilot noted it had "an apparent ability to make a good pilot out of mediocre material."
In mid-series, the D.VII was further improved by mounting the new over-dimensioned, over-charged BMW and Benz engines that combed large displacement and high compression to provide a considerable performance improvement at high altitude. These engines kept the D.VII competitive even with the latest Allied types using engines of nominally greater power but less favourable altitude characteristics.
Richthofen died only days before the plane was introduced and never flew it in combat. Other pilots, including Hermann Göring, quickly racked up victories and generally lauded the design. Supplies were limited at first, but July there were 407 on record. Larger numbers were available by August, when they achieved 565 victories, all the more impressive when you consider the absolutely overwhelming numbers of aircraft the allies were fielding. When the war ended in November there were 775 in service.
| Contents |
Specifications (variant described)
General characteristics
- Crew:
- Capacity:
- Length: m ( ft)
- Wingspan: m ( ft)
- Height: m ( ft)
- Wing area: m² ( ft²)
- Empty: kg ( lb)
- Loaded: kg ( lb)
- Maximum takeoff: kg ( lb)
- Powerplant: Engine type(s), kN (lbf) thrust or
- Powerplant: Engine type(s), kW ( hp)
Performance
- Maximum speed: km/h ( mph)
- Range: km ( miles)
- Service ceiling: m ( ft)
- Rate of climb: m/min ( ft/min)
- Wing loading: kg/m² ( lb/ft²)
- Thrust/weight: or
- Power/mass:
Related articles
External links:
- FOKKER D.VII (http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/early_years/ey4c.htm)
|
Lists of Aircraft | Aircraft manufacturers | Aircraft engines | Aircraft engine manufacturers Airports | Airlines | Air forces | Aircraft weapons | Missiles | Timeline of aviation |